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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the informative value of dynamic and static [99mTc]diphosphonate ([99mTc]DPD) scintimetry in early septic arthritis (SA) and chronic nonseptic arthritis (NSA) of the knee in puppies. SA (n = 10), induced by injection of Staphylococcus aureus into one knee, was examined after 48 h. NSA (n = 6) was induced by weekly intraarticular instillation of 1% carrageenan and examined at 2 and 12 weeks. Epiphyseal and metaphyseal count ratios (CRs) between experimental and control joint were calculated in an angiographic phase (0-20 s), a "blood pool" phase (20-256 s), and a bone uptake phase (2 hs). Control dogs (n = 4) had a CR of 1.0 in all regions and phases, the coefficients of variation being 0.06 and 0.03 in dynamic and static phases, respectively. In NSA, all scintimetric phases showed decreased metaphyseal uptake and largely unchanged epiphyseal uptake. Generally, SA exhibited vastly increased angiographic uptake in all regions and increased epiphyseal blood pool uptake, whereas delayed epiphyseal uptake varied and delayed metaphyseal uptake tended to decrease. Two septic joints had generalized reduction in dynamic uptake, probably owing to increased intraarticular pressure; in one of these, dynamic uptake in the distal femoral epiphysis (FE) was totally absent, suggesting temporary circulatory arrest during the dynamic scanning procedure. The use of regional dynamic and static [99mTc]DPD scintimetry increased the pathophysiologic and diagnostic value of joint scintigraphy, especially with respect to the early detection of SA and its avascular complications.
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PMID:Three-phase [99mTc]diphosphonate scintimetry in septic and nonseptic arthritis of the immature knee: an experimental investigation in dogs. 273 71

Nine hips in eight patients were available at a mean follow-up of 31.5 years for participation in a retrospective functional and radiographic analysis for the purpose of examining the late effects of infantile septic hip arthritis in a group untouched by reconstructive hip surgery. Results suggest that reconstructive efforts following hip joint sepsis designed for relocation of an inadequate femoral head for persistent dislocation or for transference of the greater trochanteric epiphysis into the acetabulum may not yield results comparable to nonoperative treatment.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of infantile hip sepsis. 336 91

Degenerative arthritis is a frequent pattern after old fractures or rotatory subluxations of the scaphoid. The authors have studied this phenomenon, on 48 wrists. In old scaphoid fractures, the degenerative arthritis begins with an impingement between radial styloid process and proximal pole of the scaphoid, and then reaches the lunocapitate joint. A dorsi flexion by instability is then constant. After a scaphoid subluxation, degenerative arthritis begins between scaphoid and radial epiphysis too, but arthritis in these cases, is earlier and more symptomatic. We found two types of wrists: the sequellae of the post-traumatic scapholunate diastasis and the peri-scaphoid arthritis "primary in appearance", which corresponds to the scapholunate advanced collapsed pattern of A.K. Watson.
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PMID:Radio-carpal and inter-carpal degenerative arthritis in sequellae of scaphoid injuries. 342 22

We have studied the clinical presentation and course of a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in childhood and observed in 30 patients. The first symptoms were generally present at birth, except in a few patients where they were first noticed in early infancy. All the patients had the association of three main symptoms: neurological, cutaneous and articular. The skin rash was the first symptom observed in all the patients and looked like a chronic non pruritic urticaria varying during the day. The articular manifestations involved knees, ankles and feet, elbows, wrists and hands unaffecting the other joints. They could be mild giving arthritis during flare-ups or severe with major radiological modifications affecting the epiphysis, metaphysis and growth cartilage. The neurological manifestations were characterized by a chronic meningitis and symptoms indicating meningeal irritation: headaches, seizures, spasticity of legs. Most patients had a cerebral atrophy and a low IQ. Sensory organ involvement occurred progressively during the follow-up: ocular inflammation with optic atrophy, deafness and hoarseness. Common morphological features characterized these patients with short stature, head enlargement, saddle back nose and short and thick extremities with clubbing of fingers. The course was that of a chronic inflammatory disease with numerous flare-ups associating fever, splenomegaly and adenomegaly. Except for a high level of eosinophils in blood, CSF and tissues, the biology was non specific and only exhibited features of inflammation. Except for two families, the disease was sporadic. A high frequency of prematurity with features resembling a foetal infection was observed but no proof of a possible causal virus has so far been found so that etiology remains unknown.
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PMID:A chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome. A specific entity analysed in 30 patients. 348 35

For 25 years, 102 hematogenous septic arthritis have been observed in 82 newborns and infants. The hip joint was the most commun site of involvement (63 cases), than the knee (23 cases), the shoulder (7 cases), the elbow (5 cases), the ankle (3 cases) and one wrist. 14 times, two or more joints were involved. When the diagnosis was made early, an aspiration of pus and an irrigation of the joint was done. But in severe and delayed arthritis, an arthrotomy was preferred. In all cases, joints were immobilized in a post-operative cast or with a traction management, and parenteral antibiotics were prescribed. 52 sequellae were noted, two third of these were seen in second hand. Sequellae are detailed joint by joint, and the authors describe different stages from minor dysplasia and abnormal growth of the epiphysis to severe destruction of the bones and persistent dislocation. Treatment of sequellae is proposed: 1. The hip joint. Dysplasia and deformities of the head and/or the neck were corrected with femoral osteotomy. In 2 cases, a pelvic innominate osteotomy was performed. Progressive coxa vara with short neck and greater trochanteric overgrowth were treated with femoral neck lengthening (personal technic). Dislocations needed open reduction of the hip and extensive excision of the acetabular fibro-fatty tissue. In a few cases, a Colonna's procedure was made. In total destructions of the upper femoral extremity, the treatment consisted in trochanteroplasty. In partial epiphysiodesis of a femoral condyle, disepiphysiodesis was obtained with resection of the physeal bone bridge (2 cases) or with free free physeal transplantation with microvascular anastomosis (2 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Osteoarthritis in infants. Follow-up and treatment]. 406 30

Between 1970 and 1979, 17 patients underwent conversion of ankylosed hip to total hip arthroplasty. The patients' ages ranged from 38 to 82 years and the duration of fusion prior to conversion ranged from five to 60 years. The primary indication for conversion to total hip replacement in all patients was disabling pain in the low back, the ipsilateral knee, and the contralateral hip. The reason for ankylosis varied: five patients had previously undergone fusion for posttraumatic arthritis, two patients for tuberculous arthritis, six patients for osteoarthritis, one for a previous old slipped capital femoral epiphysis which had undergone spontaneous fusion after internal fixation, and two patients for ankylosing spondylitis. Relief of preoperative pain in the lower back was seen in 12 of 13 patients, knee pain was relieved in four out of four patients, and contralateral hip pain was relieved in seven out of 10 patients. Complications included heterotopic ossification, infection, perforation of the posterior shaft of the femur, and failure of trochanteric fixation with subsequent dislocation. Predictable pain relief from pain in the contralateral hip was less predictable and directly related to the degree of osteoarthritis in the contralateral hip. In these patients it is suggested that conversion of the fused hip to total hip arthroplasty be staged with total hip replacement in the contralateral hip as well. The end results were least satisfactory in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
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PMID:Conversion of ankylosed hips to total hip arthroplasty. 645 15

In the study of pathophysiological mechanisms in growth abnormalities of the juvenile knee in arthritis an animal model in dogs was developed. Arthritis was induced by intra-articular injections of Carrageenan. Prominent growth changes were enlargement of the distal femoral epiphysis, patellar squaring and decreased endochondral and appositional growth of the distal femur. Generalized osteoporosis of the arthritic limb was present. The induced growth disturbances bear resemblance to the growth abnormalities in juvenile chronic arthritis and hemophilic arthropathy of the knee.
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PMID:Growth disturbances in experimental juvenile arthritis of the dog knee. 646 60

Ten patients with osteomyelitis and three with a subcutaneous abscess, all caused by BCG vaccination, are described. All patients were less than 3 years old and had as newborns been vaccinated intracutaneously in the left gluteal or hip area. Pain, limping, or a slightly tender subcutaneous induration were the primary symptoms. The sites of predilection of osteomyelitis were the metaphysis or epiphysis of the femur, these being affected in five out of 10 cases. All three subcutaneous abscesses were in the thoracic region. Prolonged (up to 30 months) combined tuberculostatic medication, in addition to appropriate surgical procedures, resulted in healing, but two cases of arthritis and two of secondary abscesses developed. In addition, sequestrectomy and two late operations, for coxa valga and hip subluxation, were deemed to be necessary. Radiographs showed femoral overgrowth of up to 1 cm in two symptomless patients three to seven years after the first discharge. We conclude that the benefits of BCG vaccination should be weighed against the risk of complications, especially in countries with a low incidence of tuberculosis.
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PMID:BCG vaccination as a cause of osteomyelitis and subcutaneous abscess. 670 66

Guinea-pigs were sensitized by intra-articular injection of M. tuberculosis (2.0 mg) into one knee joint and arthritis induced in the opposite knee 21 days later by intra-articular injection of antigen (0.2 mg). The time course off the arthritic changes was followed for 25 days by assessment of knee swelling and hind-limb flexion. Twenty-eight days after challenge the experiment was terminated and radiographic changes evaluated by means of a microfocal X-ray unit. The effect of treatment with the anti-rheumatic drugs, D-penicillamine (100 mg/kg by mouth), dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), aspirin (100 mg/kg by mouth), chloroquine phosphate (30 mg/kg by mouth) and sodium aurothiomalate (2 mg/kg i.m.) given daily from 10 days after sensitization until 28 days after challenge was assessed. Changes in joint swelling and hind-limb flexion were maximal 1-3 days after challenge. None of the drug treatments influenced these parameters. Microfocal radiography showed marked changes in arthritis animals of all X-ray parameters measured. It was possible readily to identify joint erosion, trabecular loss and associated osteoporosis, the latter occurring proximal to and relatively remote from the affected joint. None of the treatments prevented the radiographic changes but exacerbation of trabecular number in the area of the epiphysis was seen with aspirin and D-penicillamine and of trabecular density further up the shaft of the femur was seen with D-penicillamine. The changes with D-penicillamine may reflect the potentiation of cell-mediated hypersensitivity with this drug reported by other workers. It was concluded that the model is not suitable for the detection of clinically active anti-rheumatic drugs but that microfocal radiography provides a sensitive index for the assessment of joint damage in small animals.
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PMID:An investigation of the effect of anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid drugs in cell-mediated immune arthritis in guinea-pigs by microfocal radiography. 677 65

The influence of chronic synovial inflammation and effusion on the juxta-articular bone haemodynamics in the juvenile knee was studied in 12 immature dogs with Carragheenin-induced unilateral arthritis. Using a fluid filled electromanometric pressure recording system simultaneous pressure measurements were taken from the distal femoral metaphysis, juxta-articular epiphyses and knee joint cavity in general anaesthesia followed by intraosseous phlebographies. During resting conditions the intraosseous pressure of the distal femoral epiphysis and the intra-articular pressure was significantly elevated. The phlebographies showed increased accumulation of contrast in arthritic femoral epiphyses with decreased contrast clearance rate. During increasing intra-articular pressure an augmented vulnerability of the blood supply of the arthritic femoral epiphyses was demonstrated. The results suggests that joint effusion may play an important role in the bone changes in juvenile degenerative arthritis of the knee.
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PMID:Relationship between intraosseous pressures and intra-articular pressure in arthritis of the knee. An experimental study in immature dogs. 684 93


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