Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the recovery of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, in 1981, Lyme borreliosis has become the most prevalent tick-borne disease in the United States as well as in Europe. Its steadily increasing clinical spectrum now includes erythema migrans, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lymphadenosis beniga cutis, arthritis, myocarditis, progressive meningoencephalitis, myositis, and various ocular and skin disorders. The true incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the world is unknown. In the United States, it has increased from 2,000 cases in 1987, to more than 8,000 in 1989. It occurs now in regions where the tick vectors, Ixodes dammini and Ixodes pacificus, are absent and where other species of ticks may be responsible for maintaining and distributing the spirochete. In Europe, Lyme borreliosis has been reported from 19 countries; its occurrence coincides with the distribution of the vector tick, Ixodes ricinus and possibly Ixodes hexagonus. Specific and dependable serological tests are still not available, but development of probes for specific antigens and the polymerase chain reaction appear promising in detecting ongoing infections and in identifying B. burgdorferi in ticks, animal, and human hosts. Brief reference is made to advances in the preparation of whole cell and genetically engineered vaccines.
Infection
PMID:Lyme borreliosis: ten years after discovery of the etiologic agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. 191 43

Ciprofloxacin is an essential enrichment of the antibacterial therapy. The activity spectrum comprises enterobacteria, haemophiliacs and Neisseriae, furthermore Legionellae and species of Pseudomonas (except Ps. maltophila). In the gram-positive area staphylococci, Listeriae and corynebacteria are covered, whereas species of streptococci including pneumococci are only moderately sensitive or resistent. Infections of the urinary tract, of the respiratory tract and the biliary tract as well as enteral infections are the main indications. Furthermore, an application in osteomyelitis and arthritis, in chlamydial infections and mycoplasmal infections, in legionellosis and for the selective decontamination in threatening granulocytopenia is justified. Pregnancy, period of growth and cerebral convulsive disorders are contraindications.
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PMID:[Effective microbiologic spectrum of gyrase inhibitors--indications and contraindications]. 196 46

It has been well established that psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome can occur in patients with HIV infection. These arthocutaneous diseases tend to occur in temporal proximity to the development of AIDS and ARC, and their clinical manifestations are unusually severe. The appearance or exacerbation of psoriasis, arthritis, or Reiter's syndrome in a high-risk person should alert the clinician to possible underlying HIV infection. Treatment should be dictated by the severity of the skin and musculoskeletal disease as well as by the status of the immune system. Zidovudine appears to be effective in many diseases, especially psoriasis, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are the mainstay for arthritis. Immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate and azathioprine are contraindicated because they exacerbate immunodeficiency and promote infections. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the prevalence of these diseases, especially Reiter's syndrome, may be higher in HIV-positive populations than previously thought, especially in those patients with AIDS and ARC. Immunogenetic factors like HLA-B27 are important in the predisposition to Reiter's syndrome associated with HIV infection; however, it is not clear what role they play in HIV-associated psoriasis. Mechanisms underlying these observations remain unclear, although potential insights into the pathogeneses of psoriasis and Reiter's syndrome may be gained through future studies. Already it seems likely that CD4-positive helper T-cells, the target of HIV, are not necessary for the expression of psoriasis or Reiter's syndrome, and because of HLA class I associations, a role for CD8 positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be suspected. Infections, promoted by the profound immunodeficiency of AIDS, seem to be the most plausible explanations for the cutaneous and articular complications of HIV infection.
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PMID:Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 204 89

Three patients with inflammatory arthritis were found to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two of these individuals developed synovitis following an episode of yersinia bowel infection. We have studied joint material from all three in an attempt to define the role that HIV may be playing in the aetiology or maintenance of arthritis. Cell-associated HIV DNA was detected within joint fluid by in situ hybridization and the phenotypes of infected cells were established using a double-labelling immunocytochemical technique. Viral DNA was detected in dendritic cells (4-25%) isolated from both the peripheral blood and synovial fluid and in occasional lymphocytes from peripheral blood (less than 0.1%). No infected macrophages were seen. Functional studies using the mixed leucocyte reaction showed that the dendritic cells from synovial fluid were poor stimulators of allogenic peripheral blood lymphocytes whilst being effective at stimulating autologous lymphocytes. In addition, synovial fluid lymphocytes responded poorly to normal control dendritic cells. Infection of these cells with HIV could be contributing to this low stimulatory activity of antigen-presenting cells and to the unresponsiveness of lymphocytes.
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PMID:The detection of human immunodeficiency virus DNA in dendritic cells from the joints of patients with aseptic arthritis. 214 35

3289 sera of patients were tested for Parvovirus B19 specific antibodies (IgM/IgG) by ELISA for routine virological diagnostics in 1987/1988. Acute B19 infection could be confirmed in 14.5%, while 24.4% were already immune and in 61.1% antibodies could not be detected. Only 0.12% of all sera were B19-DNA positive by nucleic acid hybridisation. The highest rate of acute B19 infections could be detected in the age-group of the 6-15 year old. Infections occurred above all in the period of January to July resp. August. The most frequent clinical manifestation of acute B19 infection was exanthema (54.4%) and arthritis/arthralgia (6.5%).
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PMID:[Parvovirus B19 infections in Germany 1987-1988]. 215 28

In 1982 and 1983 practicing pediatricians in a Lyme disease-endemic county, reported 90 cases of Lyme disease among children 19 years of age and younger (median age, 9 years). Three-fourths of the children had initial symptom onset in the summer months, with peak incidence in July. Infection occurred twice as often in boys than in girls, and tick bites were recalled by less than half (49%) of the children or parents. Erythema chronicum migrans was present in two-thirds (67%) of the cases with median onset 7 days after a definite tick bite. Arthritis or arthralgia occurred in 59% and neurologic symptoms, especially seventh nerve palsy, occurred in 14%. Asymmetric involvement of a few large joints, especially the knee, was most commonly reported for those with joint involvement. antibiotics were prescribed for 79% of the children, three-fourths of whom were treated with oral penicillin. Initial diagnosis of Lyme disease is usually made on clinical grounds alone because serologic tests are often negative. Serologic tests for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi were more often positive in cases with neurological or joint involvement, in addition to erythema chronicums migrans (80%), than in cases presenting with erythema chronicums migrans only.
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PMID:Lyme disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiologic features of ninety cases. 230 Apr 9

First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrosis may be associated with hallux valgus deformity. In an attempt to address the pain and deformities of this disorder, silastic implant arthroplasty combined with soft tissue balancing and proximal first metatarsal osteotomy has been performed on 17 feet in 11 patients. A retrospective review of the results at an average followup of 29.5 months is presented. Subjective pain relief has been satisfactory, and loss of correction of deformity has been minimal. Infection remains as a significant postoperative complication. This technique may be a treatment option in the low demand patient with a hallux valgus deformity, painful arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and a wide first intermetatarsal angle.
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PMID:Silastic implant arthroplasty with proximal metatarsal osteotomy for painful hallux valgus. 230 79

We reviewed retrospectively 31 cases of candidemia in children with central venous catheters. Infection rate was significantly higher in 1- to 4-year-old children with central venous catheters. Infection rate was significantly higher in 1- to 4-year-old children than in other age groups (8.4% vs. 2.2%; P less than 0.05). Serious sequelae occurred in 11 (35%) cases and included fatal outcome (5 instances), Candida endocarditis (2), renal abscesses, meningitis, arthritis and osteomyelitis (1 each). Complications were significantly more common in infants than in older children (P less than 0.05) and appeared 3 to 52 days after the first positive blood culture (mean, 16 days). In fatal cases catheters were left in place a significantly greater number of days than in nonfatal cases (P less than 0.05). A literature review identified 43 additional cases of catheter-related candidemia described in 11 series. The rate of Candida infection in the group as a whole was 2.7%. Patients treated with catheter removal plus amphotericin B had a significantly higher cure rate then patients treated with catheter retention plus amphotericin B (P = 0.009). Prompt catheter removal remains crucial in the treatment of catheter-related candidemia.
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PMID:Candidemia in children with central venous catheters: role of catheter removal and amphotericin B therapy. 235 15

Broilers deriving from a parent flock, which had been effected in the 6th. month of hatching egg production, show arthritis beginning with the 12th day of life. The tarso-metatarsal joint has been affected. Birds show stunting. Body weights at slaughter and feed conversion of the affected flocks were reduced. The percentage of condemned birds before slaughter was highly increase and came up to 3-5%. Chickens of other breeder flocks, which were reared with the diseased birds, showed viral arthritis at an age of 18-20th day of life. The boilers derived from parent flocks which had been vaccinated twice during the with a 1133 reo live vaccine and before laying with an oil based vaccine of the antigen type WVU. A reovirus has been isolated (isolate K 171/87), which caused viral arthritis in 1133-immune day old chicks after parenteral and oral application. Infection of these chickens with the pathogenic reovirus of the antigen type 1133 didn't cause a disease. Also by serological examinations it was shown, that the reo-isolate K 171/87 possesses a different antigenicity. The kind of occurrence indicates, that this reovirus infection has been transmitted vertically from one parent flock and it spread laterally to chickens of other parent flocks in broiler farms.
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PMID:[The occurrence of a reovirus variant in a German broiler flock]. 255 Feb 6

Infection by the lentivirus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), may lead to an intermittent arthritis due to the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in synovial membranes. We have observed that the presence of CAEV increases the division of lymphocytes and macrophages. In association, antigen-induced arthritis is more severe in goats concurrently infected by CAEV than in noninfected goats. From these observations we propose that infection by this lentivirus increases reactivity of lymphocytes and macrophages to immune and nonimmune stimuli, leading to the increased likelihood of progressive arthritis in infected animals.
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PMID:Augmentation of lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus contributes to the development of progressive arthritis. 255 8


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