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Query: UMLS:C0003864 (arthritis)
 69,039 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumocystis carinii characteristically causes pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiency disorders. It occurs most often in patients with malignancy or renal transplants whose immune response has been suppressed by corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents. Individuals with connective tissue disease who receive immunosuppressive drugs become susceptible to Pneumocystis. The incidence of Pneumocystis infection in connective tissue disease is low but may increase if immunosuppressive drugs are used more often. Our patient acquired Pneumocystis pneumonia after immunosuppressive therapy for polyarteritis nodosa. Prompt recognition of this condition is essential now that specific therapy is available. Untreated Pneumocystis infection is usually fatal.
Arthritis Rheum 1977 Jun
PMID:Arthritis rounds. Pneumocystis carinii associated with polyarteritis and immunosuppressive therapy. 1 12

Type C RNA viruses have been isolated from a large number of mammalian species. These agents may be horizontally transmitted as infectious cancer-inducing agents, or vertically transmitted from one generation to the next, often in an unexpressed form, within the host genome. To date, the translational products of three viral genes have been identified. With purified virus-coded proteins as probes, sensitive and highly specific radioimmunologic assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies and antigens related to the known type C viruses. These techniques have proved valuable in sero-epidemiologic studies of the horizontally transmitted oncogenic viruses of cats, cattle, and gibbons, and have been used to detect translational products of endogenous viruses in tissues of species from which complete virus has yet to be isolated. This review describes the application of radioimmunoassays in the search for immunologic evidence of type C virus expression in man.
Arthritis Rheum 1978 Jun
PMID:Immunologic approaches toward detection of type C viral expression in man. 7 14

The authors report the results they obtained by bone scintigraphy using technetium pyrophosphate. In a study of 142 patients with cancer, the authors show, as others have done, that bone scintigraphy makes it possible to find bone metastases that are radiologically undetectable and they emphasize the importance of this discovery. In 7 patients with spondylodiscitis, of whom 1 was without radiological signs at the time the scintigraphy was carried out, the authors always observed localized vertebral hyperfixation and they noted that this examination can be valuable for distinguishing spondylodiscitis from pseudo-Pott's discarthroses and from the lesions of vertebral epiphysitis, which in their experience do not result in isotopic hyperfixation. In 7 patients with epiphyseal osteonecrosis, the authors observed isotopic hyperfixation before the appearance of radiological signs. In 12 patients with osteoporosis, the authors observed hyperfixation in bone in certain compressed vertebrae, whereas other vertebrae that had probably been compressed some considerable time earlier did not fix the isotope excessively. They never observed hyperfixation in vertebrae that were not compressed. Among 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with radiological signs of sacro-iliac arthritis, the authors observed sacro-iliac hyperfixation in only 3 cases. Two other patients who had signs indicating ankylosing spondylarthritis, but were without radiological signs of sacro-iliac arthritis did not show sacro-iliac hyperfixation of the isotope. Among 7 patients with Paget's disease, the authors observed hyperfixation in all the bones with radiological signs of disease; in addition, in 3 patients, there was also hyperfixation in certain bones that were radiologically clear.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy with technetium pyrophosphate. Study of 250 patients]. 16 74

While synovial sarcoma most commonly presents as a painless mass, occasionally the cancer emerges in a misleading manner resulting in an unfavorable delay or error in diagnosis. A review of the litrature reveals 4 such occult patterns: pretumor phase characterized only by pain or tenderness; the acute inflammatory lesion presenting as a "hot" arthritis or bursitis; the chronic contracture; the post traumatic tumor. These conditions, especially when otherwise unaccounted for, are indications for biopsy. Four avoidable pitfalls in biopsy management also emerged from the review.
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PMID:The early clinical presentation of synovial sarcoma. 22 35

The illegitimate glycosphingolipid antigens of the P blood group system and of the Forssman (Fs) tissue antigen in adenocarcinoma which are foreign to the host suggest the self-nonself concept which applies also to numerous other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, gluomerulonephritis, and idiopathic acute hemolytic anemia. In the presence of the glycosphingolipid antigens such as ABO, P, and Fs, the normal serum of the homozygote recessive precursor contains antibodies for the missing antigen(s). The expected antibody to the Fs antigen was present in about 75% of normal men and women. In cancer sera, the incidence of anti-Fs was decreased to about 35-40%. On testing the normal population anti-Fs was present in 90% of the sera in the youngest group, and this value gradually diminished in the older groups; the incidence of the antibody in the 70-year age group was to about 60%. The rate of loss of anti-Fs with increasing years appears to parallel the gradual loss of anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin titers. This phenomenon may be associated with the gradual diminution of protein synthesis with aging or the continuous accumulation of soluble immune complexes in the serum, or both. It is suggested that the self-nonself concept is also the basis for the pathogenesis of rhematoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, idiopathic acute hemolytic anemia, and numerous other conditions classified as "autoimmune" diseases. Some of these diseases are induced by viruses or drugs or both. When a virus or drug attaches itself to the membrane of a tissue cell, the self is converted to nonself which, in rheumatoid arthiritis, alters its self Ig to nonself Ig.
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PMID:Self-nonself concept for cancer and diseases previously known as "autoimmune" diseases (illegitimate transferases/plasma exchange). 28 17

Patients with inflammatory arthritis and malignancy comprise two distinct populations. One group represents the chance occurrence of malignancy and rheumatic disease. These patients have symmetric polyarthritis, chiefly classic rheumatoid arthritis, and react positively to the rheumatoid factor test. There is no temporal relationship between tumor onset and rheumatic disease onset. In the second group, there may be a causal relationship between the malignancy and the rheumatic disease. These patients have asymmetric rather than symmetric arthritis and test results are negative for rheumatoid factor. There is a close temporal relationship between the onset of the tumor and the onset of the rheumatic disease. The mortality rate is significantly higher than in patients with symmetric polyarthritis. In 80 percent of women with asymmetric arthritis and malignancy, the tumor is mammary carcinoma. This indicates the advisability of a careful breast examination in this group of women.
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PMID:Malignancy in rheumatic disease: interrelationships. 29 49

For a population-based, case-control study of cancer of the endometrium in Greater Boston from 1965 through mid-1969, 440 cases were drawn from nearly all hospitals in the area; controls were drawn at random from the general population. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 18.1/100,000 woman-years, with a peak at ages 55-59 and a gradual decline thereafter. Information was provided from 212 cases and 1,198 controls by mall questionnaire. A trend of reduced risk of endometrial cancer with increased parity was noted, the relative incidence (RI) for multiparous women being 0.3 compared to a RI of unity for married nulliparous women. The association of risk with age at first birth was irregular. Early menarche (RI=1.6) and late menopause (RI=1.7) were associated with increased risk of disease. Endometrial cancer risk was also found to be directly related to socioeconomic status, relative weight, diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis. The findings supported the idea that hormone activity during, and perhaps after, reproductive life is an important cause of this disease.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Oct
PMID:Epidemiology of endometrial cancer. 33 20

Electronmicrographs of sections show that the L-phases of Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek) simulate the various types of micro-organism described by previous workers as associated with ostensibly noninfective conditions, notably cancer and arthritis; e.g., mycoplasmas, mycobacteria, corynebacteria and actinomycetes. The stages of the L-cycle, from spheroplasts through smaller and larger 'diphtheroid' bacteria to the fully reverted sporogenous bacillus, differ from one another mainly in their degree of reconstitution of the cell envelopes. Occurrence in 'diphtheroids' of nonresistant, cell-wall-deficient spore-like bodies, confirms their relationship with the true sporing bacillus stage. Large, swollen forms appear to be mother cells of minute stages.
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PMID:Electron microscopy of the L-cycle in Bacillus licheniformis var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek). 51 10

This contribution provides a summary and integration of the abundant research findings culled from over 2000 articles dealing with the effects of sibship variables on child development. The review covers the effects of each of the sibship variables: sibship size, ordinal position, and sibling age spacing with regard to intelligence, achievement, creativity, personality, and health. All descriptions included are based on at least 1 reported research finding. Speculative literature is consistently excluded. Each and all of the sibship variables have effects, from just demonstrable to uncommonly powerful, on intelligence, academic achievement, occupational success, creativity, emotional control, socialization, health, and longevity. Despite the fact that they are derived from variously oriented and designed investigations, the studies reviewed present overall amazingly consistent results. Intelligence and personality traits are powerfully influenced by parental behavior and sibling interaction, particularly during the child's 1st 3 years of life. Yet, both cognitive and conative characteristics lend themselves to improvement by positively altering parental behavior through psychotherapy, or better yet, by widespread open recognition of the importance and the intricacies of child rearing which has been almost totally left to parental whims and folklore The available basic knowledge needs to be used as a foundation for high school and college cources aimed at upgrading child rearing practies. Reseach and clinical evidence strongly and definitely indicate that socially desirable personality traits result from small families in which the children are spaced 3 or more years apart. Both the displaced and displacing child are seriously disturbed by close spacing -- the displaced child showing the greatest disturbance. Early displacement leads to early and persistent cognitive effects on intelligence and psychosocial development. Considering the effects of size of the family: large families seem to produce greater risk of arthritis, peptic ulcer, and cancer, as well as greater neonatal and early childhood morbidity and higher mortality rates. The goal in family planning and education in parenting would be to have each child wanted and welcomed and to have the parents devote sufficient time to the child to understandhis/her needs. widely spaces and fewer children are associated not only with upward mobilithy and an improved standard of living but also with greater overall individual ability, well being, and creativity.
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PMID:Sibship-constellation effects on psychosocial development, creativity, and health. 54 32

Thirty-eight strains of the Gram-positive bacterium identified as Bacillus licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek), referred to as BLE, were isolated in various stages of reversion form the L-forms, from 28 out of 100 samples of whole blood or erythrocytes from normal healthy subjects, after prolonged incubation. Similar results were obtained from 100 samples from hospital patients with conditions not usually associated with blood infection. BLE was isolated from only one of 125 samples of plasma, including those separated from infected erythrocytes. Isolates from cultures incubated for up to 4 months were usually in the form of spheroplasts or diphtheroid bacilli; the fully reverted phase, resembling B. licheniformis, with the capacity to form endospores, was isolated occasionally from cultures aged 1--6 months, and it constituted about half the isolates recovered from cultures aged 6--25 months. BLE was isolated in subculture, and with the usual frequency, in previously unopened, primary cultures. It did not occur in 1200 subcultures of 150 control cultures made with autoclaved or irradiated blood cells; it was not detected in the environment of the laboratory or blood-sampling areas, or on the skin or in the respiratory passages of the operators and other persons associated with the laboratory, where typical, saprophytic B. licheniformis was very rare. It is concluded that this Bacillus species exists as an L-form, associated with the erythrocytes of a large proportion of normal persons, as previously recorded by several observers. Some of the morphological variants associated with the L-cycles have in the past been described as different organisms, for example L-forms of various bacteria or mycoplasmas, and the diphtheroid stage has been thought to belong to the genera Corynebacterium and Listeria. The sporogenous stage, although frequently described, has normally been discounted as a contaminant. These observations do not admit of any conclusion in respect of the claims that such bacteria may have a role in arthritis, cancer or other diseases.
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PMID:The isolation and characters of L-forms and reversions of Bacillus licheniformis var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek) associated with the erythrocytes of clinically normal persons. 68 79


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