Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are food-borne enterobacterial pathogens which may initiate rheumatoid diseases. By molecular genetic analysis of the pathogenicity of these species virulence gene loci could be identified on the chromosome and on a plasmid. Plasmid-encoded proteins mediate cell adherence, phagocytosis resistance, survival in serum, cytotoxicity, and collagen binding. Y. enterocolitica of serotype 0:8 is mouse-lethal and arthritogenic for Lewis rats. Mouse lethality is closely associated with the expression of a chromosome-encoded high-affinity iron transport system which enables the pathogen to acquire iron for growth in iron-deficient environments. The antibody response to virulence-associated antigens of arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats differed from that of arthritis-resistant Fisher rats: Lewis rats respond strongly to the collagen-binding protein Yop1 and weakly to the iron-transport receptor protein FyuA, whereas the reverse is found with Fisher rats. This specific antibody response of Lewis rats is suggested to be important for induction of arthritis.
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PMID:Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia infections. 269 28

The effect of acute, subchronic, and chronic experimental models of inflammation upon hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin iron and nonheme iron concentration in the liver and spleen has been studied in the rat. In the acute model (carrageenan oedema) no iron mobilization took place, whereas in the chronic models differences in iron mobilization were observed, related to their different chronicity and to the time elapsed from induction. The carrageenan-induced granuloma (from 12 h to 8 days) (subchronic model) was accompanied by a decrease of plasma iron (12 and 24 h), a later decrease of the hematocrit values (2 and 4 days) and high ferritin and nonheme iron concentrations in the liver and spleen for 4 days, followed by a tendency to return to the control values. The anemia in the adjuvant arthritis (from 1 to 4 weeks after induction) (chronic model) was observed at 7 days and is related to increased iron stores in the liver and spleen. However, the iron store levels in liver decreased and fell later below control values. The increase of ferritin and nonheme iron concentrations may be responsible for the reduced availability of iron release from tissue.
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PMID:Iron mobilization in three animal models of inflammation. 277 92

Mild hypoproliferative anemia with abnormal iron metabolism frequently accompanies chronic inflammation and infection in humans. To determine whether anemia is associated with chronic relapsing arthritis induced by bacterial cell wall polymers, serial determinations of the hematocrit were measured in rats injected intraperitoneally with sonicated peptidoglycan-polysaccharide fragments from group A streptococci. Acute anemia peaked 5 to 10 days after injection, and chronic, spontaneously relapsing anemia persisted for 309 days. 51Cr labeling demonstrated decreased erythrocyte survival, i.e., a half-life of 8.4 days in cell wall-injected rats versus 11.8 days in controls. Erythrocytes were mildly microcytic, and leukocyte counts were elevated during early spontaneous reactivation of arthritis, 15 days after injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. Bone marrow myeloid/erythroid precursor ratios were elevated in arthritic rats (P less than 0.0001). Purified peptidoglycan produced an acute anemia lasting 10 days, while injection of group A streptococcal polysaccharide and mutanolysin-digested cell wall did not affect the hematocrit. The minimal effective dose of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide was 5 micrograms of rhamnose per g (body weight). Serum iron and transferrin levels were decreased in cell wall-injected rats (P less than 0.005) and were closely correlated with hematocrit values and joint inflammatory scores. Stainable iron was increased in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes and unchanged in the bone marrow of cell wall-injected rats. Anemia accompanying chronic, relapsing systemic inflammation induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers appears to be an excellent animal model of the anemia of chronic disease.
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PMID:Protracted anemia associated with chronic, relapsing systemic inflammation induced by arthropathic peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in rats. 278 17

In a series of 28 long-term dialysis patients with musculoskeletal complaints, the radiologic findings in six cases resembled those occurring in the arthropathy of idiopathic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease. These findings included osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and cartilage loss in the metacarpophalangeal joints, patellofemoral joints, wrists, and shoulders. Chondrocalcinosis was present in three of the six cases. There were no significant differences in renal function or levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, iron, ferritin, aluminum, or parathormone between these patients and a control group matched for sex and age. Long-term dialysis may be associated with a metabolic arthritis similar to the arthritis which occurs in CPPD deposition disease. The etiology may include deposition of CPPD crystals, hydroxyapatite, or other calcium-containing substances in joints, or it may be related to a number of dialysis-induced metabolic abnormalities.
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PMID:Radiologic features of a pyrophosphate-like arthropathy associated with long-term dialysis. 282 26

Species such as superoxide radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (.OH), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can be formed in vivo, e.g., by activated phagocytic cells. Generation of .OH from H2O2 in vivo usually involves iron-dependent reactions. Good evidence exists for increased generation of oxidants in vivo in patients with active rheumatoid disease, but the contribution of these oxidants to the disease process is still uncertain. The likelihood that anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of arthritis could act by scavenging oxidants or preventing their formation is discussed.
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PMID:Oxidants, inflammation, and anti-inflammatory drugs. 284 16

In a study on the effects of adjuvant arthritis on copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) metabolism in the rat, most significant changes were observed in the liver and pancreas where arthritis caused a large increase in the concentrations of all three metals. Results also indicated that although arthritis-induced changes in metal concentrations were highly correlated to inflammation and occurred in selected tissues only, these changes were not selective for copper.
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PMID:Effects of adjuvant arthritis on copper, zinc, and iron metabolism in the rat. 291 78

Congenital or acquired conditions directly or indirectly causal in total or partial impairment of manual function are set out. The possibilities for creative-expressive activity, using various techniques, nothwithstanding manual disabilities are pointed out. In Cefischer, who until his war-related loss of both upper limbs had been a renowned cartoonist, a comparison of his works, drawn initially by hand and later with the mouth, reveals his characteristic style of expression having remained the same. Further examples are given of creative expression in the presence of manual disability even under extreme circumstances (such as 11 years of confinement to the Iron Lung). Arts and crafts work of persons with leprosy-related manual handicaps are mentioned; typewriter graphics as a method inaugurated by Basset is presented as used in young people with total manual disability. Partial disability of manual function due to arthritis was present in Renoir, Jawlensky, and Grandma Moses, the course of their conditions is described over time. Contents and form of their pictures, after long years of being manually disabled, do not reveal any essential changes in comparison to their earlier ones.
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PMID:[Creative arts activity in manually handicapped patients]. 293 33

Polycationic labels such as cationized ferritin and colloidal iron were used to evaluate the surface negative charges over the mandibular condyles of ICR mice. The effects of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, pronase, and collagenase on the binding of cationized ferritin and colloidal iron particles to the condylar articular surface were also studied. The results of this study clearly indicate that the surface area of the cartilaginous condyle is negatively charged and that its composition consists mainly of a collagenous material embedded within a proteinaceous matrix. With age, a substantial decrease in the density of negative charges took place along the surface area and, in particular, in the context of sialic acid residues. It is, therefore, possible that the reduction in cartilage surface charge might be associated with the onset of osteoarthritic changes commonly seen in aging humans and experimental animals.
Arthritis Rheum 1985 Jun
PMID:Cartilage surface charge. A possible determinant in aging and osteoarthritic processes. 298 74

Autologous whole blood was injected into the knee joints of rabbits 3 times each week for 12 weeks. The resulting destructive arthritis showed macroscopic and microscopic changes similar to those described in hemophilic arthritis in humans. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that a specific immune response is probably not involved in the pathogenesis of hemophilic arthritis. Detailed histopathologic examinations of knee joints in both the early and the late phase of arthritis revealed an obvious synovial and cartilage iron load, in the absence of inflammatory changes. The implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of destructive cartilage changes are discussed.
Arthritis Rheum 1988 Sep
PMID:Mechanisms of joint damage in an experimental model of hemophilic arthritis. 304 75

Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most common cause of iron overload in adults and is probably the second most common cause of iron overload in children in the United States next to transfusional overload. Serious morbidity from this disorder of iron absorption can occur in early as well as in middle and advanced age, iron overload having been reported in children with hereditary hemochromatosis as early as 2 years of age. Younger persons differ from older persons in that the risk for iron loading in females appears to be equal to the risk for males, in contrast to a preponderance of males among older patients. Also, younger patients frequently demonstrate cardiac and gonadal involvement, with cardiac failure commonly leading to death, whereas older patients are more likely to have liver involvement and diabetes mellitus, with liver failure and hepatoma commonly leading to death. Because early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the toxicities of iron overload, appropriate screening can be lifesaving. Transferrin saturation is the most reliable screening test. Liver biopsy with objective measurement of hepatic iron stores is the most important diagnostic criterion at present, although reliable noninvasive methods for quantitating body iron are being developed. Young individuals who should be screened for iron overload include patients with cardiac myopathies, hypogonadism, amenorrhea, loss of libido, diabetes mellitus, other endocrine disorders, cirrhosis of the liver, and arthritis, as well as the siblings, parents, and children of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis or iron loading of unknown cause.
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PMID:Hereditary hemochromatosis in children, adolescents, and young adults. 305 60


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