Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003129 (Anoxia)
 551 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intestinal mucosa is one the tissues most sensitive to ischemia. Anoxia of the gut is known to result in an early impairment of cellular permeability and transcapillary barrier function upon reperfusion. In vitro, an increased permeability of endothelial cell monolayers could be shown to be related to a decrease in cellular content of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Thus, the present study was aimed at investigating the role of the cellular cAMP second messenger signal in the context of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury after cold preservation. Segments of the upper jejunum were isolated from Wistar rats with vascular pedicle and flushed with 10 ml of UW preservation solution. The intestinal lumen was rinsed with 10-15 ml of UW solution and the organ was stored immersed in UW solution at 4 degrees C for 4 or 18 h. After 18 h of cold ischemic storage structural and functional integrity of the preparation was tested by perfusion via the vascular system with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer and the intestinal lumen with saline solution (containing 200 mg % of galactose) for 30 min. In half of the experiments, dibutyryl-cAMP a membrane permeable cAMP analogue, was admixed to the flush solution (2 mM). It was found that tissue levels of cAMP linearily decreased to 34% during 18 h of ischemic preservation in UW. Addition of dibutyryl cAMP significantly improved postischemic recovery of the intestinal preparations by decreasing cellular loss of lactic dehydrogenase (18.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 7.6 +/- 2.6 U/I) and improving intestinal absorbtion of galactose from the luminal circuit (0.18 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.14 mg %) after 30 min of oxygenated reperfusion, but was not effective to reduce transcapillary water loss into the gut lumen. It is concluded that the anoxia-related decrease of the cellular cAMP level may represent a codeterminator influencing postischemic recovery of the small bowel and that the control of the cAMP signal of ischemic intestines might improve the quality of cold preservation of the gut prior to transplantation.
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PMID:Cellular signal level of cyclic AMP and functional integrity of the small bowel after ischemic preservation: an experimental pilot study in the rat. 956 49

The in vivo production of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) by earthworms is due to their gut microbiota, and it is hypothesized that the microenvironment of the gut activates ingested N(2)O-producing soil bacteria. In situ measurement of N(2)O and O(2) with microsensors demonstrated that the earthworm gut is anoxic and the site of N(2)O production. The gut had a pH of 6.9 and an average water content of approximately 50%. The water content within the gut decreased from the anterior end to the posterior end. In contrast, the concentration of N(2)O increased from the anterior end to the mid-gut region and then decreased along the posterior part of the gut. Compared to the soil in which worms lived and fed, the gut of the earthworm was highly enriched in total carbon, organic carbon, and total nitrogen and had a C/N ratio of 7 (compared to a C/N ratio of 12 in soil). The aqueous phase of gut contents contained up to 80 mM glucose and numerous compounds that were indicative of anaerobic metabolism, including up to 9 mM formate, 8 mM acetate, 3 mM lactate, and 2 mM succinate. Compared to the soil contents, nitrite and ammonium were enriched in the gut up to 10- and 100-fold, respectively. The production of N(2)O by soil was induced when the gut environment was simulated in anoxic microcosms for 24 h (the approximate time for passage of soil through the earthworm). Anoxia, high osmolarity, nitrite, and nitrate were the dominant factors that stimulated the production of N(2)O. Supplemental organic carbon had a very minimal stimulatory effect on the production of N(2)O, and addition of buffer or ammonium had essentially no effect on the initial N(2)O production rates. However, a combination of supplements yielded rates greater than that obtained mathematically for single supplements, suggesting that the maximum rates observed were due to synergistic effects of supplements. Collectively, these results indicate that the special microenvironment of the earthworm gut is ideally suited for N(2)O-producing bacteria and support the hypothesis that the in situ conditions of the earthworm gut activate ingested N(2)O-producing soil bacteria during gut passage.
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PMID:The earthworm gut: an ideal habitat for ingested N2O-producing microorganisms. 1262 Aug 57