Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The joint tissues from 36 rhesus (age 2-5 years) infected with SIV/Delta were graded into four groups and then correlated with the following systemic immunologic parameters: numbers of CD4+, CD4+ plus CD29+, and CD20+ cells and SIV/Delta antigenemia. Grade I (n = 16) consisted of normal synovial membrane; grade II (n = 8) consisted of synovial hyperplasia; grade III (n = 8) consisted of a mononuclear cell infiltrate, and grade IV (n = 4) consisted of synovial membrane infiltration of syncytial cell and mononuclear type cells. Synovial membranes from 20 uninfected age-matched rhesus were compared with infected animals and were graded 1. Immunostaining of the tissue phase lymphocytes and viral antigen was performed using monoclonal antibodies commercially available and a monoclonal antibody produced against a core protein of the SIV/Delta agent. SIV/Delta infection resulted in a reduction in cells doubly stained for CD4+ and CD29+ and a relative increase in CD8+ stained cells. A significant (ANOVA) difference was not observed in CD4+, CD4+ plus CD29+, CD8+, or CD20+ among the various grades of arthritis. Viral antigen was demonstrated in syncytial cells of the grade IV reaction. This finding suggests that the SIV/Delta arthritis is a primary viral reaction.
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PMID:Arthritis in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV/DELTA). 175 9

Two groups of chronically ill patients, alike in some respects of psychological stress and physical limitations but differing in degrees of physical threat to life because of treatment, were compared in terms of quality of life. Twenty patients undergoing hemodialysis at a satellite center and 20 patients with severe osteoarthritis receiving care at a hospital clinic, ranging in age from 40 to 60 years, were randomly selected and asked to rate themselves on Cantril's self-anchoring scale in relation to pase, present, and future life satisfaction. An ANOVA for simple main effects indicated that patients undergoing hemodialysis viewed present life satisfaction significantly higher, F = 4.81, p less than .05, than did patients with arthritis. Expectation for greater life satisfaction tended to be slightly better for dialysis patients, but not significantly so; past life satisfaction was the same for both groups. Dialysis patients viewed their present life better than past life, whereas arthritis patients had the opposite viewpoint. The increased life satisfaction among dialysis patients may be the result of an increased sense of physical well-being because of the dialysis procedure, and chronic pain may be a factor in the decreased life satisfaction among arthritis patients.
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PMID:Satisfaction with life for patients undergoing hemodialysis and patients suffering from osteoarthritis. 690 Nov 90

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of children afflicted with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were evaluated with clinical examinations and computed tomography (CT). Thirty-seven consecutive patients (6-17 years old) from the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital arthritis clinic were studied to investigate morphological abnormalities in the TMJ by CT. Both qualitative and quantitative measures of TMJ morphology were made from axial CT scans. Ten children without JRA served as a control group. Various ANOVA and nonparametric statistical models were used for analysis. Evidence of TMJ abnormalities from the CTs was found in 62% of these JRA children. The TMJ pathosis indices for left and right joints were significantly higher in the JRA subjects than those in the control children (P < 0.03) and joint spaces were narrower (P < 0.02). These features are indicative of TMJ destruction. Thus, there is considerable risk for TMJ involvement and its debilitating and deforming sequelae in children afflicted with JRA.
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PMID:The temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: I. Computed tomographic findings. 789 3

Insulin secretory reserve assessed by the method of glucose potentiation of arginine induced insulin secretion is decreased in non-diabetic transplant recipients using triple immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. To determine whether this defect is due to the combined therapy or to a single agent, we examined the acute insulin response (AIR) to arginine at 5 levels of glucose (basal and 4 levels achieved by continuous glucose infusions) in 7 normoglycemic arthritis patients (AP) using long term prednisone (10.3 +/- 37 mg for 83 +/- 37 months), and 4 normoglycemic psoriasis patients (PP) using long term cyclosporine (350 +/- 61 mg for 25 +/- 4 months) and compared them with matched healthy controls (CON). Long-term cyclosporine (ANOVA p = 0.016 compared to control subjects) but not prednisone treatment decreased insulin secretory reserve. We conclude that cyclosporine might have an adverse effect on beta-cell function and contribute to posttransplant diabetes.
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PMID:[The effect of long-term cyclosporin and prednisone therapy on insulin secretory reserve]. 797 37

This study had two aims, first, to determine the expectancies of control over pain experience ('pain locus of control') of patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) and to compare them with other chronic rheumatic diseases. Second, to analyse the relationships between health status and locus of control. We applied the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control-Pain and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS), by interviewing 137 out patients (32 PFS, 32 RA, 20 SLE, 22 AS and 31 OA). Data were analysed by ANOVA and partial correlation tests. PFS patients believed that their symptoms depended on uncontrollable events and that they could not influence their disease by themselves. PFS patients were the most disabled on the 'Affect' (P < or = 0.001) and 'Symptom' factors (P < or = 0.01). In the PFS group, patients who showed a 'Fate' locus of control orientation reported more disability on 'Affect' and 'Social Interaction' AIMS factors.
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PMID:Patients' beliefs about their lack of pain control in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. 850 85

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a chronic systemic disease of childhood that affects synovial joints including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Individuals with JRA of the TMJ frequently show aberrations in mandibulofacial development. Since the basis for these developmental perturbations is poorly understood, they remain a perplexing clinical problem to manage. To begin dissecting the mechanisms for altered craniofacial development in JRA of the TMJ, we characterized the gross morphologic adaptations in the facial skeleton in a juvenile animal model of TMJ arthritis. Arthritis was induced in ten 87-day-old male rabbits by intra-articular challenge with ovalbumin. Eight sham-challenged and 4 unchallenged rabbits were used as controls. Serial lateral head cephalograms, taken at 73 (T1), 87 (T2), 108 (T3), 129 (T4), and 150 (T5) days of age, were evaluated by linear measures of maxillary, mandibular, and posterior dental height dimensions. Differences in the absolute dimensions and relative percent incremental changes were compared by ANOVA and Fisher's test. The body weights, as well as the absolute measures and incremental changes in maxillary and posterior dental height dimensions, were not significantly different between the antigen-challenged and control groups. In contrast, absolute measures of posterior mandibular height, condylar neck height, and total mandibular length were significantly smaller (P < 0.05) in antigen-challenged rabbits than in both control groups at T5. Furthermore, the antigen-challenged rabbits demonstrated significantly smaller (P < 0.05) relative increases in all measures of mandibular length, and in total posterior mandibular and condylar neck heights. Cephalometric superimpositions on the cranial base and tantalum implants confirmed these quantitative observations. This investigation demonstrates mandibulofacial developmental aberrations in experimental JRA-like disease of the TMJ that are similar to those observed in humans with this disease.
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PMID:Mandibulofacial adaptations in a juvenile animal model of temporomandibular joint arthritis. 1043 30

1. Synovial fluid drains out of joints through an interstitial pathway. Hyaluronan, the major polysaccharide of synovial fluid, attenuates this fluid drainage; it creates a graded opposition to outflow that increases with pressure (outflow 'buffering'). This has been attributed to size-related molecular reflection at the interstitium-fluid interface. Chain length is reduced in inflammatory arthritis. We therefore investigated the dependence of outflow buffering on hyaluronan chain length. 2. Hyaluronan molecules of mean molecular mass approximately 2200, 530, 300 and 90 kDa and concentration 3.6 mg ml-1 were infused into the knees of anaesthetized rabbits, with Ringer solution as control in the contralateral joint. Trans-synovial drainage rate was recorded at known joint pressures. Pressure was raised in steps every 30-60 min (range 2-24 cmH2O). 3. With hyaluronan-90 and hyaluronan-300 the fluid drainage rate was reduced relative to Ringer solution (P < 0.001, ANOVA) but increased steeply with pressure. The opposition to outflow, defined as the pressure required to drive unit outflow, did not increase with pressure, i.e. there was no outflow buffering. 4. With hyaluronan-530 and hyaluronan-2000 the fluid drainage rate became relatively insensitive to pressure, causing a near plateau of flow. Opposition to outflow increased markedly with pressure, by up to 3.3 times over the explored pressures. 5. Hyaluronan concentration in the joint cavity increased over the drainage period, indicating partial reflection of hyaluronan by synovial interstitium. Reflected fractions were 0.12, 0.33, 0.25 and 0.79 for hyaluronan-90, -300, -530 and -2200, respectively. 6. Thus the flow-buffering effect of hyaluronan depended on chain length, and shortening the chains reduced the degree of molecular reflection. The latter should reduce the concentration polarization at the tissue interface, and hence the local osmotic pressure opposing fluid drainage. In rheumatoid arthritis the reduced chain length will facilitate the escape of hyaluronan and fluid.
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PMID:Role of hyaluronan chain length in buffering interstitial flow across synovium in rabbits. 1089 12

Although most older adults report one or more symptoms of a chronic health problem, little attention has been paid to the report of these symptoms over time and whether different symptom patterns affect well-being and symptom management in community-dwelling elders. Therefore, this study examined whether community-dwelling older adults in Ohio, U.S.A. who experience consistently recurring (a) arthritis or (b) cardiopulmonary symptoms report more depression and worse self-assessed health and show more symptom management than those who report inconsistent symptoms and if there are differences in well-being and symptom management over time. This secondary analysis used longitudinal data collected from a random sample of 387 older adults who reported their health complaints in four interviews over 27 months time. Subjects were included in this analysis if they reported either arthritis (n = 321) or cardiopulmonary (n = 232) symptoms at one or more times during 27 months, and then were classified as having either consistent (occurring at all four time points) or intermittent/inconsistent (occurring at three or fewer time points) symptoms. Data analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results indicate that those with consistent symptoms reported greater depression and worse self-assessed health than those with less consistent symptoms. Specifically, those with consistent cardiopulmonary symptoms became more depressed over time. Those with consistent cardiopulmonary complaints were more likely than those with an inconsistent pattern to use an illness label to describe their symptoms. Those with consistent arthritis symptoms tended to use more self-care at all time points, to label their symptoms as an illness, and were more likely to consult a physician as their symptoms persisted. The implications of symptom recurrence on well-being, symptom management and the concept chronicity are discussed.
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PMID:Recurrent symptoms: well-being and management. 1132 44

Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in rats is an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have previously identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which regulate arthritis development using a cross between the susceptible DA strain and the resistant E3 strain of rats (Pia2-8). In the present study the inbred rat strain LEW.1F was used as the susceptible strain in a cross with the E3 strain. The results confirmed the locus Pia4 on chromosome 12, which previously was shown to be associated with PIA, and also with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, in crosses between the rat strains E3 and DA. On chromosome 1, linked to the albino locus, we identified a novel QTL, Pia9 in the LEW.F1 cross. This locus was associated with arthritis severity in the early phase of disease. A locus on chromosome 16, denoted Pia11, was also associated with arthritis severity in the early phase of the disease. A suggestive locus was detected on chromosome 14, which was associated with arthritis severity at the time when PIA progresses into a chronic phase. Using a congenic LEW.1F strain, which carries E3 alleles at the Pia9 locus, we confirmed that the E3 allele significantly suppresses arthritis severity during the early phase of the disease. The results revealed synergistic effects between different susceptibility loci using ANOVA analysis. These interactions were influenced by gender. Rats with Pia9 alleles from LEW.1F and Pia11 alleles from E3, were shown to suffer from much more severe arthritis in the early stage of the disease. On the other hand, the Pia9 and the suggestive locus on chromosome 14 affected only males during the chronic phase of the disease. These findings provide clues to how genetic factors by themselves, and in interaction with each other, regulate the development of a disease, which displays many similarities to RA.
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PMID:Both common and unique susceptibility genes in different rat strains with pristane-induced arthritis. 1211 42

Experimental inflammatory arthritis (EIA) produced by carrageenan injection provokes a rapid bone remodeling state with cortical and cancellous bone loss. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in cortical mechanical properties and/or geometry occur in long bones, either near or remote to the site of inflammation. EIA was induced in the right tibio-femoral joint of rabbits over 56 days. The right humerus and right femur from 15 normal and 25 arthritis group animals were excized. Semi-cylindrical specimens of the medial cortical shaft were subjected to non-destructive four-point bending tests. Transverse sections at the four contact sites of the loading jig were photographed and digitized to obtain average cross-sectional area (A) and moment of inertia (I). Moment of inertia and slope of the load/deflection curve permitted calculation of modulus of elasticity (E) for each specimen. Load/time curves were also used to calculate per cent stress remaining in relaxation experiments. Per cent stress remaining, E, A, I and square root of I/A (radius of gyration) were examined for differences by bone (humerus, femur) and by treatment (N,A) using two way ANOVA. The induction of inflammatory arthritis did not significantly alter the modulus of elasticity in either the femur or humerus; however, arthritis reduced the moment of inertia from 34.54 +/- 2.88 x 10(-12) m4 to 25.06+/-1.80 x 10(-12) m4 (mean+/-SEM, p < 0.05). This was observed in the femur (near the arthritic joint), but not in the humerus (remote from arthritic joint). Analysis of area and ratio I/A demonstrated that this geometric effect of treatment was due to reduced area without gross cross-sectional shape changes. Per cent stress remaining in the femur (but not in the humerus) was higher in the arthritis specimens than in the normal specimens (N: 80.86 < 0.97%; A: 83.25 +/- 0.71%, p < 0.05). Thus, in this arthritis model, the principal mechanical or geometric effect on cortical bone was reduction of the cross-sectional area and moment of inertia. The viscoelastic relaxation response of bone was also altered, perhaps due to loss of water or collagen degradation.
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PMID:Conservation of the elastic and flexural moduli of osteopenic femoral cortical bone in experimental inflammatory arthritis in the rabbit. 1534 86


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