Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six of 43 patients (60.5%) with classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) participating in a controlled, prospective study were found to have maximal midexpiratory flow rates (MMEFs) suggestive of obstructive pulmonary disease. Cigarette smokers with RA had significantly lower MMEFs than either nonsmokers with RA or smokers with degenerative joint disease. There was an increased prevalence of the Pi phenotype MS among the RA patients. Interstitial fibrosis, tobacco smoking, and protease inhibitor deficiencies were all significant factors in producing airway obstruction in patients with RA.
Arthritis Rheum
PMID:Obstructive pulmonary disease in rheumatoid arthritis. 108 51

Alpha 1-antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin in 62 white patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 51 white patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In RA, however, the association between pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial fibrosis was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 patients with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 patients with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with pulmonary involvement in SSc. Our findings suggest a possible role of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in patients with RA. The absence of such an association in SSc suggests that pulmonary involvement in these 2 rheumatic diseases may have different pathogeneses.
Arthritis Rheum 1986 May
PMID:Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. 348 21

During 6-sulphanilamidoindazole (6-SAI) arthritis a significant increase of serum levels of the protease inhibitor alpha 2 macroglobulin (= alpha 2 acute phase globulin) and of Darcy's glycoprotein was found, whereas the content of female specific protein and of sulfhydryl groups was proved to be significantly decreased. Intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg soybean trypsin inhibitor, twice daily for 4 days, was without any inhibitory effect on paw swelling in 6-SAI arthritis but it caused increased serum levels of alpha 2 macroglobulin and Darcy's glycoprotein. Thus, spontaneous remission of 6-SAI arthritis occurring, despite continued administration of 6-SAI, seems hardly likely to be caused by acute-phase reactants, e.g. via protease inhibition. Evidence is presented which shows that spontaneous remission of 6-SAI arthritis could be due to local processes.
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PMID:6-sulphanilamidoindazole arthritis of rats: relation between acute-phase proteins, degree of arthritis and treatment with soybean trypsin inhibitor. 616 39

The polyvalent protease inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, may counteract a protease-mediated rheumatoid joint destruction. The elimination of the complexed inhibitor from joints was analysed in inflamed and noninflamed conditions of the knee joints in dogs. The arthritis was immunologically induced. The fate of intra-articularly injected radioactive alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes was studied by external measurements, analyses of blood, lymph and urine, and by autoradiographic and immunohistologic methods. The results indicate that the elimination of complexes was accelerated by inflammation and joint movements with a half-life shorter than 2 hours in acute arthritis. In addition to absorption into the synovial membrane and degradation in macrophage-like cells, the process of clearance included elimination of complexes via the blood and the lymph capillaries of the joint and subsequent degradation in cells belonging to the reticuloendothelial system in the lymph nodes and the liver. The degradation products were excreted in increasing amounts in the urine. Referring to the earlier recognized high degree of saturation of synovial fluid alpha 2-macroglobulin in rheumatoid arthritis, the finding of a rapid articular clearance of alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes suggests a pronounced release of endoproteases under clinical conditions.
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PMID:The elimination of alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes from the arthritic joint. An experimental study in dogs. 618 18

A battery of steroidal and nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs and protease inhibitors were tested by intraarticular injection for effects on osteoarthritis of the knees of rabbits subjected to partial lateral meniscectomy and section of the sesamoid and collateral fibular ligaments. Among the standard drugs, only the glucocorticoid, triamcinolone hexacetonide, and the protease inhibitor, tranexamic acid, exhibited significant anti-osteoarthritic activity. An experimental drug, GPA 2163, also offered some protection against joint degeneration. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs had no effect on the development of osteoarthritis in the model.
Arthritis Rheum 1983 Nov
PMID:A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. III. Evaluation of anti-osteoarthritic effects of selected drugs administered intraarticularly. 663 96

Twenty-six different alleles have been identified for alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin), each designated by a letter of the alphabet. In any individual two alleles codominantly determine the characteristics of alpha 1 protease inhibitor (Pi), including mobility on electrophoresis, serum concentration and acute phase response. Recent evidence has linked some mildly deficient phenotypes of Pi with a variety of chronic immunologic and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, asthma and fibrosing alveolitis, in addition to the well recognised association of severe deficiency with emphysema and chronic liver disease. This disease susceptibility in phenotypes associated with reduced serum levels may be due to alteration in lymphocyte responses, complement activation and leukocyte migration. Pi can also influence the autolytic effects of leukocytic enzymes on tissues and may inhibit some aspects of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Therefore patients with deficient Pi phenotypes are likely to have exaggerated immunologic and inflammatory responses.
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PMID:The role of alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin) in the regulation of immunologic and inflammatory reactions. 696 57

This study was performed in order to gain insight into the occurrence, glycosylation and the possible origin of the acute-phase proteins alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and alpha1-protease inhibitor (PI) in sera and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore paired sera and synovial fluid samples from patients with RA, and paired synovial fluid samples from right and left knees of patients with varying degrees of arthritis were studied. Crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) was used with concanavalin A and Aleuria aurantia lectin for the detection of the degree of branching and fucosylation, respectively, and the monoclonal CSLEX-1 for the detection of Sialyl Lewis(X) (SLe(X)) groups on AGP. For PI, not only CAIE, but also high-pressure-anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection was used to study the glycosylation. It was established that the concentrations of AGP and PI were increased in the serum of RA patients compared to normal healthy controls, but that the concentration of both proteins, as well as albumin, was significantly lower in synovial fluid than in serum. Furthermore, the type of glycosylation of both AGP and PI found in RA was significantly different from that found in normals, with increased fucosylation, but there were no major differences in the degree of branching of AGP- or PI-glycans in RA, compared to normals. No differences in glycosylation could be established between serum and synovial fluid in RA. For PI an increased fucosylation was found, both in serum and synovial fluid, using both methods of detection, and it could be established that only the alpha1-->3- and not the alpha1-->6-fucosylation of PI was affected by RA. The increased fucosylation of AGP resulted in an increased expression of SLe(X) on AGP-glycans. Since the alpha1-->3-fucosylation of AGP was significantly increased in both serum and synovial fluid from RA patients, and this correlated with systemic but not with local disease parameters, it can be suggested that acute phase proteins in synovial fluid are most probably of hepatic origin.
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PMID:Do synovial fluid acute phase proteins from patients with rheumatoid arthritis originate from serum? 924 43

Crude preparations of Stephania tetrandra (ST), a traditional herbal medicine, have been used safely for arthritis and silicosis in China. The concentration of granulocyte elastase - alpha 1 protease inhibitor complex in plasma is enhanced in inflammatory processes, e.g. in septicaemia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), being an expression of granulocyte activation during inflammatory response. It has previously been reported that ST showed beneficial and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of relatively mild RA. After the administration of ST for 12 weeks, the proportion of granulocytes and the granulocyte count in peripheral blood decreased significantly. The lipid peroxide and human granulocyte elastase levels of stored plasma declined significantly. Furthermore, both the leukocyte/elastase ratio and granulocyte/elastase ratio increased significantly. The findings of this study suggest that the suppressive effect of ST administration on excessive granulocyte activation resulted in the improvement of inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Suppressive effects of Stephania tetrandra on the neutrophil function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 1510 75

The larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are involved in parasitic diseases in humans: cystic echinococcosis (CE) ("hydatid disease") and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Both diseases and parasites have tight links with allergy because of the immunological characteristics that contribute to maintain the larvae in their human host as well as their potential in inducing clinical anaphylactic reactions in some patients. Clinical observations in patients and data obtained from mass screenings in various countries have identified both forms of echinococcosis as "polar diseases," i.e., diseases where immunological background of the patients was related to the clinical presentation and course. In particular, abortive cases (i.e., spontaneous cures) have been found in many subjects in endemic areas. On the other hand, immune suppression was associated with severe disease. AE especially might be considered as an opportunistic infection. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that Th1-related immune response was associated with protection and Th2-related response was associated with parasite growth. Genetic characteristics of the host are related to both occurrence and severity of AE and are associated with the extent of IL-10 secretion, which is a major feature of chronic progressing echinococcosis. Anaphylactic reactions, including urticaria, edema, respiratory symptoms, and anaphylactic shock due to spontaneous or provoked rupture of the parasitic cyst, are well known in CE. Anaphylactic reactions in AE are far less frequent, and have been observed in rare cases at time of metastatic dissemination of the parasitic lesions. Echinococcus-specific IgE is present in most of the patients and associated with severity. Specific histamine release by circulating basophils stimulated with E. granulosus antigens is present in all patients with CE and AE. Echinococcus allergens include (1) AgB 12-kDa subunit, a protease inhibitor and a potent Th2 inducer; (2) Ag5, a serine protease; (3) EA 21, a specific cyclophilin, with a homology with other types of cyclophilins; (4) Eg EF-1 beta/delta an elongation factor, with a homology with Strongyloides stercoralis EF that shares the same IgE epitope. A clinical cross-reaction with Thiomucase, a mucopolysaccharidase used in arthritis treatment, has recently been published. However, despite the potential risk of allergic reactions, the dogma "never puncture a hydatid cyst" is no longer valid. International experience of therapeutic technique of "puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration" of hydatid cysts developed at the beginning of the 1980s has proved to be successful in a variety of selected indications that have been reviewed by WHO recommendations. A better understanding of the immunological background of echinococcosis in humans has led to new therapeutic developments, such as immunomodulation using interferon alpha. Th2-driven immunological response and IL-10-related tolerance state are common characteristics of atopic allergy and echinococcosis. The example of echinococcosis stresses the ambiguous links that exist between parasitic and allergic diseases, and show the usefulness of comparing these diseases to better understand how immune deviation may lead to pathological events and to find new therapeutic and.or preventive agents.
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PMID:Echinococcosis and allergy. 1514 6

HIV infection can be associated with different types of arthropathies which are often underdiagnosed. We present the case of a 52 year old HIV positive man on highly active antiretroviral therapy including indinavir who developed an acute painful oligoarthritis. We present this case on HIV associated arthritis and include a review on other HIV specific types of arthritis (acute symmetric arthritis and painful articular syndrome) which are assumed as entities exclusively apparent in HIV patients. The pathophysiology of arthritis in HIV infected patients is not yet completely understood but a direct role of the HIV on the initiation of synovitis is suspected in some of them. Additionally, there is evidence that antiretroviral drugs, in particular the protease inhibitor indinavir, can lead to arthritic complications as well.
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PMID:HIV associated arthritis: case report and review of the literature. 1605 2


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