Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003635 (apraxia)
 2,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency and characteristics of apraxia in 63 stroke patients with left- or right-hemisphere damage were examined. Analyses focussing on five dimensions of gestural performance revealed an overall frequency of apraxia of 54% in patients with LHD and 30% in patients with RHD. Although both groups were impaired on the orientation and hand posture dimensions of performance, the patients with RHD exhibited significantly poorer performance on the location dimension and the patients with LHD on the action dimension. Analyses of intrahemispheric lesion localization implicated damage to subcortical areas involving periventricular white matter tracts at the temporoparietal junction with apraxia.
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PMID:Analyses of deficits in gestural pantomime. 1007 40

Apraxia is the loss of the ability to perform learned, skilled movements correctly, and is frequently attributed to left hemisphere damage (Heilman & Rothi, 1985). Recent work (Dumont, Ska, & Schiavetto, 1999) has shown a dissociation between transitive (tool based; e.g., hammering a nail) and intransitive (expressive/ communicative; e.g., waving goodbye) actions; however, few group studies have specifically addressed apraxia for intransitive gestures. The present investigation examined the frequency and severity of praxis errors related to the production of intransitive gestures in left (LHD) or right hemisphere stroke (RHD) patients in the context of Roy's (1996) model of limb praxis. A total of 119 consecutive stroke patients (LHD = 57, RHD = 62) and 20 healthy age-matched controls performed eight intransitive gestures to pantomime and imitation. Performance was quantified via a multi-dimensional error notation system, providing detail about specific elements of performance (e.g., location), and a composite score reflecting overall gestural accuracy. Analyses of pantomime and imitation performance revealed an equal percentage of apraxic patients in each stroke group, and the severity of apraxia in these groups was also equivalent. Further, analyses of the patterns of apraxia specified by Roy (1996) revealed that patients in each stroke group demonstrated selective impairments in pantomime (LHD = 38%, RHD = 42%), or imitation (LHD = 9%, RHD = 5%) conditions, whereas others demonstrated concurrent impairments (LHD = 30%, RHD = 22%) indicating that stroke to either hemisphere can selectively impair each stage in the production of an intransitive action.
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PMID:Intransitive limb gestures and apraxia following unilateral stroke. 1177 40

The study investigated performance on pantomime and imitation of transitive and intransitive gestures in 80 stroke patients, 42 with left (LHD) and 38 with right (RHD) hemisphere damage. Patients were also categorized in two groups based on the time that has elapsed between their stroke and the apraxia assessment: acute-subacute (n=42) and chronic (n=38). In addition, patterns of performance in apraxia were examined. We expected that acute-subacute patients would be more impaired than chronic patients and that LHD patients would be more impaired than RHD patients, relative to controls. The hemisphere prediction was confirmed, replicating previous findings. The frequency of apraxia was also higher in all LHD time post-stroke groups. The most common impairment after LHD was impairment in both pantomime and imitation in both transitive and intransitive gestures. Selective deficits in imitation were more frequent after RHD for transitive gestures but for intransitive gestures they were more frequent after LHD. Patients were more impaired on imitation than pantomime, relative to controls. In addition, after looking at both gesture types concurrently, we have described cases of patients who suffered deficits in pantomime of intransitive gestures with preserved performance on transitive gestures. Such cases show that the right hemisphere may be in some cases critical for the successful pantomime of intransitive gestures and the neural networks subserving them may be distinct. Chronic patients were also less impaired than acute-subacute patients, even though the difference did not reach significance. A longitudinal study is needed to examine the recovery patterns in both LHD and RHD patients.
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PMID:Associations and dissociations of transitive and intransitive gestures in left and right hemisphere stroke patients. 2016 14

Praxis is defined as skilled, purposive limb movement. While it has been a consistent finding that lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere result in significantly worse performance on praxis testing than lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere, recently some investigators have proposed that the right hemisphere may also play an important role in mediating praxis. To learn if the right hemisphere does have a role in praxis we studied right-handed patients with right or left hemisphere lesions, as well as right-handed normal controls who were matched for age and education. Two trained raters scored the transitive gesture performance of the forelimb ipsilateral to the injured hemisphere. For the normal controls, left and right hand performances were scored separately and used for statistical comparison. Independent comparisons were made on six dimensions that are important for accurate gesture performance and on an overall apraxia score. When compared to normal control subjects the patients with left hemisphere lesions (LHD) did demonstrate deficient praxis; that is, ideomotor apraxia. However, those with right hemisphere lesions (RHD) did not. Based on this study it would appear that the right hemisphere does not play a crucial role in praxis.
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PMID:Praxis performance with left versus right hemisphere lesions. 2452 90