Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphth[1,2-d] imidazole (MDL-035) has antiinflammatory activity in various antiinflammatory models such as carrageenin and nystatin oedemas, cotton pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis. The antiinflammatory potency of MDL-035 is greater than that of acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone, but lower than that of indomethacin. MDL-035 has practically no gastroulcerogenic activity in rats, does not affect water or salt excretion, has no hormonal or antihormonal effects and has no other unwanted pharmacological effects. Its acute toxicity is very low.
 ...
PMID:Highly selective antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of 3-(1-methylethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphth[1,2-d]imidazole, a new non-acidic molecule. 308 38

We examined the arthropathic activity of purified peptidoglycan (PG) fragments derived from (i) lysozyme-resistant, extensively O-acetylated PG from Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA19 (O-PG), and (ii) lysozyme-sensitive, O-acetyl-deficient PG from N. gonorrhoeae RD5 (non-O-PG). Male Lewis rats were injected intradermally in the tail with 200 micrograms of PG emulsified in mineral oil and water (1:1) or with the oil and water emulsion alone (controls). Quantitation of hind paw size indicated that macromolecular PG of various chemical and physical forms induced paw swelling (P versus controls, less than 0.01) that was evident at about day 14 and that reached a maximum at about day 24. PG-mediated paw swelling was accompanied by intense synovitis with some cartilage and bone involvement. The minimal arthropathic dose of soluble macromolecular PG was 20 micrograms per rat. Of particular interest was that macromolecular O-PGs from strain FA19 caused considerably more extensive swelling than did either their RD5 non-O-PG counterparts or the homologous FA19 PG that had been de-O-acetylated by mild alkali treatment. This suggested that the persistence of hydrolase-resistant high-molecular-weight fragments, afforded by extensive O-acetylation, may be important for optimal expression of arthropathic activity. However, oligomeric PG was not an absolute requirement, since even low-molecular-weight fragments, including the anhydro-muramyl-containing disaccharide peptide monomer released by growing gonococci, were also arthritogenic. Experiments employing purified gonococcal lipopolysaccharide indicated that the arthropathic activity of PG preparations was not due to contaminating lipopolysaccharide. Based on the arthritogenicity of gonococcal PG in this model system, we suggest that PG may play a role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal arthritis, and that such an activity might be potentiated by the persistence of hydrolase-resistant O-PG.
 ...
PMID:Arthropathic properties of gonococcal peptidoglycan fragments: implications for the pathogenesis of disseminated gonococcal disease. 308 86

The National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) was created by President Harry S Truman on June 24, 1948, as the third of the National Institutes of Health. NIDR's legislation contained the mandate to conduct research and research training to improve oral health. An impetus for federally funded dental research was the finding in World War II that the major cause of rejection for military service was missing teeth. Because of the population's widespread tooth decay problems, early NIDR research focused on eliminating dental caries. NIDR scientists confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the use of fluoride in tooth decay prevention, leading to one of the nation's most successful public health efforts, community water fluoridation. During the past 40 years, NIDR scientists have provided research advances and fostered technologies which changed the philosophy and practice of dentistry and brought dental sciences into the mainstream of biomedical research. Dental researchers contribute to studies of such diseases and problems as AIDS, cancer, arthritis, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, herpes, craniofacial anomalies, pain, and bone and joint disorders. NIDR's 40th anniversary in 1988 recognizes its continuing commitment to oral disease prevention and health research, and to achieving the goal of people maintaining their natural dentition for a lifetime.
 ...
PMID:NIDR--40 years of research advances in dental health. 314 Feb 76

A series of 43 hips (41 patients) in which a cemented revision arthroplasty was performed for a symptomatic, nonseptic, loose (42) or broken (1) femoral component was reviewed clinically and radiographically. The operation was done using femoral components of contemporary design, a trochanteric osteotomy, a cement gun, and a PMMA femoral plug. The femoral compactor and water pic were used once they became available (36%). The average follow-up period was 74 months (range, 60-111 months). The primary diagnoses included osteoarthritis (52%), CDH (32%), posttraumatic arthritis (6%), AVN (6%), and SCFE (4%). The average age of the patients at the time of the operation that failed was 52.2 years and at revision was 57.4 years. Only one revised cemented femoral component (2% of hips) required rerevision surgery for septic loosening. The average postoperative Harris hip score was 87 points. Four hips (9%) were classified radiographically as definitely loose, one (2%) as probably loose, and one (2%) as possibly loose, but all of these patients had a good or excellent clinical rating. Complications included deep venous thrombosis in 16 patients, trochanteric nonunion in 3 hips, femoral shaft perforations in eight hips, and postoperative dislocations in 6 hips. These techniques appear to represent an improvement over prior techniques.
 ...
PMID:Revision of nonseptic, loose, cemented femoral components using modern cementing techniques. 318 78

The microagglutination technique for the detection of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica, serovars 3 and 9 (corresponding to O-groups I and V), was compared with the conventional tube agglutination. An immunoglobulin class specific, indirect ELISA (polyvalent immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA) was established employing as antigens formalinized whole bacteria ("OH"-antigens) and LPS preparations (hot phenol-water extraction). ELISA titers and net absorbancy (ELISA-"units") of single serum dilutions were in good agreement; the same was true for ELISA and agglutination results. Specificity (against healthy controls) and sensitivity of both serologic techniques were comparable. Cross-reacting antibodies against serovars 3 and 9 could be identified in the ELISA. Correct serovar-specific diagnosis was possible in 95% with a single assay (polyvalent Ig assay with LPS-antigen). The sensitivity of the LPS-ELISA was superior to the "OH" antigen assay after infections by serovar 3 strains, and antibodies were detected with LPS preparations for a longer period following reconvalescence. Specific IgA, due to its rapid decrease during reconvalescence, on one hand impresses as a valuable marker for the differentiation of recent disease from uncomplicated past infections, while persistence of IgA appears to be associated with Yersinia-induced arthritis. Persisting IgM but rarely IgA titers were characteristically found in patients with prolonged enteric yersiniosis.
 ...
PMID:Yersinia enterocolitica serodiagnosis: a dual role of specific IgA. Evaluation of microagglutination and ELISA. 344 84

The leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis, besides being used in the treatment of sciatica and arthritis, are advocated for various kinds of fevers and painful conditions by the Ayurvedic physicians. In the present study, the water-soluble portion of an ethanol extract of the leaves was screened for analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities. The extract exhibited significant aspirin-like antinociceptive activity but failed to produce morphine-like analgesia. It was also found to possess antipyretic activity against brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract also produced gastric ulcers following oral administration for six consecutive days in rats. Results of the present study tend to substantiate the use of this plant in fevers and painful conditions by Ayurvedic physicians.
 ...
PMID:Analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activity of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract. 349 8

In spite of the wide use of therapeutic exercise in the management of musculoskeletal diseases such as chronic arthritis, there are few controlled studies that establish its effectiveness. Only active contraction can increase muscle strength. Exercises in the horizontal plane or of limbs supported by the buoyancy of water can be carried out with relative ease by people with weak muscles or painful joints. The benefits of exercise programs can be classified as improving general fitness, increasing joint mobility and reconditioning. Whether the large amount of money currently being spent on exercise programs is truly cost-effective is an important question relating to health policy that requires an answer.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic exercise in the management of rheumatic diseases. 349 40

Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted on a hot water decoction and on an ethanol extract of the stems of Polygonum glabrum. Effective anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated against acute carrageenan-induced paw oedema, exudate and granuloma formation in the granuloma pouch test, acute and delayed reactions in formaldehyde arthritis, and acute primary and delayed secondary reactions in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in albino rats. The acute toxicity in albino mice and 1-month studies on subacute toxicity in rats suggested a good margin of safety. The extract was more effective parenterally than by oral administration.
 ...
PMID:Anti-inflammatory studies on Polygonum glabrum. 366 87

Anti-inflammatory properties of liposteroid, a lipid emulsion containing dexamethasone palmitate in the particles, were investigated in comparison with those of water-soluble dexamethasone phosphate. In the acute inflammatory model of carrageenin oedema in rats, liposteroid was as effective as dexamethasone phosphate, whereas liposteroid was twice as effective on formalin granuloma, 3.3 times on adjuvant arthritis and 5.3 times on carrageenin granuloma in rats. Distribution of dexamethasone to the inflammatory lesion in rats with adjuvant arthritis was markedly higher in the liposteroid group than in the dexamethasone phosphate group: 1.5 times higher in 2-6 hours and approximately twice in 24 h. The uptake rate of steroid by rat peritoneal macrophages was greater with liposteroid than with dexamethasone phosphate. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of liposteroid on Fc receptor dependent phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion release and chemotaxis of the macrophages were more potent than those of dexamethasone phosphate. Dexamethasone palmitate itself had very weak activity compared with dexamethasone in the blanching phenomena test in volunteers and dexamethasone palmitate in liposteroid was hydrolysed to dexamethasone in human monocytes. This study suggests that corticosteroids incorporated in lipid emulsions are taken up by the macrophages to a much greater extent than free corticosteroids and strongly suppress macrophage functions, resulting in stronger anti-inflammatory activity.
 ...
PMID:Development of a corticosteroid incorporated in lipid microspheres (liposteroid). 388 48

The uronic acid (proteoglycan, PG) content of cartilage from habitually unloaded sites of normal canine femoral condyles has been shown to be lower than that from habitually loaded regions, even though the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis is similar. We investigated whether the GAG degradation in unloaded cartilage would be greater than that in loaded cartilage, and we obtained comparative biochemical data concerning the PGs and organization of the extracellular matrix of normal loaded and unloaded cartilage. PG extractability (determined by sequential guanidinium chloride extracts of cartilage), percentage of PGs forming large aggregates, and hydrodynamic size of the PG monomers (determined by Sepharose 2B chromatography) were essentially the same in loaded and unloaded cartilage. As expected, the uronic acid content of unloaded cartilage was 20% lower than that of loaded cartilage (P less than 0.02), while the water and DNA contents of the 2 tissues were not statistically different. There was no difference in the rate of net 35SO4-GAG synthesis in organ cultures of loaded and unloaded cartilage. Moreover, there was no appreciable difference in the rates of 35SO4-GAG degradation of loaded and unloaded cartilage, as determined by 35SO4 pulse-chase studies. We have previously shown that selective cyclic compressive stresses applied in vitro to cartilage from loaded areas of canine femoral condyles may increase 35SO4-GAG synthesis. The present results suggest that the rates of GAG metabolism in loaded and unloaded cartilage under atmospheric pressure in vitro may not reflect the rates which exist in articular joints under compressive loads in vivo.
Arthritis Rheum 1986 Jan
PMID:Composition and glycosaminoglycan metabolism of articular cartilage from habitually loaded and habitually unloaded sites. 394 19


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>