Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) is an experimental model of inflammatory joint disease in the rat which mimics rheumatoid arthritis. Although paw inflammation (e.g., swelling) is commonly used to monitor the efficacy of antiarthritic drugs, a reduction in locomotor function may provide a more sensitive evaluation of "functional disability" in AA rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary therapy with prednisolone or ibuprofen on locomotor activity as well as arthritic symptoms in established AA (days 20-42). AA rats demonstrated an increase in arthritis scores, spleen weights, fibrinogen, and WBC along with a reduction in locomotor function. Prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) exhibited a positive therapeutic effect on all these parameters. Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg/day) consistently lowered arthritis scores and fibrinogen; however, locomotor function only improved on day 35. In conclusion, the measurement of locomotor activity in concert with other experimental parameters may provide a more meaningful evaluation of disease severity or improvement in AA.
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PMID:The pharmacologic evaluation of locomotor activity versus inflammatory parameters in rat adjuvant arthritis. 827 68

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) is a rare systemic disease of unknown origin that is characterized by a proliferation of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Such changes in the synovium can result in a destructive arthritis, although the mechanism of arthritis in MR is poorly understood. In this paper we present three cases of MR with arthritis. In all three cases, articular symptoms preceded to skin lesions. Articular manifestations of MR were similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis; bilateral symmetric involvement, marginal erosions, and severely destructive arthritis in one case. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsies of the cutaneous nodules and the synovial tissues of the knee joints. A light microscopic examination of the synovial tissue revealed a proliferation of histiocytes with multinucleated giant forms in the synovial stroma. Further, in one case, a proliferation of synoviocytes with a stratification of lining cells and small vessels were found in the synovium. Prednisolone was administered to all cases, though, the responses were not satisfactory. Further investigation about their clinical courses is necessary.
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PMID:[Three cases of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with arthritis]. 849 87

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) modulates inflammatory processes in models of acute inflammation and in models of sepsis/septic shock/adult respiratory-distress syndrome (ARDS). Because this neuropeptide inhibits actions of cytokines and other mediators of imflammation that are also believed to underlie aspects of chronic inflammation, tests were performed to compare the effects of repeated administration of the peptide with those of prednisolone and saline on the development of adjuvant arthritis in rats. alpha-MSH (50 micrograms), injected i.p. twice daily, markedly inhibited the clinical and histological signs of experimental arthritis and moderated the weight loss observed in control animals. Prednisolone (100 mg/kg), given twice per day, prevented development of arthritis but caused marked and progressive weight loss. The results confirm the potent anti-inflammatory influence of alpha-MSH, in this case in a model of chronic inflammation that has immune components.
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PMID:The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits experimental arthritis in rats. 852 82

Glucocorticosteroids (GC) are widely used as anti-inflammatory agents. The effects of Prednisolone on the development of Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi-induced clinical arthritis and organ inflammation was studied in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The drug was administered orally at a dose of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, starting shortly before experimental infection of the mice. A dose dependent inhibition of arthritic joint swelling was observed. Full protection was obtained with 30 mg/kg until 21 days after infection, subsequently, mild joint swelling developed but progression and severity of the disease was considerably less than in the other treated as well as in the untreated mice. Inhibition of clinical arthritis coincided with reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration in the joints, liver and muscle. Prednisolone was ineffective when application was initiated after arthritis was fully developed, i.e., 22 days after infection. Since the activated endothelium plays a critical role in development of inflammatory lesions, the expression of the cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was determined in vitro using the bEnd3 endothelial cell line. Stimulation with a sonicated B. burgdorferi preparation in the presence of the water-soluble compound Prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate considerably reduced expression of ICAM-1, and marginally also of E-selectin, whereas the level of P-selectin and VCAM-1 remained unaltered. Thus, downregulation of ICAM-1 might be a critical factor in Prednisolone-mediated inhibition of B. burgdorferi-induced inflammation; the flare up of the disease after the initial protection indicates that additional therapy, e.g. with antibiotics, is necessary.
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PMID:Prednisolone reduces experimental arthritis, and inflammatory tissue destruction in SCID mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. 893 6

Adult onset Still's disease was first reported by Bywaters in 1971. It is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by spiking fever, macular rash and polyarthritis. Although the prognosis is generally good, severe cases have been published. They include those with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemophagocytosis, amyloidosis and respiratory failure. Among them, DIC is not uncommon. Prednisolone in a dose of 20-60 mg/day is required when patients fail to respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or when they are accompanied by complications including pleuritis, pericarditis, liver dysfunction, severe arthritis and DIC. Recently, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and immunosuppressive agents including cyclophosphamide and methotrexate have been shown to be effective for alleviating refractory cases and chronic arthritis.
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PMID:[Adult Still's disease]. 1007 10

Septilin a proprietary herbal preparation has been reported to have wound healing and immunomodulatory properties. The present study was, therefore, designed to ascertain the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of septilin in rats and mice by oral route. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using acute (carrageenan-induced paw oedema), sub-acute (cotton pellet granuloma) and chronic (Freund's adjuvant induced-arthritis) models of inflammation. Administration of septilin in a dose of 500 mg/kg orally produced significant anti-inflammatory effect in all experimental models of inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect was more in chronic model when compared to reference standard drug (Prednisolone). Septilin (500 mg/kg) produced significant analgesic effect on tall flick test. However, the effect was less when compared to morphine (5 mg/kg) but when septilin was combined with subanalgesic dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) the analgesic effect was more than the either drug given alone. On GAA induced writhing test septilin produced significant analgesic effect at a dose of 750 mg/kg which was comparable to diclofenac (50 mg/kg). However, subanalgesic dose of septilin (500 mg/kg) when combined with diclofenac (25 mg/kg), analgesic effect was enhanced significantly.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of herbal preparation: septilin. 1166 89

We report a 74-year-old man suffering from mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) accompanied by a lymphoid follicle in muscle pathology. He showed proximal muscle weakness and arthritis in finger joints. His laboratory findings were characteristic of MCTD. Prednisolone administration favorably improved his symptoms. A lymphoid follicle is a rare pathological finding in inflammatory myopathies. The immunohistochemical findings suggest that the lymphoid follicle would be involved in the specific role for the pathogenesis of MCTD.
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PMID:A case of mixed connective tissue disease showing a lymphoid follicle in muscle pathology. 1456 39

Biomarker quantification in disease tissues from animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can help to provide insights into the mechanisms of action of novel therapeutic agents. In this study we validated the kinetics of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels in joints from DBA/1OlaHsd murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and Lewis rat Streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Prednisolone was used as a reference to investigate any correlation between clinical response and cytokine levels at selected time-points. To our knowledge this is the first report showing a close pattern of expression between mRNA and protein for IL-1beta and IL-6, but not for TNF-alpha, in these two models of RA. The kinetics of expression for these biomarkers suggested that the optimal sampling time-points to study the effect of compounds on both inflammation and cytokine levels were day 4 postonset in CIA and day 3 after i.v challenge in SCW-induced arthritis. Prednisolone reduced joint swelling through a mechanism associated with a reduction in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression levels. At the investigated time points, protein levels for TNF-alpha in arthritic joints were lower than the lower limit of detection of the ELISA, whereas mRNA levels for this cytokine were reliably detected. These observations suggest that RT-PCR TaqMan is a sensitive technique that can be successfully applied to the quantification of mRNA levels in rodent joints from experimental arthritis models providing insights into mechanisms of action of novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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PMID:Joint cytokine quantification in two rodent arthritis models: kinetics of expression, correlation of mRNA and protein levels and response to prednisolone treatment. 1519 45

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of small-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) in combination with essential drugs used in early rheumatic arthritis (RA) on the clinical and laboratory activity and progression of joint destruction. Sixty-two patients aged 18-63 years who had active RA (its history being 1.5 to 24 months) and had not received basic therapy before were given methotrexate (MT) in a dose of 7.5-10.0 mg/week. Prednisolone (P) was randomly used in a dose equal or more than 10 mg/day). The efficiency of treatment was evaluated every 3 months by the ACR criteria 20/50/70. X-ray study of the hand and foot joints (the Larsen procedure by erosion calculations) was performed and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and 12 months after therapy. In the MT group, the patients' mean age was 52.0 +/- 10.5 years, the history of RA was 8.4 +/- 6.8 months; 82% of the patients were seropositive in terms of rheumatoid factor; the DAS 28 index was 5.2 +/- 0.8; in the P+MT group, the above parameters were 51.9 +/- 11. 7 years, 9.1 +/- 6.0 months, 83%, and 5.4 +/- 0.8, respectively (p > 0.05). Throughout one-year follow-up, the patients whose parameters corresponded to ACR 70 were more in the P+MT group than in the MT group (p < 0.05). The level of IL-6 and C-RP significantly decreased only in the P+MT group. There was a significant in the Larsen scores in both groups. A much fewer number of new erosions was revealed in the P+MT group than that in the MT group. According to the ACR 70 criteria, the efficiency of treatment with small-dose GCs was much higher than that in MT monotherapy. The small doses of GCs significantly lowered the laboratory activity of RA (C-RP, IL-6) and the occurrence of erosions.
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PMID:[Effect of small-dose glucocorticoids on the course of early rheumatic arthritis]. 1554 Apr 21

The uneventful response to chemotherapy in leprosy is marked by clinically disturbing episodes encountered in 20-30% of patients and these phenomena are called "reactions". Generally they are classified as reversal reaction (type-1) and erythema nodosum leprosum (type-2). The cutaneous menifestations are: (1) Type-2 reactions in LL, BL types constituting erythema nodosum leprosum, erythema multiforme, erythema necroticans, subcutaneous nodules, lepromatous exacerbation. (2) Type-1 reactions in borderline and tuberculoid leprosy. The other manifestations include: Acute neuritis, lymphadenitis, arthritis, oedema of the hands and feet, ocular lesions, etc. Sequelae of reactions are: Paralytic deformities, non-paralytic deformities, extensive scarring and renal damage. A simple guideline to identify the risk-prone cases has been narrated. Prednisolone in standard dosage schedule as recommended by WHO is now being widely used in control programmes.
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PMID:Reactions and their management. 1587 53


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