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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunogenicity and potential for disease modification of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated in a controlled, double-blind study. Forty patients were randomly chosen to receive an intramuscular injection of either vaccine or placebo. Changes in mean antibody concentrations (nanograms antibody nitrogen per milliliter serum) to 12 type-specific pneumococcal capsular antigens from prevaccination to one month after vaccination were 177 to 1045 in the vaccine (P less than 0.001) and 164 to 153 in the placebo-treated patients. In the month after vaccination, neither vaccine nor placebo-treated patients had a significant change in lupus disease activity as assessed by a composite clinical, laboratory, and serologic index. We conclude that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can be successfully immunized with pneumococcal vaccine without detectable alterations of the underlying disease.
Arthritis Rheum 1979 Dec
PMID:A controlled study of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus. 4 10

Metabolic alterations in immature rabbit joint tissue were examined following in vitro and in vivo exposure to the alkylating agents Thiotepa and nitrogen mustard. Brief exposure in vitro to either agent resulted in marked suppression of incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein, RNA, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage, which was partially reversible after Thiotepa exposure. In vivo, nitrogen mustard has little effect on synovium and transient inhibitory effects on cartilage vital processes, whereas Thiotepa caused a prolonged inhibition of synovial metabolism with little effect on cartilage. Autoradiographic localization of labeled agents indicated that synovial tissue and cartilage were readily penetrated by nitrogen mustard, but only a few synovial lining cells and superficial chondrocytes were labeled with 35S-Thiotepa. Furthermore, trypsin significantly reduced labeling of cartilage with 14C-nitrogen mustard. These data suggest that alkylating agents differentially affect metabolic processes in joint tissues in vivo and that with Thiotepa, this interference occurs primarily in the synovium. The degree of interference is apparently dependent upon the time of exposure to the agents and the relative DNA-RNA synthetic activity of the joint tissue.
Arthritis Rheum 1979 Jun
PMID:Acute metabolic effects of nitrogen mustard and thiotepa on rabbit articular cartilage and synovium. 11 Mar 38

Issuing from the present state of the influence of the basic nutritive substances (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and various nutritive factors discussed again and again (cholesterol, erucaic acid, sodium, calcium/magnesium quotient, pressor amines) on the development of the arteriosclerosis, the indididual factors of influence are critically evaluated. The investigations are getting under way, so that ascertained results are standing beside insufficiently claified or open problems, From the abundance of the observations conclusions are drawn which are of significance for practice. Unfavourable influences of nutrition on the factors of risk (hyperlipoproteinaemia, disturbance of the carbohydrate tolerance, hyperuricaemia, hyperalimentation) and on the manifest diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uric arthritis, obesity) of the metabolic syndrome which finally contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis are emphasized. In front of this background a clinically and ambulatorily tested basic metabolic diet is described. About 20% of the energy content (kcal or kJ) of this diet are protein, 35% fat and 45% are carbohydrates. The saturated fatty acids lie below 30%, the manifold saturated fatty acids, however, above 20% of the total fat proportion. The cholesterol content is below 400 mg, the purin-nitrogen below 200 mg, and the sodium content is about 2g per day. This diet can be produced for the treatment of persons with normal weight and overweight in different energetic degradations.
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PMID:[Nutrition and arteriosclerosis]. 70

In albino rats with adjuvant arthritis, the metabolism of skin collagen was studied. This skin samples were taken from 21 to 49 days after the injection of Freund's adjuvant. Glycine-1-C14 was given 5h before sacrifice of the animals. The analyses of skins showed that compared to uninflammed skins, the adjuvant arthritis group had an increase in neutral-salt soluble collagen and acid soluble collagen contents. But the total and insoluble collagen contents were found to be decreased. The incorporation of C14 glycine into skin collagen and the free glycine content of skins were also decreased. There was no significant change in the total nitrogen, RNA and DNA contents of skins. The analyses of urine at weekly intervals showed an increased value of urinary total, free and non-dialysable hydroxyproline in arthritic group. The results suggest that there is an alteration in the metabolism of collagen.
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PMID:Effect of adjuvant-arthritis on collagen metabolism. 73 57

The elimination of calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline and nitrogen was studied in 127 patients with inflammatory joint diseases and )6 healthy controls for 4 days. On the third day, 186 mg of calcium was administered intravenously. Provoked hypercalciuria tests were made in 35 males, 116 females with rheumatiod arthritis (RA), 18 males with ankylosing spondylitis (ASp), 8 postinfectious arthritis (PA) and 18 healthy controls (C). In 120 patients comparison was made between the ratios of eliminated P/hydroxyproline, Ca/hydroxyproline and P/Ca with regards to the results obtained in healthy controls. The kinetics of 47Ca were studied in 7 males with ASp and 4 C. The ratios Ca/P in serum and P/Ca in urine were studied in the same patients and compared with 21 C. The results show that the bone symptomatology of PA manifests itself by elimination of elevated amounts of all of the indicators studied, especially phosphorus. In RA there may be considerable oscillations of flow of urine due to the perspiration of patients. RA differs from decompensated coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis in that the patients eliminate significantly less calcium and phosphorus. Corticosteroids stimulate the elimination of hydroxyproline. Younger patients with RA (25-44) show changes compatible with osteoporosis, older females (45-64) display changes similar to those seen in osteomalacia, the oldest female patient (65-84) appear to have insufficient binding capacity for calcium. The hyposthesis is proposed that at the disease onset RA is characterized by an extremely marked syndrome of osteopathy. ASp is characterized by significantly reduced elimination of hydraxyproline, higher metabolic pool of calcium, lower elimination of calcium in urine and faeces and lower accretion to bone.
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PMID:[Calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline and nitrogen in inflammatory joint diseases]. 84 46

A review of the surface chemistry of bone mineral, hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate is presented. Small-angle x-ray scattering and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements show the magnitude of bone mineral surface to range from 100-200 m-2/g; the synthetic hydroxyapatite surface can vary from 25-200 m-2/g, while synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate ranges in surface from 20-60 m-2/g, according to the respective preparation conditions. The magnitude of heats of adsorption of certain small molecules (CO, Ar, N2, H2O, CH3OH) on bone mineral and hydroxyapatite show that these are polarizing surfaces that form strong bonds with polar or polarizable molecules; water is hydrogen-bonded to these surfaces with energies ranging from 23 kcal/mole for low coverage to 11 kcal/mole after two full monolayers; concomitantly, methanol ranges from 24 kcal/mole to 9 kcal/mole after the adsorption of one and a half monolayers. Stearic acid will close-pack perpendicularly on bone apatite surfaces when adsorbed from cyclohexane solution in a way reminiscent of the adsorption of this long, straight-chain molecule on water surface. It is believed that these molecules are hydrogen-bonded to electronegative ions on the apatite surface. Synthetic hydroxyapatite has long been used in chromatographic adsorption columns because of the specific bonding capacity the surfaces have for certain proteins and polynucleotides. The metabolic interrelationship of bone mineral and the body fluids is in great part dependent upon the nature and magnitude of mineral surface. From the surface studies described herein it was suggested that a chemical linkage could exist in bone between the mineral surface and certain free polar groups of collagen.
Semin Arthritis Rheum 1975 Feb
PMID:The surface chemistry of bone mineral and related calcium phosphates. 109 77

Pathophysiological and therapeutic properties of anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) were investigated. Both anemia and chronic inflammation were induced in rats by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. This study confirmed other earlier data that these anemic rats with AA had reduced serum iron levels and that the anemia was characterized as mild, non-progressive, hypochromic, microcytic. In addition, our studies showed that these anemic rats had slightly but significantly enhanced erythropoietin titers, but not renal failure; there was no significant difference in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in anemic and normal groups. The anemia in rats with AA was improved by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) at 30 and 100 U/kg/day, given i.v. for 5 days. In contrast, iron-chondroitin-sulfate colloid (10 mg/kg/day, i.v. for 5 days) failed to improve the anemia and to enhance the effects of r-HuEPO. These data suggest that anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis is distinguished, pathophysiologically and therapeutically, from iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, and renal anemia.
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PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin, but not iron supplementation, improves anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. 181 58

We conducted followup of 264 patients with definite systemic sclerosis (SSc) who were entered into the multicenter Scleroderma Criteria Cooperative Study (SCCS) during 1973-1977. At the end of the study (average 5.2 years of followup), 38% were known to be alive, 50% were dead (68% of these deaths definitely related to SSc), and 12% were lost to followup. Survival analyses of 484 demographic, clinical, and laboratory items recorded at entry into the SCCS (within 2 years of physician diagnosis of SSc) were performed. Survival declined linearly, and the cumulative survival rate was less than 80% at 2 years, 50% at 8.5 years, and 30% at 12 years after entry. Analysis using combinations of entry variables identifying organ system involvement confirmed that renal, cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal involvement in SSc predicted reduced survival; however, data on organ system involvement at study entry could not be used to consistently predict which organ system would ultimately be involved as the primary cause of death. By survival tree analysis, the individual entry variables best predicting reduced survival included older age (greater than 64 years), reduced renal function (blood urea nitrogen greater than 16 mg/dl), anemia (hemoglobin less than or equal to 11 gm/dl), reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (less than or equal to 50% of predicted), reduced total serum protein level (less than or equal to 6 gm/dl), and reduced pulmonary reserve (forced vital capacity less than 80% with hemoglobin greater than 14 gm/dl or forced vital capacity less than 65% with hemoglobin less than or equal to 14 gm/dl). Cox proportional hazards model analysis confirmed these results. Different combinations of variables led to markedly different survival rates. The poorest prospects for survival were in patients with SSc who were less than or equal to 64 years old with a hemoglobin level less than or equal to 11 gm/dl, and in those greater than 64 years old with a blood urea nitrogen level greater than 16 mg/dl. These results may be useful in predicting individual patients at risk for shortened survival.
Arthritis Rheum 1991 Apr
PMID:Predictors of survival in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). 190 91

Criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa were developed by comparing 118 patients who had this disease with 689 control patients who had other forms of vasculitis. For the traditional format classification, 10 criteria were selected: weight loss greater than or equal to 4 kg, livedo reticularis, testicular pain or tenderness, myalgias, mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy, diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, elevated blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels, presence of hepatitis B reactants in serum, arteriographic abnormality, and presence of granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in an arterial wall on biopsy. The presence of 3 or more of these 10 criteria was associated with a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 86.6%. A classification tree was also constructed, with 6 criteria being selected. Three of these, angiographic abnormality, biopsy-proven granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in arterial wall, and neuropathy, were criteria used in the traditional format. The other 3 criteria used in the tree format included the patient's sex, weight loss greater than 6.5 kg, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase levels above the range of normal. The classification tree yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 89.3%.
Arthritis Rheum 1990 Aug
PMID:The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. 197 74

1. The relationship between phagocytic leucocyte infiltration and cartilage degradation in immune arthritis has been investigated in groups of normal and neutropenic rabbits. 2. Injection of antigen into the knee joints of sensitized control animals induced joint swelling, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, leucocyte accumulation and proteoglycan loss from articular cartilage. 3. Intravenous injection of nitrogen mustard caused a selective depletion of circulating neutrophils and monocytes with little or no effect on platelets or lymphocytes. In neutropenic animals challenged with antigen, there was virtually no joint swelling, PGE2 synthesis or leucocyte infiltration but cartilage proteoglycan loss was unchanged after 1 day and increased by day 4 compared to control animals. 4. The numbers of circulating leucocytes returned to normal 3-4 days after nitrogen mustard treatment and leucocyte infiltration occurred in antigen-challenged joints but this was not accompanied by joint swelling. Subsequent intra-articular injection of PGE2 did, however, cause swelling. 5. Lysosomal enzyme levels in arthritic joint fluids were measured. The levels of beta-glucuronidase, which is released by activated phagocytes, were decreased in neutropenic animals but the levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, which is a marker of tissue damage, were not changed by neutrophil depletion. 6. Intra-articular injections of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced a pattern of leucocyte infiltration and cartilage proteoglycan loss similar to that seen in immune arthritis. In neutropenic animals, IL-1 did not cause significant accumulation of leucocytes in the joint but the loss of proteoglycan from cartilage was unimpaired. 7. These results indicate that both leucocyte infiltration and prostaglandin synthesis are required for joint swelling but that tissue degradation is mediated by resident cells. It is likely that release of IL-1 by synovial cells stimulates the synthesis and activation of metalloproteinases which initiate the process of tissue degradation.
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PMID:Leucocyte infiltration and cartilage proteoglycan loss in immune arthritis in the rabbit. 326 41


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