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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis the effects of prednisolone and L-thyroxine on the changes in collagen metabolism were investigated both in the skin and tendon during the acute and chronic phase of the arthritis. In untreated animals with adjuvant-induced arthritis, a decrease in the collagen synthesis accompanied by an increase in the catabolism of collagen and a retardation in the conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen were noted both in the skin and tendon during the course of the disease. Prednisolone was found to accelerate the conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen and to inhibit the enhanced catabolism of collagen in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. L-Thyroxine accelerated the conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats more effectively than prednisolone but was less effective with regard to the inhibition of enhanced catabolism of collagen. However, the synthesis of collagen in adjuvant-induced arthritis was improved by both prednisolone and L-thyroxine.
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PMID:Influence of prednisolone and L-thyroxine on the changes in collagen metabolism in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. 54 73

A detailed evaluation has been made of the radiological changes occurring in the hindfeet of rats with adjuvant arthritis from 0 to 50 days after injection with Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). The results were compared with concomitant foot swelling and the presence of histopathological abnormalities at the end of the experiment. In addition, the effects of oral administration of prednisolone and indomethacin administered either from one day before injection with FCA to 21 days afterwards, or from 21 to 35 days after injection with FCA, has been investigated on all these changes. The main radiological changes were osteoporosis of the tarsals and metatarsals, erosions of the tarsals and periosteal reactions in the metatarsals which were visible on day 10 and progressed up until 21-24 days after injection with FCA. Cystic fibrosis was noted in the metatarsals on day 14 and in the tibia, fibula and tarsals on day 21 and progressed to become the dominant abnormality by day 35. Cystic fibrosis and subsequent calcification, which was apparent on day 35, were the main features of the disease when the animals were killed on day 50. 10 and 30 mg/kg prednisolone and 0.3 and 3 mg/kg indomethacin both reduced the total X-ray score when administered either from day - 1 to 21, or from day 21-35, but did not at any time inhibit the osteoporosis or erosions. Their effect was mainly on preventing the cystic fibrosis and calcification which occurred later in the disease. Prednisolone and indomethacin also reduced the periosteal reaction when administered from one day before injection with FCA, but they were inactive in this respect when dosing was started on day 21 when the periosteal reaction was well established. Therefore, the results suggest that prednisolone and indomethacin inhibit the later sequelae of the disease and do not interfere with either the initial events or the disease process itself. There was a good correlation between the toal X-ray score, foot size and total histopathology score at the end of the experiment, and also an apparent correlation between total X-ray score and foot size throughout the experiment. Although this suggests that foot size is sufficient to indicate the overall reaction in adjuvant arthritis, X-ray analysis may detect clinically useful anti-rheumatoid activity which might not be evident from measurements of foot size alone.
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PMID:An X-ray analysis of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. The effect of prednisolone and indomethacin. 87 Oct 90

The optimum conditions for the induction of antigen-induced arthritis in the rat have been studied. Two immunisations with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) (0.5 mg) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) containing 0.375 mg Mycobacterium tuberculosis followed by an intra-articular injection of mBSA (0.5 mg) led to the production of a chronic, erosive arthritis. The development of the arthritis was associated with the appearance of T lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells in the synovium. Male and female animals were equally susceptible to the disease. Prednisolone, indomethacin and methotrexate inhibited the development of the arthritis but ibuprofen and D-penicillamine were without any significant effect.
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PMID:Characterisation and pharmacological sensitivity of antigen arthritis induced by methylated bovine serum albumin in the rat. 150 82

It is reported on a 48-year-old woman suffering from a multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Most trouble in this case is caused by severe arthritis, which could not be stopped by various therapy schedules. The actual treatment is the combination of Prednisolone, Chloroquine, Ibuprofen and roentgenotherapy of the hands.
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PMID:[Multicenter reticulohistiocytosis. A contribution to clinical aspects and therapy]. 275 16

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays an important role in the turnover of glutathione and protein biosynthesis. Because in inflammation both catabolic and anabolic steps are activated together with migration of cells, an alteration in gamma-GT activity was postulated to occur at the site of inflammation with the development of the inflammatory process. We discovered that gamma-GT activity was increased markedly at sites of inflammation produced in several ways in rats. A significant increase in enzyme activity appeared soon after the induction of inflammation. In carrageenin-induced acute inflammation, the paw tissue attained a 3- to 4-fold increase in enzyme activity within 4 hr; in established adjuvant arthritis, a 20- to 24-fold increase over its basal activity occurred in the rat paw tissue. The specific enzyme activity was 20-22 nmoles/min/mg protein in the cellular sediment of carrageenin-induced pleural exudate. In cotton granulomatous tissue it was 5- to 6-fold higher compared to the enzyme activity of the skeletal muscles. The in vivo increase in gamma-GT activity was prevented from occurring in proportion to the anti-inflammatory potencies of the test drugs given orally. The prevention of enzyme activity was observed with indomethacin in carrageenin-induced edematous paw tissue and with phenylbutazone in both adjuvant arthritis and carrageenin-induced pleural exudate. Prednisolone was observed to be the most potent drug against cotton granuloma. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were not found to affect enzyme activity in vitro when incubated with cellular infiltrate from a cotton pellet granuloma. Differences in certain physico-chemical characteristics, viz. stability at 50 degrees, pH dependency and effects of solvents, were not discernible in between the enzyme activities of the untreated and edematous paw tissues. The studies thus suggest that measurement of gamma-GT in inflammation may prove to be a valuable biochemical marker for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of drugs in vivo.
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PMID:gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase: a novel biochemical marker in inflammation. 287 69

The model of antigen-induced monoarticular arthritis in BALB/c mice, originally described by Brackertz et al. (1), has been examined with regard to disease pathogenesis and the activities of established antirheumatic agents. The acute phase of the arthritis, up to 7 days after intra-articular (IA) challenge, was characterized by intense polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into the challenged joint, synovial lining cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, accumulation of mononuclear cells within the subsynovial tissue, and pannus formation. Erosions of articular cartilage and bone commenced 7-14 days after IA challenge and progressed with time. Chronic synovitis was still evident 56 days after IA challenge. Prednisolone at 1 and 5 mg/kg, when administered against an established arthritis (dosing days 14-42), suppressed the histopathological changes. A similar level of suppression was observed when prednisolone was administered from days 0-42, indicating that the drug had no additional effect on the development phase of the arthritis. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) indomethacin, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen failed to suppress either the established or developing disease. Daily treatment with D-penicillamine, tiopronin or chloroquine on days 14-42 had no significant effect on the arthritis; treatment with either D-penicillamine or chloroquine on days 0-56 was also ineffective. When administered on days 14-42 or 0-42 neither gold thiomalate nor auranofin were able to suppress the erosive changes. Sulphasalazine (10-30 mg/kg) suppressed the arthritis whereas sulphapyridine was inactive. Azathioprine (20 mg/kg) suppressed the erosive changes when administered over days 14-42 or 0-42; this activity was associated with toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies on the effects of pharmacological agents on antigen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. 289 May 5

Sex hormones have important effects on bone, especially in postmenopausal women. These hormones may be of particular significance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who have a high frequency of osteoporosis. To examine this, we measured estrogen and androgen concentrations and bone mineral density (BMD) in 49 postmenopausal women with RA and 49 normal postmenopausal women. Compared with the controls, postmenopausal RA patients had significantly reduced levels of estrone (median 18 pmoles/liter versus 49; P less than 0.001), dehydroepiandosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (median 0.3 mumoles/liter versus 2.0; P less than 0.001), testosterone (median 0.6 nmoles/liter versus 0.95; P less than 0.001), and femoral BMD (mean 0.72 gm/cm2 versus 0.80; P less than 0.002). Prednisolone therapy in 22 patients (mean dosage 8 mg/day) was associated with reductions in estrone and testosterone levels; however, DHEAS and femoral BMD were also decreased in RA patients who were not receiving corticosteroids. Reduced DHEAS levels in postmenopausal women with RA may increase their risk of osteoporosis.
Arthritis Rheum 1988 Aug
PMID:Sex hormone status and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. 297 Feb 63

We demonstrated previously that variables of macrophage activation are associated with the development and progression of the arthritic lesion in the model of adjuvant induced arthritis. This association was investigated further by assessing the ability of antiarthritic agents to modulate variables of macrophage activation in direct comparison to effects on the arthritic lesion. Whereas indomethacin effectively reduced hindpaw edema, it had no significant effect on Ia expression or on any measurement of activation. Prednisolone inhibited hindpaw edema and the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by splenic macrophages. Only methotrexate inhibited hindpaw edema and all variables of macrophage activation (PGE2 and IL-1 production, cyanine dye accumulation) as well as the influx of Ia positive macrophages into synovial tissue.
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PMID:Methotrexate inhibits macrophage activation as well as vascular and cellular inflammatory events in rat adjuvant induced arthritis. 326 50

To assess mechanisms that cause generalized osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of 111 patients with RA. BMD was significantly reduced at both sites in these patients. Physical activity correlated significantly with BMD in patients with RA, and was found, by multiple regression analysis, to be a significant predictor of femoral bone density in female patients. Multiparity exerted a protective effect on lumbar bone density. Prednisolone (mean dosage 8 mg/day) was not associated with significantly increased bone loss in women, whereas higher dosages in men (mean 10.3 mg/day) were associated with increased lumbar bone loss. Reduced physical activity leading to a form of disuse osteoporosis appears to be an important factor in axial bone loss in RA.
Arthritis Rheum 1987 Jul
PMID:Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. 361 59

SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone was investigated for their effects on the adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats. SA96 given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg inhibited the inflammation of adjuvant treated foot and untreated foot and the increase of serum Cu concentration which followed the development of adjuvant arthritis, but 2 mg/kg had no effect. Indomethacin given orally at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg or prednisolone given orally at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg also inhibited the adjuvant arthritis. Prednisolone suppressed the decrease of A/G ratio. Indomethacin and prednisolone, however, had no effects on the increase of serum Cu concentration. SA96 at a dose of 10 mg/kg in combination with indomethacin was more effective than the treatment of each drug alone on inflammation of adjuvant treated and untreated foot, serum Cu concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and A/G ratio. The combination of SA96 at a dose of 2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg with prednisolone had similar synergistic effects towards the adjuvant arthritis in rats.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (SA96). V. Effects of SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone on adjuvant arthritis in rats]. 387 26


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