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Query: UMLS:C0003128 (anovulation)
 1,718 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Daily concentrations of salivary progesterone (P) were measured from 32 women during a complete menstrual cycle. Seventeen of the subjects were university students and 15 were patients of an infertility clinic (a severe male-factor was verified as the cause of infertility in all of them). Commercially available reagents for radio-immunoassay of serum P were modified for salivary measurements, to yield acceptable precision and sensitivity (40 pmol/l). Good correlation (r = 0.93) was found between salivary and serum P concentrations in samples collected simultaneously. The follicular phase levels of salivary P were below 100 pmol/l, and those at the luteal peak were 390 +/- 45 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM, n = 24). From the menstrual salivary P concentration curves we identified the first day of significant elevation above mean follicular levels (T2) and thereafter calculated the cumulative sum of daily P concentrations until 95% of the luteal phase secretion had accumulated (C95). The time needed to reach C95 (designated T95) and logC95 were plotted in coordinates and used as the basis of evaluation of normal menstrual P secretion. The observations were distributed in two groups, one with clearly identifiable T2 and a distinct luteal-phase P (ovulation had occurred) and one with no identifiable T2 and absent luteal-phase P peak (indicative of anovulation). Interestingly, 47% of the student population had an abnormally low menstrual P profile while all the other subjects displayed a clear luteal-phase peak of salivary P. These data provide more evidence for applicability of salivary P measurements for diagnosis of corpus luteam function and highlight the difficulty of selecting representative reference populations in studies on female reproductive endocrinology.
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PMID:Daily measurements of salivary progesterone reveal a high rate of anovulation in healthy students. 274 Aug 29

The immediate and long term fertility after bilateral ovarian wedge resection in 53 women with clomiphene citrate-resistant hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation is related to the histology of the ovarian wedges. Patients with polycystic ovaries and hyperplastic stromal abnormalities had most spontaneous conceptions and a normal fertility during follow-up. Apparently, chronic anovulation in these cases had been caused by ovarian disease in the face of normal hypothalamic function. Patients with polycystic ovaries without stromal abnormalities often needed postoperative stimulation of ovulation in order to conceive, which may indicate hypothalamic involvement. Patients with large ovaries, normal stroma, and small follicles, who as a group had the lowest serum levels of luteinizing hormone, and patients whose ovaries contained large follicles and cysts without theca cell activity did not benefit from the bilateral ovarian wedge resection. Generally, their postoperative response to medical induction of ovulation did not improve either. Measures to prevent adhesions were not completely successful. Nevertheless, our results suggest that anovulation rather than formation of adhesions causes persistent infertility after bilateral ovarian wedge resection.
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PMID:The relation of fertility and ovarian histology after bilateral ovarian wedge resection. 275 70

Female patients with beta-thalassaemia major usually suffer from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with amenorrhea, anovulation and infertility, attributed to the deposition of haemosiderin in the pituitary gland as well as in the ovaries. Pregnancies are rare and, with few exceptions, occur mainly in patients with beta-thalassaemia intermedia. Our study presents histopathological evidence that deposition of haemosiderin occurs in the endometrial glandular epithelium of 3 patients with beta-thalassaemia major. This deposition is mainly evident in the apical part of these cells above the nuclei, and should be taken into consideration as a contributing factor to the infertility in these patients by altering endometrial receptivity for implantation. In 2 patients who received effective iron chelating treatment with desferrioxamine the endometrial haemosiderin deposits either disappeared (patient C.R.), or were significantly reduced (patient G.L.).
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PMID:Endometrial glandular haemosiderosis in homozygous beta-thalassaemia. 275 23

The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of 100 infertile patients with oligomenorrhea. Familial predisposition to the impairments in the menstrual and reproductive functions was established as was a high rate of primary infertility and pregnancy wastage. Ninety per cent of the patients demonstrated ovarian dysfunction from the puberty, refractory anovulation was registered in the majority of the patients (70 per cent), intermittent in 22 and persistent ovulation only in 8 per cent of the examinees. Clinical and laboratory investigations confirmed hyperandrogenism in 80 per cent and hyperprolactinemia in 28 per cent of the patients. Laparoscopy demonstrated a high incidence of ovarian polycystosis (57 per cent), inflammatory genital changes (47 per cent), uterine myoma (7 per cent), and endometriosis of the external genitalia (7 per cent). There was no evidence of correlation between the content of plasma hormones, ovulatory disorders and endoscopic findings.
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PMID:[Oligomenorrhea syndrome in infertile patients]. 280 67

The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome is a form of anovulation and a subtle cause of female infertility. The syndrome cannot be diagnosed by traditional progesterone-dependent ovulation detection methods. Without the use of invasive procedures or sophisticated equipment, the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome may go unnoticed. The patient diagnosed as ovulatory, on the basis of traditional ovulation detection methods, who does not conceive may be experiencing the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, and thus infertility. The syndrome's incidence, detection, etiology, and treatment are described.
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PMID:The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: anovulation in disguise. 295 75

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) has been described by Asch et al. (1,2) as an alternative technique in the treatment of infertile couples. At the University of the Orange Free State, the GIFT technique was introduced in July 1985, and during phase I, 31 patients were treated by means of GIFT. All patients had had at least six cycles of ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Their diagnoses were anovulation (3 patients), mild endometriosis (17 patients), and unexplained infertility (11 patients). All husbands' semen analyses were normal. Of the 31 patients, 3 failed, due to spontaneous ovulation before laparoscopy (1 patient) and unsuccessful follicle aspiration at laparoscopy with no oocytes found (2 patients). Four ongoing pregnancies resulted from the remaining 28 patients. This represents a pregnancy rate of 14.29% per laparoscopy (including the failures). The patients who became pregnant had had infertility treatment for 5, 6, 8, and 8 years, respectively. GIFT therefore appears to be a promising method of treatment for long-standing infertility.
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PMID:Gamete intrafallopian transfer: a treatment for long-standing infertility. 296 31

The evaluation of the infertile couple is usually a lengthy investigation in which all possible etiologic factors in both partners have to be considered. Optimal and cost-effective investigation requires adequate recognition of significant historical data and physical findings. Males without stigmata of endocrinopathies or general medical illnesses require an analysis of their semen as the minimum initial step of evaluation. Those suspected of deficient androgen production and/or action and those with abnormal sperm counts, motility, and/or morphology need assessment of their serum concentrations of selected reproductive hormones. When these initial investigations are negative and there are no demonstrable etiologic female factors underlying the state of infertility, specialized sperm function and sperm allergy testing needs to be performed. The initial investigation of the female partner is best served by assessing the frequency of ovulation and adequacy of corpus luteum function. Women without ovulatory defects should be assessed for the presence of the hostile cervical mucus and structural anomalies of the reproductive tract. Investigations of patients with menstrual dysfunctions should be based upon the presence or absence of hirsutism, changes in body weight, and evidence of other endocrinopathies or medical illnesses. Following the identification and normalization of causes of anovulation, further work-up of patients who remain infertile is similar to those with regular menstrual cycles. The diagnosis of idiopathic infertility is essentially by exclusion of all other causes. Algorithms for the diagnostic evaluation of most infertile couples are provided.
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PMID:Evaluation of the infertile couple. 304 89

Infertile women with normal serum prolactin (PRL) levels have been known to establish a pregnancy after the use of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. These data imply that there may be a group of women with a slight but significant increase in PRL secretion that may have resulted in their infertility. This study evaluates the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced PRL and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response in normal women (NL, n = 6), women with anovulation and/or inphase endometrial biopsies (AN/IN, n = 12), and women with histologic evidence of luteal phase deficiency (LPD, n = 12). Most of these women were found to have elevated serum PRL values on random testing. There was a statistically significant increase in PRL response at all time intervals after TRH between the NL and AN/IN groups compared with the group with LPD on the basis of repeated measures analysis (P = 0.0013). There was no statistical difference in the TSH response between these three groups. Although the PRL response was statistically different, individual PRL response patterns were not diagnostic. It appears from these data that there is an increased PRL secretion in infertile women who have histological evidence of a LPD.
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PMID:Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in women with infertility and/or randomly elevated serum prolactin levels. 310 94

Ovulatory dysfunction is a leading cause of female infertility in the United States. Fortunately, ovulatory dysfunction is often amenable to treatment. Thorough testing is necessary to identify the exact cause of anovulation before conventional ovulation-inducing therapy is started. Careful patient monitoring is essential to avoid risks such as the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Several newer ovulation-inducing agents are available for use in special situations.
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PMID:The anovulatory patient. An orderly approach to evaluation and treatment. 312 77

The amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries, described by Stein and Leventhal, actually represents a syndrome involving various organs and systems. Clinically, this symptom complex commonly presents as menstrual disturbances, infertility, excessive body weight, and hirsutism. An understanding of the pathophysiology that underlies these symptoms provides a logical basis for evaluation and treatment of the syndrome. The diagnostic approach may involve biochemical determinations (baseline, stimulated, and suppressed) and radiologic testing. Therapy is directed at chronic anovulation, the hyperandrogenism responsible for hirsutism and acne, and the prophylaxis against endometrial and breast carcinomas. Ovulation can be induced with various agents, many of which have a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation in the PCOD patient. The use of GnRH agonists with HMG or FSH for ovulation induction will probably increase in the future. Although classic wedge resection has little place in modern management of PCOD, the recent laparoscopic ovarian cautery remains largely unstudied with respect to long-term postoperative plasma androgen levels and pelvic adhesions. It is too premature to evaluate this new surgical therapy. Hirsutism is effectively treated with estrogen-progestin combinations, medroxyprogesterone acetate, androgen receptor blockers (spironolactone, cimetidine, cyproterone acetate, and cyproheptadine), and glucocorticoids. To date, the available GnRH agonists have not been found selective enough to be used in the treatment of hirsutism, owing to possible long-term complications. Most medical approaches should include electrolysis for permanent hair removal. At present, gynecologic surgery seems to have little place in the management of hirsutism.
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PMID:Evaluation and therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome. 314 68


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