Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0003128 (anovulation)
 1,718 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 24-year-old woman is described with irregular menstruation, anovulation, and infertility due to primary hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Her baseline gonadotropins and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were increased. Microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies were present. Stimulation of pituitary hormone release with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) resulted in appropriate responses of TSH and prolactin (PRL) as well as a substantial rise in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH). Luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) markedly inhibited LH release. Bromoergocryptine led to inhibition of TSH and PRL. These results suggest that specific and nonspecific responses of pituitary glycoproteins to provocative stimuli reflect a profound disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in this case of hypothyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Paradoxical pituitary hormone responses in a case of primary hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. 681 39

This controlled study compared behavioral and emotional factors in a group of anovulatory infertile women requesting treatment to achieve pregnancy. The sample comprised 49 women with secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea in the treatment group, 141 women in the fertile comparison group, and 104 women with diagnoses other than anovulation in an infertile comparison group. Scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90), the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Langner Screening Scale, a Mood Analog Scale, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were in the normal range and did not differ significantly between the groups. On other measures, the treatment group rated itself significantly less potent than to partner, mother, or father and reported more inhibited sexual attitudes than the comparison groups. Conclusions were that neurotic personality structure or psychopathology were not significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparison groups. Whether the lower self-esteem and inhibited sexual attitudes of the treatment group resulted from or preceded infertility could not be determined.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral and emotional factors: comparisons of anovulatory infertile women with fertile and other infertile women. 687 17

Repeated postcoital tests (PCTs) were evaluated in couples with unexplained infertility, in couples with circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies of the head-to-head (H-H) or tail-to-tail (T-T) type in serum, and in couples without any antibodies. The results were compared with those of PCTs in the conception cycle from women undergoing gonadotropin treatment for anovulation. Only limited differences in the PCT results were noted between couples with sperm-agglutinating antibodies, couples without such antibodies, and fertile couples.
 ...
PMID:Postcoital testing in relation to circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies in women. 689 64

A 32-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of primary infertility. In addition to anovulation associated with hyperprolactinaemia, she was found to have high titres of anti-sperm antibodies of agllutinating and immobilizing types. These were present in both serum and cervical mucus. After the regular use of condoms for nine months, all antibody titres fell dramatically and immobilizing antibodies became undetectable. Successful pregnancy quickly ensued. This report documents in thorough detail for the first time the sequential antibody changes associated with successful occlusion therapy.
 ...
PMID:Successful pregnancy after occlusion therapy for high-titre sperm antibodies. 696 42

Estrogens, whether natural or synthetic, have a wide range of clinical uses in the human female. In prepubertal females, estrogens are used in treating gonadal dysgenesis, excessive height, and genital infections. During the reproductive years, estrogens are used in managing 1) menstrual disorders (amenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea); 2) infertility (poor cervical mucus and anovulation); 3) pregnancy (abortion, lactation suppression); 4) dermatological disorders (acne vulgaris, hirsutism); 5) combined estrogen/progestogen usage for contraception; and 6) postcoital contraception. During the climacteric/postmenopausal years, estrogens are used in treating menopausal syndrome and breast cancer as well as various genital problems (infection, atropic vaginitis, genital prolapse). In the human male, estrogens are used in treating prostatic carcinoma and sexual problems. Estrogen therapy should be used with caution, and benefits should be weighed against the hazards. Possible side effects and alternative forms of treatment should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Clinical uses of estrogens. 700 4

Analysis of published series indicates that, irrespective of the method of data collection, close agreement exists on empirically derived incidences of spontaneous abortion in North American populations, provided that age, previous abortion history, and gravidity are controlled. The normal incidence of clinically apparent abortion among first pregnancies in women under age 30 years is in the range 8.3% to 11.0%. A comprehensive analysis of published series on pregnancies after infertility treatment indicates that only three therapeutic methods are attended by an abortion incidence that approaches this asymptote: ovulation induction with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic anovulation (11.8%; n = 1,233 pregnancies); artificial insemination with donor semen for azoospermia (11.4%; n = 326 first pregnancies); and operation for endometriosis (9.3%; n = 768 pregnancies). Abortion incidences accompanying other modes of therapy are higher. Because increased abortion incidence is not generally recognized as a specific reproductive difficulty in infertile couples, as are the other two: i.e., refractory infertility despite technically adequate therapy and ectopic pregnancy, plausible physiologic mechanisms for abortions in specific categories of disease or treatment type are described and discussed in detail. Moreover, abortion incidence is proposed to be a sensitive and objective parameter with which to assess distortions in human reproductive physiology, especially when competing methods of infertility treatment have overall pregnancy outcomes that are thought to be similar.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous abortion incidence in the treatment of infertility. 704 44

30-40% of patients with endometriosis are infertile, and 6-15% of infertile women have endometriosis. Although the cause of the infertility observed in patients with mild endometriosis has not been established, several hypotheses have been proposed. Recent investigations have shown a link between endometriosis, altered prostaglandin (PG) secretion and metabolism, and infertility. Increased levels of PG metabolites have been found in the peritoneal fluid (PF) washings from patients with endometriosis; increased PF volume has also been noted. The increased PG concentration may alter ovarian function and tubal motility. Other studies have found endometriosis to coexist with anovulation. When both problems are treated, pregnancy rates improve. Many women with endometriosis may have a luteal phase defect. An autoimmune response to endometriosis has been considered as a cause of infertility as well. This response could produce rejection of the early implanted embryo or interfere with sperm transport. Endometriosis has also been regarded as a cause for some spontaneous abortion, but there may be a mediating mechanism, e.g., immune response or luteal phase defect. It is not known whether the various phenomena associated with endometriosis have a genetic basis or represent a secondary effect of endometriosis. A multivariate hypothesis, in which any or all of the factors noted in previous studies may be responsible for endometriosis-associated infertility and to varying degrees in different patients, is proposed. There may be genes that interfere with PG metabolism or lead to deficient immune status. If the multivariate causation theory is confirmed, patient evaluation may require performance of several diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of each factor and the extent to which that factor affects fertility. This approach will permit appropriate individualization of therapy.
 ...
PMID:How does mild endometriosis cause infertility? 704 39

During a 10-year period, 428 women received clomiphene citrate according to a graduated therapeutic regimen in which the dose of clomiphene and the laboratory studies were individualized according to each patient's history, examination and response. Of the 428 patients, 85.3% ovulated and 42.8% conceived. The great majority of those who conceived did so during the first three ovulatory cycles. There was no evidence that clomiphene therapy was associated with the induction of another cause of infertility. Overall, 88.2% of those with no other causes for infertility who ovulated also conceived. However, only 7.8% of those who had one or more factors in addition to anovulation became pregnant. There was no evidence that clomiphene adversely affected the postcoital test, as only 15% of the patients had poor cervical mucus. The low rate of complications of this treatment, 5.1% cyst formation as well as the 14% abortion rate and the 2.6% congenital anomaly rate and the excellent gestational outcome in those who conceived support the use of this treatment regimen.
 ...
PMID:A decade's experience with an individualized clomiphene treatment regimen including its effect on the postcoital test. 706 Jul 66

Anovulatory sterility is considered as one of high-risk factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma. We produced an animal model of anovulation in Sprague-Dawley rats and compared the changes of reproductive organs, such as ovary and uterus, of androgen sterilized rats (ASR) with normal rats (NR). The results obtained were as follow: 1) Vaginal opening was observed at 45 days of age in all of NR, however it was observed in 63% of ASR at 300 days of age. 2) Infertility rate of ASR was 98%, and all of ASR revealed persistent estrus. 3) The ovarian and uterine weights of ASR were smaller than those of NR. 4) Numerous vesicular follicles and absence of corpora lutes were characteristics in the ovary of ASR. 5) Severe hyperplasia of the endometrium was recognized in 5 of 49 ASR, including 2 atypical hyperplasia. 6) Serum progesterone levels of ASR was significantly lower than that of NR. Therefore E/P ratio increased in ASR. 7) The uterine sensitivity of ASR to gonadectomy and estradiol administration was reduced. These results indicate that uterus of ASR is tonically stimulated by estrogen and that androgenization also causes proliferative alterations in uterine morphology.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental studies on high risk factor of endometrial carcinoma functional and histological abnormalities of ovaries and uteri in experimental anovulatory rats (author's transl)]. 706

22 physician-providers who serve natural family planning (NFP) programs, mostly in the private sector, gathered to formulate a standard terminology for the field. The Billings and sympto-thermal methods are the 2 methods taught by this group. The sypto-thermal method helps a woman predict ovulation by detecting changes in her cervical mucus and in the cervix itself. Ovulation is confirmed by monitoring the temperature shift as well as by observing the cessation of mucus buildup, closing of the cervix, and firmness of the os. Those women using the Billings ovulation method predict fertility by the appearance of the cervical mucus, its sensation, color, and elasticity. Sperm will only survive if the cervical mucus is of the fertile type. It is also helpful to recognize mucus patterns of anovulation during breastfeeding, weaning, and premenopause. Use-effective rates which only reflect pregnancy are inadequate in evaluating NFP. A series of definitions are presented which in the future will help to analyze NFP data to accurately reflect NFP effectiveness. The terms included are: total pregnancies, planned pregnancy rate, pregnancy avoidance, method effectiveness rate, method-related pregnancies, informed choice pregnancies, teaching-related pregnancies, and unresolved pregnancies. All NPF teaching programs include instruction in basic reproductive physiology and in the recognition of the fertile phase. The cervical mucus factor is emphasized in ovulation method groups while thermal and other parameters are given equal weight in the sympto-thermal groups. It is the intent of NPF to teach couples to distinguish the fertile phase by using the fertility markers and to have them integrate this information into their sexual decision making. Success is dependent on teacher skill and the ability to inspire confidence in the method. Recognition of the mucus patterns of ovulation and anovulation are crucial in assessing infertility. All family providers under Title 10 must by law offer either NFP instruction or referrals to sites which do. A directory of non-Title 10 providers of NFP Services is available for $4.00 from the Human Life and NFP Foundation, 205 South Patrick Street, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314.
 ...
PMID:Terminology and core curricula in natural family planning. 709 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10