Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003635 (apraxia)
 2,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of astrocytoma whose first clinical presentation was diagnostic dyspraxia was reported. A 38-year-old right-handed male experienced funny motion of his left hand triggered by voluntary movement of his right hand. One day, he tried to insert a coin into the vending machine with his right hand, then the left hand was against the other. One month after that event, he experienced headache and vertigo. On admission, there were no abnormal findings on neurological examination. On neuropsychological examination, he was cooperative, well orientated and attentive, and there were no callosal disconnection symptoms. Frontal lobe function tests were slightly impaired. T1-weighted MRI demonstrated irregular mixed signal intensity mass lesion extending from the genu to the body of the corpus callosum and the cingulate gyrus. This lesion was slightly enhanced with Gd-DTPA. Biopsy was performed and histological diagnosis was fibrillary astrocytoma. After irradiation and chemotherapy, he was discharged from the hospital without evident neurological deficit. About 20 cases of diagnostic dyspraxia have been reported and almost all of them were caused by cerebro-vascular disease. This is the first case of brain tumor who presented diagnostic dyspraxia.
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PMID:[A case of astrocytoma of corpus callosum presented diagnostic dyspraxia]. 754 21

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an increased risk of falling resulting from visual disturbances, difficulties with gait and balance, apraxia of gait and peripheral neuropathy. These factors often interact synergistically to compromise the patient's gait stability. It has long been recognized that walking involves a cognitive component and that simultaneous cognitive and motor operations (dual-task) such as talking while walking may interfere with normal ambulation. Talking while walking reflects an example of a dual-task which is frequently impaired in MS patients. Impaired dual-task performance during walking may compromise the patient's gait and explain why in some circumstances, MS patients unexpectedly lose their balance and fall. Frontal lobe dysfunction, which commonly occurs in MS patients, may disrupt dual-task performance and increase the risk of falling in these patients. This report concerns a 36 old man with remitting-progressive MS with an EDSS score of 5.5 who experienced marked increase in spasticity in the legs and trunk and worsening of his gait and balance, occasionally resulting in falling, when talking while walking. His gait and balance improved dramatically after he received two successive transcranial treatments, each of 45 minutes, with AC pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of 7.5 picotesla flux density. Simultaneously, there was improvement in dual-task performance to the extent that talking while walking did not adversely affect his ambulation. In addition, neuropsychological testing revealed an almost 5-fold increase in word output on the Thurstone's Word-Fluency Test, which is sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. It is suggested that facilitation of dual-task performance during ambulation contributes to the overall improvement of gait and balance observed in MS patients receiving transcranial treatment with AC pulsed EMFs.
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PMID:Treatment with electromagnetic fields improves dual-task performance (talking while walking) in multiple sclerosis. 952 59

We present two cases of progressive early-onset dementia with apraxia and visuospatial disability as initial manifestations. In the later stages of the illness Gerstmann's and Balint's syndromes developed. Structural neuroimaging demonstrated parieto-occipital atrophy and functional imaging revealed bilateral hypometabolism and hypoperfusion in these areas. These cases fulfil the diagnostic criteria of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Frontal lobe involvement became evident as the disease progressed. Alzheimer's disease also typically features this anterior spread and possibly this is the underlying pathological substrate for this clinical syndrome, although definite pathology is lacking. In this report, we describe longitudinal evolution in these two cases of PCA.
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PMID:Posterior cortical atrophy. Two case reports and a review of the literature. 1151 56

In this paper, we review the symptoms associated with damages to the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Similarities and differences between the symptoms observed after a stroke and in frontotemporal lobar degeneration are also discussed. Frontal lobe damages may lead to various apraxic disorders, including limb-kinetic, ideomotor, gait, buccofacial, and ocular motor apraxia. Language dysfunction can arise from perisylvian lesions as well as from extra-perisylvian regions. Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, pure word deafness, and aphemia are typical examples of disorders caused by damages to the perisylvian region. Transcortical motor and anomic aphasias are mostly associated with damages to the extra-perisylvian region. Although it has been reported that executive dysfunction is associated with damages to the frontal lobe, it remains to be determined whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the 2. A combination of memory, attention, emotional, and mood disorders may underlie executive dysfunction. Patients with lesions in the inferior temporal lobe often present with various types of agnosia. Visual agnosia is common in semantic dementia, but is infrequent after a stroke in the temporal lobe. Prosopagnosia is a rare consequence of damages to the temporal lobe. Bilateral and right-sided lesions are likely to cause this disorder than left-sided lesions. Although, prosopagnosia is less frequently observed than visual agnosia in semantic dementia, it still is one of the common features of the disease. Bilateral injuries to the mesial temporal lobes have been known to induce a marked amnesic syndrome. It is devastating in that the patient can remember virtually nothing new. However, memories acquired before the injuries are mostly conserved and the patient can still learn motor skills.
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PMID:[The symptomatology of frontal and temporal lobe damages]. 1993 77