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Query: UMLS:C0003128 (anovulation)
 1,718 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anovulation is a frequent concomitant of alcohol abuse, but it has been difficult to assess the acute effects of alcohol on ovulation. Estradiol benzoate (E2 beta) can stimulate a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in ovariectomized monkeys that appears to be associated with increased luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) pulse frequency and amplitude. The acute effects of alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) and an isocaloric sucrose control solution on LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretory activity were studied in five ovariectomized monkeys 41 to 51 hours after administration of E2 beta (42 micrograms/kg, IM). Integrated plasma samples were collected at 20-minute intervals over 10 hours. Under sucrose control conditions, LH increased to 445 and 584 ng/ml within 46 to 49.3 hours after E2 beta administration in two monkeys and high-amplitude LH pulses were evident in three monkeys. Alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) significantly decreased the number of LH peaks and valleys (p < 0.01). Peak blood alcohol levels averaged 195 and 291 mg/dl. After 2.5 g/kg alcohol, there was no LH surge or LH pulses in four of five monkeys. A delayed LH surge occurred in one monkey 48 to 50.6 hours after E2 beta when blood alcohol levels decreased to 62 mg/dl. After 3.5 g/kg alcohol, no monkey had an LH surge and pulsatile LH release was significantly reduced in comparison to control conditions (p < 0.01). FSH levels remained stable across alcohol and control conditions. These data suggest that alcohol attenuates pituitary release of LH in response to E2 beta stimulation. These findings are consistent with menstrual cycle disruptions observed in alcohol-dependent women, social drinkers, and in a primate model of alcoholism.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol on E2 beta-stimulated luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. 147 94

Chronic alcoholism and drug abuse are often associated in women with derangements of reproductive function such as amenorrhea, anovulation, luteal phase dysfunction and early menopause. Endocrine profiles were studied of the first 18 women (aged 17-58) admitted consecutively to a Massachusetts hospital for treatment of alcohol/polysubstance dependence under civil commitment. Twelve women were diagnosed as alcohol dependent according to criteria established in DSM-III-R. Their daily alcohol consumption ranged from 42-324 grams. Six women were diagnosed as polysubstance dependent. In addition to alcohol (84-831 g/day), cocaine was the most frequently abused drug followed by tranquilizers, marijuana and opiates. Over 60% of alcohol-dependent women of reproductive age had either hyperprolactinemia or macrocytosis (increased mean corpuscular volume, MCV), or both. Over 60% of the polysubstance-dependent women of reproductive age had either hyperprolactinemia or increased MCV. Over 80% of alcohol-dependent women of postmenopausal age had either hyperprolactinemia or increased MCV, or both. We conclude that evaluation of plasma prolactin levels and MCV may be useful as biological state markers for alcoholism and polysubstance abuse in women.
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PMID:Hyperprolactinemia and macrocytosis in women with alcohol and polysubstance dependence. 156 Jun 69

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are associated with a broad spectrum of reproductive system disorders. Amenorrhea, anovulation, luteal phase dysfunction, and ovarian pathology may occur in alcohol-dependent women and alcohol abusers. Luteal phase dysfunction, anovulation and persistent hyperprolactinemia have also been observed in social drinkers studied under clinical research ward conditions. The mechanisms underlying alcohol-related disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-adrenal axis are unknown. The reproductive consequences of alcohol abuse and alcoholism range from infertility and increased risk for spontaneous abortion to impaired fetal growth and development. Recent studies of alcohol's effects on pituitary gonadotropins and on gonadal, steroid and adrenal hormones in women are reviewed. Research on the acute effects of alcohol on opioid antagonist and synthetic LHRH-stimulated pituitary gonadotropins is summarized. The implications of alcohol's effects on reproductive hormones for impairment of fetal growth and development are discussed.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine consequences of alcohol abuse in women. 266 59

The effects of acute alcohol administration on anterior pituitary function were studied in eight female rhesus monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Integrated plasma samples were collected for 80 min before and 120 min after nasogastric intubation of alcohol (2.5 or 3.5 g/kg) or isocaloric sucrose control solution. Synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH; 100 micrograms i.v.) was then administered, and plasma samples were collected for an additional 180 min. After sucrose control administration, LHRH stimulated a significant increase in both LH (P less than .001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P less than .004) within 30 and 80 min, respectively. After alcohol administration, LHRH-stimulated LH increased significantly (P less than .001) within 15 min when blood alcohol levels averaged 184 ( +/- 14.3) and 276 ( +/- 14.9)mg/dl. However, FSH levels remained equivalent to base line after alcohol and LHRH administration. The prevention by alcohol of LHRH stimulation of FSH during the follicular phase suggests that alcohol may attenuate normal follicular maturation, which in turn could result in luteal phase inadequacy or anovulation, conditions often observed in alcohol-dependent women and in animal models of alcoholism.
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PMID:Alcohol effects on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in female rhesus monkeys. 308 3

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are associated with disorders of reproductive function in both men and women. Amenorrhea, anovulation, and luteal phase dysfunction may occur in alcohol-dependent women and alcohol abusers. Yet there has been relatively little research on the consequences of alcohol abuse for female reproductive function. Recent clinical and survey studies of alcohol effects on pituitary gonadotropins and gonadal steroid hormones in women are reviewed. Experimental studies of the acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in normal women and in animal models are also described. Recent studies of the acute effects of alcohol on opioid antagonist and synthetic LHRH-stimulated pituitary gonadotropins are summarized. Possible mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced disruptions of menstrual cycle regularity are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol abuse on reproductive function in women. 328 56