Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0003635 (apraxia)
 2,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Apraxia of lid opening is a nonparalytic motor abnormality characterized by difficulty in initiating the act of lid elevation. It has been reported with extrapyramidal disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Shy-Drager syndrome. We found seven cases (7%) of functionally disabling apraxia of lid opening in 100 consecutive blepharospasm patients studied. It is important for physicians treating blepharospasm to be aware of the association between these two visually debilitating disorders.
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PMID:Apraxia of lid opening in blepharospasm. 238 54

Apraxia of lid opening was described by Goldstein and Cogan as "a non paralytic motor abnormality characterized by the patient's difficulty in initiating the act of lid elevation." We studied six such patients with this finding accompanied by vigorous frontalis contraction and no evidence of ongoing orbicularis oculi contraction, dysfunction of the oculomotor nerve, or loss of ocular sympathetic innervation. Four patients had Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism, one had progressive supranuclear palsy, and one had Shy-Drager syndrome. At onset of ocular symptoms, mean age was 64 years, and the mean duration of extrapyramidal symptoms was 9.7 years. By definition, the motor system must be intact in any apraxia. Therefore, this disorder of lid opening in patients with extrapyramidal motor dysfunction is not an apraxia, but rather involuntary levator palpebrae inhibition of supranuclear origin.
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PMID:"Apraxia" of eyelid opening: an involuntary levator inhibition. 397 4