Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003128 (anovulation)
 1,718 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

H 3452 (bis-para-acetoxyphenyl-cyclo-hexylidene-methane) was prescribed for 48 women with infertility due to anovulation or luteal insufficiency, 21 women with menopausal symptoms, and 6 men with oligospermia. The infertile women took 4 tablets of 200 mg per day for 6 days and 13 became pregnant, 13 ovulated, 22 either failed to ovulate or their temperature curves were indefinite. 6 of 13 patients with sterility due to central causes became pregnant and 3 ovulated; 5 of 22 with sterility at the ovarian level became pregnant and 4 ovulated; 3 with luteal insufficiency ovulated; but 3 with late ovulation failed to respond. H 3452 was given to 26 women with menopausal symptoms (21 with natural menopause, 4 with surgical menopause, and 1 with precocious menopause), in a dose of 2 tablets daily for 20 days per month for 3-6 months. All but 5 improved. 6 oligospermic men took H 3452 without noticably increasing sperm numbers.
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PMID:[Utilization of a new drug: H3452 in some functional abnormalities and especially those of ovulation]. 535 76

A prospective study of 200 patients complaining of infertility was conducted to determine the incidence of detectable lesions, in particular tubal occlusion, pelvic tuberculosis, and anovulation. These cases of primary and secondary infertility presented at the Gynecological Outpatient Department of the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi. Tubal insufflation and endometrial biopsy were performed as outpatient procedures without general anesthesia. The 200 patients were divided into those with primary infertility who had never conceived, and those with secondary infertility who had conceived on at least 1 occasion. The Mantoux test was positive in 93 patients (46.5%) and negative in 107 (53.5%). The 4 cases of tuberculous endometritis diagnosed in the study had strongly positive results, but the Mantoux result bore no significant relationship to the incidence of tubal occlusion. Culture of the endometrium for M. tuberculosis in 200 cases yeilded 3 positive cultures (1.5%). These corresponded to the histological results and a definite diagnosis of tuberculosis endometritis was therefore established in 3 cases. In the 4th case, where the culture was negative, the histological evidence was very convincing, and it was considered justified to commence antituberculous therapy on this evidence alone. Tubal insufflation was performed in 3 out of these 4 cases and all showed blocked tubes. The menstrual cycles of 26 cases out of the 30 found to have proliferative phase endometrium were regular and unremarkable. The remaining 4 patients, where the histological pattern showed evidence of prolonged estrogen stimulation, had irregular menses suggestive of anovulatory menstruation. Of the 200 cases investigated, 98 patients (49%) had a demonstrable lesion preventing conception, 96 having blocked tubes, 1 having tuberculosis endometritis alone, and 1 having anovulation alone. 6 cases had 2 lesions preventing conception. No patients in the study became pregnant during the course of the investigation.
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PMID:The investigation and management of infertility in East Africa. A prospective study of 200 cases. 542 87

Laparoscopic diagnosis of pelvic schistosomiasis and the possible effects of this lesion on fertility were examined at the Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt over the 1977-1980 period. All infertile patients who came from endemic areas were thoroughly investigated for schistosomiasis. During the first 2 years of the study, there were 13 patients aged 23-38 years with pelvic schistosomiasis. Exploration was undertaken in all cases and atraumatic adnexolysis was performed. In 3 patients myomectomy was also performed. Ovulatory defects were treated in 5 patients with 100-200 mg of clomiphene citrate administered daily for 5 days, beginning on the 2nd day of the menstrual cycle. In 2 women who failed to respond to a high dose of clomiphene citrate, Pergonal and human chorionic gonadotropins were used. Ambilhar was given to all patients for 6 days to treat schistosomiasis. The cervix was cauterized in 7 women who revealed bilharzial cervicitis. All patients were followed up for 15 months after treatment. All patients complained of primary infertility, the duration of which ranged from 4-14 years. Cervical erosion was present in 5 women, vaginal granulation in 2, and vaginal sandy patches in another 2 women. Pelvic examinations revealed the presence of coporel myomata in 3 patients. Cervicovaginal smears were positive for schistosomal ova in 3 patients. In all patients, the whole length of both fallopian tubes was visualized. These tubes revealed changes that indicated the presence of both periadnexal adhesion and intramural lesions. In all patients the uterine cavity was either normal sized or enlarged. The tubes were whitish, thickened, elongated and coiled. The ovary and the coiled ampullary portions of the tube were encapsulated in dense whitish adhesions. Methylene blue test confirmed the preservation of tubal patency. Bilharzial sandy spots and nodules were detected in all patients. Cervical biopsies revealed the presence of active or healed bilharzial cervicitis in 7 cases (53%). Repeated premenstrual endometrial biopsies showed normal secretory endometrium in 8 women, defective luteal phase in 3 women, and anovulation in 2 women. Laparoscopic biopsies showed a characteristic active or healed bilharzial lesion. As a result of treatment, there were 6 normal intrauterine pregnancies (46.2%). In 1 woman, pregnancy ended in abortion during the 10th gestational week. Ectopic pregnancy was reported in only 1 woman (7.7%). The study results suggest that pelvic schistosomiasis among infertile women is probably much more frequent than previously thought. In about 50% of patients atraumatic adnexolysis, cauterization of cervical lesions, and correction of luteal defects may be followed by pregnancy.
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PMID:Pelvic schistosomiasis and infertility. 612 46

The introduction of powerful ovulation induction agents, such as gonadotropins, has made an important contribution to the temporary elimination of the anovulation syndrome. Since the treatment is expensive and not without significant medical complication, it is vitally important to conduct therapy according to a well-defined monitoring system. In the past, clinicians have tended to monitor gonadotropin therapy by biophysical signs, but they were found to be insufficient monitors if used alone. Estrogen secretion from the ovaries does reflect the follicular maturation process. In this study a combined individualized method for hMG/hCG therapy is presented. Fifty-one infertile anovulatory women were treated for a total of 124 treatment cycles. All courses of therapy were judged to have induced ovulation. There was a good clinical correlation between cervical score and increasing estrogen levels. The pregnancy rate was 62.7%, with 60% of patients becoming pregnant within the first three cycles of treatment. In spite of the complications of less than 1% of severe hyperstimulation, 15.5% multiple gestation, and 28% of abortion rate, gonadotropin therapy is a most efficient tool in the treatment of infertility due to anovulation.
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PMID:Experience with combined individualized method of hMG/hCG therapy. 613 81

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) was first described as a single disease by Stein and Leventhal in 1935, but now has been separated into several distinct entities, comprising a symptom complex. The most frequent presenting symptoms associated with PCOD are obesity, hirsutism, amenorrhea or anovulation, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, irregular menses, and infertility. The common finding of hirsutism in PCOD patients is a reflection of the hyperandrogenism resulting from elevation of all the androgens, including testosterone, androstenediol, dehydroepiandrostrone sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione. Some patients with all the clinical features of PCOD can be shown, through appropriate testing, to have an attenuated form of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are usually low or in the normal range, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are usually elevated in patients with PCOD, resulting in an altered LH/FSH ratio. Treatment for PCOD must be based on the needs and desires of the individual patient, and on the pathophysiology of the patient's particular abnormalities. When pregnancy is desired, ovulation induction with clomiphene is indicated. Clomiphene is a weak estrogen that induces a transient rise in serum LH and FSH, followed by a gonadotropic pattern similar to normal cycles. A 72% ovulation rate and a 41.8% conception rate have been reported after treatment with clomiphene. In patients who do not respond to clomiphene, or clomiphene with added human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) can be used to induce ovulation, but the patient should be closely monitored for multiple ovulation, multiple pregnancy, or hyperstimulation syndrome. For patients not interested in conception, regular menstrual cyclicity can be restored and hyperandrogenism reduced with oral contraceptives (OCs).
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PMID:Polycystic ovarian disease. 623 74

The purpose of this paper is to describe the formation of periovarian adhesions after ovarian bilateral wedge resection or laparoscopic biopsy. Twelve patients with polycystic ovaries and infertility had bilateral ovarian wedge resection and second-look laparoscopy after a mean of 33 months. On the other hand, twenty-four patients with various menstrual disorders had laparoscopic ovarian biopsy and subsequent second-look after a mean of 8.8 months. Ninety-two per cent of the patients who had wedge resection had some periovarian adhesions, and in three cases the adhesions were extensive enough to produce mechanical infertility. Pregnancy occurred in four patients despite the presence of filmy or moderate adhesions. The patients who had laparoscopic ovarian biopsy were found to be free of periovarian adhesions during the second-look ovarian visualization. We conclude that ovarian resection should be reserved for nonresponders to a nonsurgical approach of anovulation, and ovarian biopsy when properly done is not followed by periovarian adhesions.
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PMID:Periovarian adhesions following ovarian wedge resection or laparoscopic biopsy. 623 73

Breastfeeding reduces the interval between births by its effect on prolonging the period of postpartum anovulation and in some cases, reducing the likelihood of conception once ovulation has occurred. Extended durations of postpartum amenorrhea (18 months and longer) are observed among many women in developing countries, while shorter durations (6 months or less) are common among women in developed countries. This differential effect has been suggested to be related to maternal nutritional status, but numerous other factors also differ. This paper reviews the literature in this area, and suggests that most studies indicate a small and demographically insignificant effect of maternal nutritional status on the period of postpartum amenorrhea. Factors associated with suckling patterns appear to be more important in determining the length of postpartum infertility. Suckling frequency and intensity which affects the hormonal stimulus preventing ovulation appear to be affected by the type of and how supplemental feeding is given to the child (use of bottles), whether suckling is on demand or scheduled, the frequency of night-time feedings (influenced by whether or not the mother sleeps with the child), whether or not pacifiers are used, and the child's nutritional and health status.
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PMID:Maternal and child nutritional status: its association with the risk of pregnancy. 635 72

The proestrus preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was absent or delayed in more than 56% of untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Absence of LH surge was associated with anovulation. Insulin treatment for 10-14 days restored the diminished surge and ovulation frequency. Pituitary LH release in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration in diabetic rats was not different from controls. Impaired hypothalamic function may comprise the basis for the increased incidence of infertility in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Absent or delayed preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in experimental diabetes mellitus. 636 91

The clinical use of bromocriptine was investigated in 50 hyper- and 30 normoprolactinaemic women attending an infertility clinic and presenting with anovulatory cycles, oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea and the complaint that they had failed to become pregnant. The results confirmed that bromocriptine is effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic states. Bromocriptine supresses prolactin secretion irrespective of the underlying pathologic process. Hyperprolactinaemia in humans is frequently associated with anovulation. Serum prolactin values showed no close correlation with the degree of menstrual abnormalities or galactorrhoea. Basal FSH and LH levels and the gonadotropin response to LH-RH were essentially normal in hyperprolactinaemia. Circulating E2 levels were largely subnormal suggesting an inhibitory effect of prolactin on ovarian E2 production. Prolactin levels over 100 ng/ml are suggestive of pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:Hyperprolactinaemia and female infertility. 644 Jan 15

To evaluate the reproductive consequences of prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, 33 infertile couples were studied in whom the female had been exposed to DES in utero. Infertility was attributed to uterotubal junction obstruction in 3 couples, anovulation in 7, endometriosis in 11, cervical obstruction in 2, adnexal adhesions in 2, oligospermia in 1, and luteal insufficiency in 3; in 4 couples no cause of infertility could be identified. No unique intraabdominal abnormalities attributable to DES exposure were observed. 4 tubal pregnancies occurred in women with grossly normal oviducts. 9 of 11 women who had previously undergone surgical manipulation of the cervix (cryosurgery, cautery, or conization) developed cervical stenosis, and 8 were found to have endometriosis. Despite our not having an appropriate referral infertility population for comparison, these findings are consistent with these hypotheses regarding women prenatally exposed to DES: 1) surgical manipulation of the cervix more frequently leads to cervical stenosis and ultimately pelvic endometriosis; 2) tubal pregnancies may occur by a mechanism unrelated to salpingitis; and 3) the spectrum of problems causing infertility is similar to that in the non-DES-exposed population.
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PMID:Infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. 666 85


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