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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1990 and 2000, more than 1600 mycoplasmas and the related acholeplasmas were identified from ruminant animals by the Mycoplasma Group at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency--Weybridge. Mycoplasma bovis was the most commonly identified pathogen, mostly from pneumonic calves but occasionally from cattle with mastitis and arthritis. Mycoplasma canis was first isolated in Britain in 1995 from pneumonic calves and the number of isolates increased to 18 per cent of the total mycoplasmas isolated from cattle in 1999. The ELISA for antibodies to M. bovis detected 1971 positive samples (22 per cent) among 8959 serum samples, mainly from pneumonic cattle. Other mycoplasmas identified included Mycoplasma dispar from the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease, and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium from the reproductive tract of cows with vulvovaginitis and infertility. Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Acholeplasma species were found commonly but are thought to be more opportunistic than pathogenic. In sheep and goats, the majority of Mycoplasma species isolated were identified as Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from pneumonic sheep, Mycoplasma conjunctivae from sheep with keratoconjunctivitis, and the ubiquitous Mycoplasma arginini.
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PMID:Mycoplasma species and related organisms isolated from ruminants in Britain between 1990 and 2000. 1550 40

Although controversial, Creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville, is used to treat a variety of illnesses including infertility, rheumatism, arthritis, diabetes, gallbladder and kidney stones, pain and inflammation. Recently, it has been used as a nutritional supplement. The primary product extracted from this common plant of the arid regions of northern Mexico and Southwestern United States is the potent antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). It was widely used during the 1950s as a food preservative and to preserve naturals fibers. Later it was banned after reports of toxicity during the early 1960s. Renal and hepatotoxicity are also reported for chronic use of creosote bush and NDGA. This article reviews traditional and contemporary uses and pharmacology, including toxicology of this plant widely used in Mexican traditional medicine.
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PMID:Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid. 1581 53

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequent cause for sexually transmitted diseases in European countries. The organism has an intracellular habitat with a very specific life cycle. A variety of diagnostic tests have been developed with different sensitivity and specificity. Interpretation of these tests can sometimes be difficult. Diseases caused by C. trachomatis in men comprise urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, infertility and reactive arthritis. Especially in prostatitis, the exact role of C. trachomatis is still under debate for the technical difficulties localizing the pathogen to the prostate. For treatment, only some antibiotics are effective because of the intracellular habitat of the pathogen. Prevention of infection comprises treatment and screening efforts.
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PMID:Chlamydial infections in urology. 1642 32

Several studies have shown that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels are increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, with correlation between TNF-alpha concentrations and the degree of disease. It is also likely that elevation of peritoneal fluids' TNF-alpha levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of infertility associated with endometriosis. Use of drugs such as etanercept, a TNF-alpha receptor immunoglobulin fusion protein which inhibits TNF-alpha activity, showed in an animal study to reduce the severity of the disease, and the size of endometriotic foci. TNF-alpha blockers were recommended as a possible new line of therapy for endometriosis. Our case involved a 35-year-old Para 0, with rheumatic arthritis and stage 4 endometriosis. After 6 years of constant use of etanercept, she showed no improvement of endometriosis as demonstrated at laparoscopy. However, she underwent a successful IVF after the first attempt. TNF-alpha-blocker medications might not be beneficial for patients with advanced endometriosis. However, we cannot exclude the possible effect of these medications on early-stage endometriosis, and further study is required. Some of the immunologic abnormalities in the pelvis of patients with endometriosis could be the consequence of the disease and not the cause, and possibly suppression of immune cells and their products may not have a major effect on endometriotic lesions at an advanced stage. This also could explain why suppression of TNF-alpha showed no effect on infertility. However, use of TNF-alpha-blockers before IVF might increase the success rate in advanced endometriosis.
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PMID:Tumour necrosis factor-alpha blockers: potential limitations in the management of advanced endometriosis? A case report. 1678 59

Using T-cell clones derived from patients with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)-induced reactive arthritis, we identified target antigens and mapped the peptide epitopes that were recognized. Several epitopes were conserved in homologous proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPN), and it was shown that these epitopes were generated following processing of the CPN proteins or CPN elementary bodies, i.e. the T-cell clones were indeed CT and CPN cross-reactive. Given that CPN infection is frequent, we wished to determine whether prior infection with CPN could have an effect on the response to subsequent infection with CT. First, we showed that the CPN antigen, OmcB, was recognized by polyclonal peripheral blood T cells from additional subjects with CT-induced reactive arthritis; they were chosen to be HLA-DR-matched with the T-cell clones used to map epitopes in OmcB. Responses to a peptide previously shown to be conserved in CT and CPN OmcB were also seen, but only in CPN-seropositive individuals. These subjects also produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to CPN OmcB, and did not recognize a nonconserved epitope in OmcB. Secondly, OmcB-responsive clones from CPN-seropositive subjects were dominated by those recognizing the cross-reactive epitope, despite the recent exposure of these subjects to CT. Lastly, healthy CPN-seropositive subjects, without evidence of exposure to CT, showed greater responses, measured as IFN-gamma secretion, to CT proteins in vitro than those shown by seronegative subjects. This is consistent with the idea that prior CPN infection primes a Th1 T-cell response to CT antigens. This finding is relevant to the pathogenesis of the sequelae of CT infection (trachoma, infertility and arthritis), which may be influenced by prior exposure to CPN, and to the choice of CT antigens as vaccine candidates.
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PMID:Prior exposure to infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae can influence the T-cell-mediated response to Chlamydia trachomatis. 1683 Dec 5

Significant increase of obesity prevalence in almost all countries in the world recently has had obesity as a global health problem, and WHO in 1998 defined it as "the global epidemic". Simply, obesity is defined as an excessive fat accumulation in fat tissue due to imbalance of energy intake and expenditure. Body mass index is a simple method for defining the degree of overweight and obesity, however, waist circumference is the preferred measure of abdominal obesity because it has greater relationship with the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Body fatness reflects the interactions of development, environment and genetic factors. The role of genetic factors has already existed, nevertheless, environment factors are likely more important in developing obesity. Increased mortality among the obese is evident for several life-threatening diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease, and hormone-sensitive and gastrointestinal cancers. Risks are also higher for some non-fatal conditions such as back pain, arthritis, infertility and, in many westernized countries, poor psychosocial functioning. Obesity is not only threatening health, also impacts on high economic and social cost. Effective prevention of obesity should be focused to high risk individuals or groups. Individuals who have some existing weight-related problems and those with a high risk of developing obesity co-morbidity such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes should be a key priority in this prevention strategy. Although weight loss in obese persons of any age can improve obesity-related medical complications, physical function, and quality of life, the primary purpose for weigh-loss therapy may differ across age group. The current therapeutic tools available for weight management are: (1) lifestyle intervention involving diet, physical activity, and behavior modification; (2) pharmacotherapy; and (3) surgery. Moderate weight loss (5-10% of initial weight) by any programs is a realistic target in management of obesity associated with improvement of risk factors of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Update in the management of obesity. 1713 90

Pregnancy is an issue that should be discussed with all patients with rheumatic diseases who are in the reproductive age group. Infertility is rarely due to the disease but can be associated with cyclophosphamide therapy. Most rheumatic diseases that are well controlled prior to pregnancy do not deteriorate in pregnancy, providing that the patient continues with appropriate disease-modifying therapy. Some patients with inflammatory arthritis go in to remission during pregnancy. Patients with renal involvement may be at increased risk of disease flare. This needs to be distinguished from pre-eclampsia. Intrauterine growth restriction is more likely in patients with active systemic disease, hypertension, a history of thrombosis and renal involvement. Premature delivery may need to be planned to reduce the risks of stillbirth and can be associated with a variety of neonatal complications. Post-partum flare is common in all the rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:Pregnancy and rheumatic diseases. 1762 48

Owing to the progress in cellular microbiology it has been evidently proved that inflammation induced by infectious agents forms the basis of many chronic conditions. Therefore a microbial infection can be considered as a triggering factor of such widespread and significant diseases as infertility, arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, gastritis, stomach ulcer and cancer, neurological syndromes and some oncological formations. Practically all pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria can induce chronic infections of different organs and tissues. It has been revealed that in spite of differences of clinical syndromes and participation of different bacteria in their induction the several general mechanisms of chronic infections are detected. Failure in chronic infections therapy is due to the absence of medicaments to eradicate persistent forms of pathogens. The development of new medicaments for chronic infections treatment should be based on the selection of new specific targets, influence on which would to inhibit the mechanism of chronic infections induction.
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PMID:[Molecular approach for development of new medicaments for chronic infections treatment]. 1788 40

Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) is one of the key bacterial pathogens involved in the multifactorial etiology of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. This Gram negative pleomorphic rod also causes bovine septicemia, thrombotic meningencephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, abortion and infertility, as well as disease in sheep, bison and bighorn sheep. Virulence factors include lipooligosaccharide, immunoglobulin binding proteins (as a surface fibrillar network), a major outer membrane protein (MOMP), other outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and exopolysaccharide. Histamine production, biofilm formation and quorum sensing may also contribute to pathogenesis. Antibodies are very important in protection as shown in passive protection studies. The lack of long-term survival of the organism in macrophages, unlike facultative intracellular bacteria, also suggests that antibodies should be critical in protection. Of the immunoglobulin classes, IgG2 antibodies are most implicated in protection and IgE antibodies in immunopathogenesis. The immunodominant antigen recognized by IgE is the MOMP and by IgG2 is a 40 kDa OMP. Pathogenetic synergy of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and H. somni in calves can be attributed, in part at least, to the higher IgE anti-MOMP antibody responses in dually infected calves. Other antigens are probably involved in stimulating host defense or immunopathology as well.
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PMID:Histophilus somni host-parasite relationships. 1821 58

A relatively small number of physical disorders are unique to women, are more prevalent or serious in women, or require special prevention or intervention strategies in women. Among the earliest of these to appear developmentally are precocious puberty, for which an effective treatment has recently been developed, and anorexia and bulimia, which are increasing in frequency among young women without effective treatment. Arthritis, diabetes, lupus erythematosus, gallstones, and osteoporosis are other diseases in this category.Reproductive health concerns are a major focus of women's health. The hundred-fold reduction in maternal mortality related to pregnancy is one of the major public health achievements of this century. Despite effective contraceptives, over half the pregnancies in this country are unintended; thus, solving the related problems of infertility and unintended fertility are research priorities. Improving pregnancy outcome, particularly reducing the rate of prematurity, also needs increased attention.Cancer is the leading cause of death in middle-aged women. Lung cancer has replaced breast cancer as the primary cause of cancer death among women due to the increase of cigarette smoking among women. Smoking contributes to numerous other causes of death and disability among women. Of all things women could do to improve their health, the most important would be to avoid smoking.
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PMID:Women's physical health and well-being. 1931 8


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