Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of the present investigation was to examine the effects of an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5,diamine (methylacetylenic putrescine, MAP) on experimentally induced arthritis in mice. MAP (0.5-0.05%) was administered in drinking water to DBA/1 mice immunized with native chick type II collagen (CII). The development of arthritis was inhibited only in those mice receiving 0.5% MAP; lower doses were ineffective. Putrescine and spermidine levels were decreased and spermine levels were increased in spleen and lymph node cells from drug-treated mice compared to control arthritic mice. Furthermore, when control mice were developing arthritis, serum anti-CII antibody levels were lower in the MAP-treated group. MAP inhibited antibody production early in the immune response to CII; there was an association between inhibition of antibody production and inhibition of the development of arthritis. When MAP was discontinued, the nonarthritic, drug-treated mice did not develop the disease. Late administration of MAP (beginning 19 days after CII immunization) did not affect the incidence or the severity of the arthritis. Cyclophosphamide treatment begun at the same time significantly inhibited the development of the disease. In vitro T cell responses to denatured type II collagen (dCII) in untreated and MAP-treated mice were examined 14 days after immunization with CII. This is a time of peak T cell responsiveness in untreated animals. MAP treatment had no effect on the T cell response to dCII. These results indicate that MAP can prevent the development of CII-induced arthritis, possibly by inhibiting the autoantibody response. Therefore, inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis deserve further investigation as potential immunosuppressive agents.
 ...
PMID:Methylacetylenic putrescine (MAP), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, prevents the development of collagen-induced arthritis. 229 95

Water moves between plasma (p) and synovial fluid (SF) in response to gradients in the balance of opposing hydrostatic pressures (HP) and oncotic pressures (OP). At the vascular site where proximal filtration ceases and distal reabsorption begins, all forces are theoretically in balance. At this point, the transitional microvascular pressure (TMP) may be estimated from the equation TMP = HPSF + OPP - OPSF. We measured these forces in the shoulders, wrists, and knees of 10 normal dogs, ages 2-10 years. The mean HPSF in the knee was lower than that in the shoulders and significantly lower than that in the wrist. Conversely, the OPSF in the wrist was significantly lower than that in the shoulder or the knee. These factors combined indicate that the microvascular bed in the normal knee has a remarkably low mean TMP (7.9 mm Hg). We also found a strong positive correlation between the age of each dog and the mean oncotic pressure of its SF.
Arthritis Rheum 1990 Jan
PMID:Hydrostatic and oncotic determinants of microvascular fluid balance in normal canine joints. 230 71

Progress in understanding rheumatoid (RA) and inflammatory arthritis has been limited in part because there has been no widely accepted animal model of naturally occurring human disease and because the clinical syndrome of RA may reflect the expression of multiple etiologies. We have considered that inflammatory joint disease may be induced and/or exacerbated by food related antigens. To facilitate our investigations, we studied inflammatory synovitis in rabbits induced by oral exposure to environmental antigens. In our preliminary experiments, we examined 9 Florida White, 30 New Zealand White, and 9 Old English rabbits. They were nourished with normal rabbit chow supplemented with either water or cow's milk beginning at age 7 to 26 weeks and observed for 81 to 204 days. Animals were then sacrificed. Histological sections of the knees were examined and graded in a blinded fashion for synovial cell hyperplasia, inflammation, and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration. In addition, serum levels of IgG antimilk, IgG antibovine serum albumin, IgG anticasein, and IgG-C3 complexes were quantified. We found no abnormalities among Florida White rabbits but observed histological synovitis in 53% of the milk fed New Zealand White (9/17), 40% of the water fed Old English (2/5), and all of the milk fed Old English rabbits (4/4) (p = 0.05, milk fed vs water fed animals). Milk fed animals had significantly (p less than 0.0005) greater levels of antibodies and complexes than water fed animals. Our data suggest that environmental antigens may be arthritogenic for some rabbit strains. These observations may provide an important model for the study of inflammatory joint disease analogous to oral, environmental antigen exposure in man.
 ...
PMID:Food induced ("allergic") arthritis: inflammatory synovitis in rabbits. 227 10

A waterborne Campylobacter jejuni outbreak in the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital in Heinola, Finland, in November-December 1986 is described. 32 patients and 62 members of the staff developed gastrointestinal symptoms. C. jejuni heat-stable serotype 45 was isolated from the faeces of 32 enteritis patients and from none of the controls. No other enteropathogens were found. Positive serological responses to C. jejuni acid extract antigen were detected by enzyme immunoassay in 34% of the symptomatic hospital patients, in 40% of the symptomatic staff members, and in 10% of the controls. The clinical course of the illness was mostly mild and self-limited. No striking progress in the arthritis symptoms of the patients was found after the outbreak. The hospital has its own water supply. C. jejuni of the same serotype as the epidemic strain was isolated from the water of the pipeline system. After a careful examination some aged components of the waterworks were found to be responsible for leaks that resulted in the contamination of the water.
 ...
PMID:Waterborne Campylobacter jejuni epidemic in a Finnish hospital for rheumatic diseases. 237 46

Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in the dog produces changes in the articular cartilage of the unstable knee that are consistent with those of osteoarthritis (OA). To determine whether the degrees of severity of OA cartilage changes, of synovitis, and of synovial iron deposition were related to adequacy of hemostasis at the time of ACLT, a modified surgical technique was devised, whereby electrocautery was used to obtain meticulous control of bleeding when the ligament was severed and irrigation was used to remove intraarticular blood before closure of the joint. When no particular attention was given to hemostasis, 69% of the dogs showed synovitis in the OA knee 10 weeks after ACLT; when electrocautery and irrigation were used to maintain hemostasis, synovitis was present in only 24% of the OA knees 10 weeks after ACLT (P less than 0.01). Iron deposits were present in 75% of synovial samples obtained after routine ACLT, but in only 6% (P less than 0.001) when attention was given to hemostasis. Hypertrophy of articular cartilage, chondrocyte cloning, fibrillation, and changes in tangential zone chondrocytes were less prominent in the OA knee when electrocautery and irrigation were used. However, the water content, uronic acid concentration, and rate of net 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan synthesis were similarly increased regardless of the surgical technique used, and presumably, these changes reflect the reaction of joint cartilage to mechanical instability in this model of OA.
Arthritis Rheum 1990 Sep
PMID:Synovitis and osteoarthritic changes in canine articular cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Effect of surgical hemostasis. 240 3

Changes in the cellularity and in the nature of the matrix were studied in the cartilages of the tibial plateau in experimentally induced arthritis in the dog, 7 and 14 days after section of the anterior cruciate ligament. Samples from the different regions of these cartilages were chilled and sectioned in a cryostat, with a variable microtome chuck to allow precise orientation of the specimens. The samples were examined by normal light microscopy, by microscopic interferometry, and by quantitative polarized light microscopy. The orientation of the glycosaminoglycans was assessed by the new "induced birefringence" method. The results indicated that only the region of the medial tibial cartilage that was unprotected by the meniscus was affected, showing increased water content, loss of superficial cells, and a decrease in orientation of the glycosaminoglycans. Whereas the birefringence of the collagen was unaffected, the superficial area that lacked oriented glycosaminoglycans was markedly increased; this may be a useful indicator of early osteoarthritic changes.
 ...
PMID:Altered orientation of glycosaminoglycans and cellular changes in the tibial cartilage in the first two weeks of experimental canine osteoarthritis. 241 92

A large number of herbal drugs are used in the traditional medicine of Saudi Arabia for the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, gout and other forms of inflammation. In the present study seven of these crude drugs, namely Francoeuria crispa, Hammada elegans, Malus pumila, Ruta chalepensis, Smilax sarsaparilla, Achillea fragrantissima and Alpinia officinarum were tested against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. The plant materials were extracted with 96% ethanol. The dried extract was dissolved in water for pharmacological testing. The rats were administered an oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of each extract 1 h prior to production of inflammation by carrageenan injection (0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan suspension in the planter aponeurosis of the right hind foot). The paw volume was measured at 0,2,3 and 4 h after the injection. Four of the seven plants, namely Francoeuria crispa (24%), Malus pumila (23%), Ruta chalepensis (30%) and Smilax sarsaparilla (25%), produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. These plants also inhibited cotton pellet-induced exudation. Further studies are suggested to isolate the active principles and for the determination of the mechanism of action of these drugs.
 ...
PMID:Experimental studies on antirheumatic crude drugs used in Saudi traditional medicine. 259 77

The availability of elastoviscous solutions of highly purified hyaluronan has created two new therapeutic methods in human and veterinary medicine: viscosurgery and viscosupplementation. Viscosurgical tools and implants are widely used in ophthalmology and have been suggested for use in otology. Visco-supplementation of joint fluid using elastoviscous hyaluronan solutions is widely used in the treatment of equine traumatic arthritis. It was also suggested for use in idiopathic osteoarthritis in humans, but this application has not received wide acceptance. Cross-linked forms of hyaluronan have been developed and given the generic name of hylans. Water-insoluble soft gels of hylans are ideally suitable as viscosurgical implants to prevent postoperative adhesions and to control scar formation. Hylan solutions are being used in arthroscopic viscosurgery. Hylan devices in various forms (gels, tubes, membranes) have been used in animal studies for matrix engineering, the purpose of which is to control and direct tissue regeneration and augmentation.
 ...
PMID:Clinical uses of hyaluronan. 268 Mar 47

Mycobacterium marinum causes tuberculosis in fish and shellfish and cutaneous lesions in humans. It is transmitted from fish to humans by inoculation. The case presented involved a nodule on the wrist and was misdiagnosed as arthritis; the nodule was excised. Symptoms of tuberculosis persisted over a 2-year period. This case study can be generalized to a population of workers in the seafood industry, water hobbyists, and fish and shellfish enthusiasts. Education and research is needed to inform and protect populations at high risk for this disease.
 ...
PMID:Case study: mariner's TB. 275 9

Amiprilose HC1 (SM-1213), a nontoxic modified hexose sugar, was evaluated in in vivo and in vitro models of synovitis. In 8 sequential trials, 90 Louvain (LOU) rats and 91 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with chick type II collagen and given amiprilose HC1 in water (1 mg/ml) or water alone. In the LOU rats, the arthritis incidence was 7/46 (15%) in the amiprilose HC1 group vs 16/44 (36%) in the water group (p less than 0.01). In the SD rats, the incidence was 28/46 (60%) in the experimental vs 33/45 (73%) in the control group (p greater than NS), although the prevalence of arthritis on Days 16 and 21 was significantly (p less than 0.03) lower in the experimental group. Amiprilose HC1 did not affect the antibody titers or delayed-type hypersensitivity to collagen, or T cell subset distribution in the LOU experiments. Two analogues, SM-1211 and SM-1212, did not alter this disease. No toxicity was noted. At a nontoxic concentration of 1 mg/ml, amiprilose HC1 suppressed 3H thymidine incorporation in cultured rabbit synovial fibroblasts by 78% and resulted in the appearance of numerous intracytoplasmic granules/vacuoles. These effects were partially antagonized by indomethacin or dexamethasone at 10(-7) M. SM-1211 was inert in this system. Amiprilose HC1 system also reduced rabbit synoviocyte supernatant prostaglandin E2 levels up to 73% in a dose related fashion, but did not affect collagenase activity. These morphologic changes in synoviocytes, combined with anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects, provide evidence that amiprilose HC1 possesses modest and nontoxic antirheumatic properties. A search for analogues of this sugar with more substantial clinical activities is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a modified hexose sugar, amiprilose hydrochloride, in experimental models of synovitis. 278


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>