Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 61-year-old white woman, who had progressive arthritis over a two-year period, developed bilateral peripheral corneal degeneration. The superior cornea thinned to a thickness of approximately two thirds of normal. She died suddenly in the hospital and a primary occlusive vasculitis of the anterior ciliary arteries within the superior rectus muscles was found. There was necrotizing arteritis in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal caps, spleen, fallopian tubes, and skeletal muscle. The observation of an occlusive vasculitis of the anterior ciliary arteries in this patient supports the belief that ischemia may play a major role in peripheral marginal degeneration of the cornea.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral corneal degeneration and occlusive vasculitis in Wegener's granulomatosis. 30 50

A 63-year-old woman with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease and the lupus anticoagulant developed ischemia of the right lower extremity, requiring progressive amputations. Pathologic specimens revealed inflammatory vasculitis in multiple arteries. Her serum showed anticardiolipin antibodies in high titer. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids reversed the ischemic process. In patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis is the most common pathologic finding associated with cutaneous lesions and/or gangrene. Vasculitis, although uncommon, is known to occur and may respond to corticosteroid therapy.
Arthritis Rheum 1992 May
PMID:Vasculitis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. A cause of ischemia responding to corticosteroids. 147 34

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver is an uncommon pathologic finding associated, in most cases, with rheumatic and hematologic diseases. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, NRH probably results from liver regeneration to maintain its functional capacity after ischemia-induced injury. An intrahepatic microvascular occlusive mechanism has been considered most likely pathogenetically. NRH may lead to portal hypertension. Thus, the diagnosis of Felty's syndrome must be considered with caution in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and NRH of the liver. We report seven additional cases of NRH in patients with rheumatic disorders and review the literature to determine the patterns of clinical presentation and natural history of this condition. We also report four patients (three systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and one primary antiphospholipid syndrome [PAPS]) in whom antiphospholipid antibodies may have played a role in the genesis of NRH.
Semin Arthritis Rheum 1991 Aug
PMID:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in rheumatic diseases: report of seven cases and review of the literature. 194 1

A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen-derived free radicals, especially superoxide and hydroxyl radical (and to lesser extent, hydrogen peroxide), as mediators of inflammation and/or tissue destruction in inflammatory and arthritic disorders. The substrates for radical generation, namely properly stimulated phagocytic cells, transition metal catalysts, and (to a limited extent) ischemia, are all amply present, although there is no particular rheumatic disease in which a consistent abnormality of radical generation has been identified. These radical species can clearly degrade hyaluronic acid, modify collagen and perhaps proteoglycan structure and/or synthesis, alter and interact with immunoglobulins, activate enzymes and inactivate their inhibitors, and possibly participate in chemotaxis. In most situations, however, there is ample scavenging ability to detoxify these radicals before they hit their target, and many rheumatic disease drugs can decrease their production and/or effects. Despite the apparent sufficiency of natural scavengers and the lack of direct evidence that oxygen radicals are pathogenetically important, substantial pharmaceutical effort is still being made to develop free radical scavengers as therapeutic agents. Although individual free radicals die out quickly, rheumatologic interest in them has been sustained for nearly two decades.
Semin Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb
PMID:Oxygen radicals, inflammation, and arthritis: pathophysiological considerations and implications for treatment. 204 55

Shoulder pain is a frequent and debilitating problem in hemiplegic patients, and its etiology remains poorly understood. The role played by hemineglect in the appearance of shoulder pain was studied. During two years, 94 hemiplegic subjects were involved in a rehabilitation program after cerebrovascular accidents. Their average age was 68 years; 45 (47.9%) subjects had shoulder pain, and 24 subjects (22.5%) had hemineglect. The subjects with shoulder pain were compared to those without pain (the control group) with respect to gender, age, diabetes, heart failure, cardiac ischemia, scapulohumeral arthritis, and calcified tendinitis of the rotator cuff. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between hemineglect and shoulder pain in the hemiplegic (X2 (1) = 2.03, p = .15), although pain was significantly more frequent in subjects with right hemispheric cerebrovascular accident (X2 (1) = 5.0, p less than .025). The subjects with shoulder pain had significantly more spasticity of the affected limb (X2 (1) = 26.3, p less than .01), less sensitivity to pinprick of the upper paralyzed extremity (X2 (1) = 10.8, p less than .01), and a more severe subluxation of the affected shoulder (t(51) = 14.0, p less than .01).
 ...
PMID:Painful shoulder in the hemiplegic and unilateral neglect. 237 73

In our study of 28 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's disease, the patients had significantly greater digital blood flow responses to intraarterial phenylephrine and clonidine than did normal control subjects. There were no group differences in finger blood flow responses to body heating, reflex cooling, digital ischemia, or to intraarterial tyramine or isoproterenol. There were also no group differences in blood pressure or heart rate during any procedure. These results suggest that patients with idiopathic Raynaud's disease have increased peripheral vascular alpha-adrenergic receptor sensitivity and/or density compared with normal persons.
Arthritis Rheum 1989 Jan
PMID:Increased alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in idiopathic Raynaud's disease. 253 82

A 26-year-old black male with sickle-cell disease developed a Salmonella septic arthritis in one knee and an acute, aseptic arthritis in the other knee. Salmonella is showing increasing resistance to many antibiotics. In this patient, optimal antibiotic treatment of his uncommon infection was delayed by a rare resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms could account for his acute, aseptic arthritis: sickle-cell disease with presumed synovial ischemia from sickling and reactive arthritis precipitated by a remote Salmonella infection elsewhere in the body. The authors could find no previous discussion of either of these processes in the orthopedic literature. Acute arthritis in a patient with sickle-cell disease can be a complex diagnostic and therapeutic problem.
 ...
PMID:Salmonella septic and aseptic arthritis in sickle-cell disease. A case report. 268 Feb 1

A 72-year-old man suffering from arthritis received a total dose of 500 mg sodium aurothiomalate during a period of 5 months. His clinical state then deteriorated and he had to be hospitalized. Upon admission he was bedridden, his level of consciousness was slightly impaired, he was confused and respiration was laboured. Continuous muscle activity was noted on all extremities and at first, erroneously, fasciculations were diagnosed. The EMG exhibited continuous muscle fibre activity consisting of duplets, triplets and multiplets. The discharges occurred in an irregular pattern; when various muscles were examined at the same time no synchronicity could be observed between muscle discharges. In the left m. deltoideus an increased percentage of polyphasic potentials was found, whereas mean duration of motor unit potentials was normal. Spontaneous activity remained unchanged during sleep and administration of intravenous diazepam or phenytoin. Blocking of ulnar nerve at either elbow or wrist level did not stop spontaneous activity in m. abductor digiti quinti. Ischaemia increased the amount of discharges after 7 min. Within 4 months after termination of gold therapy the patient's condition improved and he was discharged from hospital. Regular EMG follow-up after 8 months showed complete cessation of abnormal spontaneous activities. Nerve conduction velocities were normal except for markedly reduced compound action potential in peroneal nerves. Continuous muscle fibre activity as a side-effect of gold therapy is described.
 ...
PMID:The syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity following gold therapy. 644 Sep 53

A woman who presented with leg claudication and neurologic dysfunctions is described. Aortic obstruction was defined by aortography, with large collateral vessels observed above the obstruction extending to the femoral arteries and small collaterals extending to the spinal cord. Aorto-femoral bypass surgery resulted in resolution of the patient's symptoms. Prompt recognition and treatment of spinal cord ischemia is essential if permanent and disabling neurologic damage is to be avoided.
Arthritis Rheum 1994 Jan
PMID:Intermittent spinal ischemia. A reversible cause of neurologic dysfunction and back pain. 812 55

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are armed with an impressive arsenal of bactericidal agents that allow these cells to play a vital role in host defense against invading pathogens. However, these same agents can produce extensive cellular damage in host tissues when leukocytes are activated during inflammatory conditions. Recognition of this fact, when coupled with the observation that leukocyte adhesion to post-capillary venules is a critical first step in the inflammatory process, has led to the development of the concept that inhibition of neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion (NECA) may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of leukocyte-dependent injury in inflammatory conditions. Indeed, pharmacological or immunologic inhibition of NECA reduces cellular injury, dysfunction, and necrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion, circulatory shock and resuscitation, organ transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, frostbite, and thermal trauma. NECA also appears to play an important role in the pathobiology of airway inflammation and asthma, pulmonary oxygen toxicity, arthritis, bacterial meningitis, and cerebral malaria. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence implicating NECA in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory conditions.
 ...
PMID:Role of neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion in inflammatory disorders. 819 53


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>