Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0003123 (anorexia)
 13,794 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We hypothesized that peptidoglycan (PG) fragments decrease appetite in rats. Male Lewis rats (150 g; n > or = 7) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of purified soluble PG fragments that had been treated with polymyxin B-agarose to remove residual endotoxin. Food consumption and body weight gain were determined at intervals after injection. Single i.p. injections of macromolecular extensively O-acetylated PG (S-O-PG) and non-O-acetylated PG fragments (24 to 240 micrograms/kg) reduced food intake and body weight gain in a dose-dependent fashion during the first 12 h after injection. Low-molecular-weight disaccharide peptide monomers with nonreducing 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid ends and muramyl dipeptide (MDP; 1.6 mg/kg) were also appetite and weight gain suppressants, albeit at least 10-fold less potent than S-O-PG; however, muramidase-derived monomers and peptide cross-linked dimers with reducing muramic acid ends were inactive. Appetite suppression was not limited to the Lewis rat strain since another strain, F344, exhibited similar decreases in food intake after injection of S-O-PG or MDP. Oral administration of MDP or S-O-PG, at concentrations 3 and 20 times higher, respectively, than those that were active i.p., failed to elicit a hypophagic response. We conclude that soluble PG fragments are potent suppressants of food consumption and body weight gain in rats and that, although macromolecular PG is more potent than low-molecular-weight fragments, neither O-acetylation nor glycosidic linkage of PG fragments is required for activity. We speculate that PG fragments may contribute to loss of appetite during bacterial illness.
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PMID:Peptidoglycan fragments decrease food intake and body weight gain in rats. 803 98

Depression can be disguised by somatic symptoms, chronic pain, hypochondriacal or psychosomatic disorder. The predominant somatic presentation may render such cases to be misdiagnosed, wrongly investigated and treated. In this study 30 consecutive patients diagnosed as MDP Depression, who lacked sadness but presented with chronic pain have been described. The patients were mainly female, middle aged and from urban background. Pain, usually at multiple sites, was reported to be severe by most patients. Predominant depressive symptoms were lack of interest in surrounding (97%), though this was not directly reported, early morning a wakening (87%), loss of appetite (93%), suicidal ideas (67 %). None had marked sadness or weeping spells. Lack of reactivity of mood was present in only two cases. The clinical implications of such patients is discussed.
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PMID:Depressive psychosis presenting as chronic pain disorder. 2192 44

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), first described by Jakob Erdheim and William Chester in 1930, is a rare form of non-Langerhan's cell histiocytosis with unknown aetiology, is charaterized by systemic xanthogranulomatous infiltrative disease. To date, about 350 cases of ECD have been described in the medical literature. The typical ECD diagnostic triad is bone pain, diabetes insipidus and bilateral exophthalmos. A 24 years old man came at our attention for polydipsia with nocturnal and diurnal polyuria, anorexia, febrile episodes (38(o)C), and arthromyalgia especially in the knees. Physical examination showed bilateral periorbital xanthelasma. Blood exams showed increase of plasma osmolarity, haematocrit, sodium and urea and decrease of potassium. Urine exams showed just decreased urine specific gravity, (1.001;normal range: 1.010-1.030) suggestive for central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Brain magnetic resonance with gadolinium enhancement showed the presence of multiple hyperintense lesions expecially in neurohypophysis (swollen and with markedly contrast enhancement). All these data raised the suspision of neurosarcoidosis, so a chest and abdomen contrast enhancement computed tomography was performed, which didn't show abnormalities, making less possible the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Two weeks later, whole-body (from head to pelvis) plus lower limbs 18-fluorine-labelled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) was performed. Uptake of (18)F-FDG was observed in the upper portion of the midbrain area (SUV(max) 7.1) and the pituitary gland (SUV(max) 7.3), and diffuse bone marrow uptake of (18)F-FDG in the proximal epiphysis and metaphysis of both humeri and thigh bones (SUV(max) 6.5), shoulder blades, pelvis bones and the L2 vertebral body (SUV(max) 3.9). This (18)F-FDG PET/CT confirmed the presence of brain lesion seen in MRI , the absence of visceral lesions, but also showed the presence of an atypical bone uptake of (18)F-FDG, leading to the suspision of ECD. A technetium-99m-methyl-diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy ((99m)Tc-MDP) scan showed diffuse uptake of the radiopharmaceutical, in the diaphysis of long bones and in the left portion of the body and the spinous process of L2. Considering the difficulties of an osteomedullary or brain biopsy, biopsy was performed on a right anterior thoracic cutaneous xanthelasma. Histology showed lipid-laden histiocytes (CD1a-, CD68+, S-100 protein -) with small nuclei, Touton giant, lymphocytic infiltrates, eosinophils and fibrosis, ECD gold standard patterns as reported in literature. The patient was discharged with the diagnosis of ECD with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, and treatment started. The diagnosis can be lead by the most charateristic bone findings of symmetrical osteosclerosis of the long bones, especially the lower limbs (tibia and fibula), involving metaphyses and diaphyses but sparing epiphyses. The typical pattern of osteoscerosis of the long bones reflects increased osteoblastic activity. About half of all ECD patients may experience extraskeletal manifestations, including CNS. Visceral involvement in ECD is not specific, and this enforces the diagnostic value of skeletal imaging findings. Furthermore xanthomas can be found at any location on the skin, especially the eyelids as in our patient. For visceral involvement, CT is most useful, while MRI is more sensitive for CNS lesions. Involvement of CNS may be frequently revealed clinically by diabetes insipidus. Few case reports have shown that (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanning could be useful in assessing the extension of ECD lesions. Both radiography and (99m)Tc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy may reveal osteosclerosis of the long bones, which is a typical finding in ECD. The typical bone pattern of (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan is specific for ECD and (99m)Tc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy may be performed in patients in whom initial (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans present the possibility of ECD diagnosis. Others reported that (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans had good sensitivity (66.7%) and specificity (92.3%) as compared with MRI of the CNS involvement or lesions. In conclusion, the (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan and the (99m)Tc-MDP scan depicted many of the most relevant lesions of ECD for the initial assessment of ECD in our patient.
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PMID:(18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography and (99m)Tc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy in a case of Erdheim-Chester disease. 2208 57

Extraosseous accumulation of technetium-99m-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) on bone scan is not common. This phenomenon is often attributed to abnormality of calcium metabolism and has been reported in a variety of conditions including metabolic diseases and malignancies. A five years old boy is presented here, who was admitted to the pediatric emergency suffering from fatigue, respiratory symptoms, weight loss, intermittent fevers, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, edema of legs and abdominal distension for one month. The initial laboratory analysis revealed hypercalcemia. The patient was referred for whole body bone scan with suspicion of malignancy and bone metastasis. The bone scan revealed highly increased radiotracer uptake in both lungs in the perfusion and blood pool phases. Delayed images also showed increased activity in lungs and gastric wall. The skeleton was not seen clearly. Bone marrow aspiration was done and established the diagnosis of ALL. The patient deceased due to respiratory failure 20 days later. Diffuse lung uptake in this patient was consistent with respiratory failure and poor prognosis. It is reported that bone scan may be useful for assessment of the extent of metastatic calcification and may establish suitable management to prevent organ failure.
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PMID:Extraosseous Accumulation of Technetium-99m-Methyl Diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) in a Child with ALL: A Case Report. 2933 68