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Query: UMLS:C0003090 (arthrodesis)
 8,374 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complication in neurologic lesions such as head injury and spinal cord injury. Limitation of range of motion and ankylosis as results of HO are well documented. In this report, ten instances of nonarticular complications after development of HO are described. There were three instances of vascular compression, five instances of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow, and two instances of suspected lymphedema. Clinical findings and radiographic evidence of these complications are described. Clinicians should be aware of these complications when HO is diagnosed. In addition, HO should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in spinal cord injured and head injured patients.
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PMID:Nonarticular complication of heterotopic ossification: a clinical review. 158 Jul 83

The incidence of venous thromboembolism after elective knee surgery has previously been studied almost exclusively in patients receiving total knee replacements, in whom the risk of a deep vein thrombosis is approximately 60%. We report the results of ipsilateral ascending venography in 312 patients undergoing a wide variety of elective knee operations under tourniquet ischaemia, none of whom received any specific prophylaxis against thromboembolism. Total knee replacement was confirmed to carry a high risk with ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis in 56.4% and symptomatic pulmonary embolism in 1.9%. By contrast, arthroscopy was associated with a low incidence of venous thrombosis (4.2%). Meniscectomy, arthrotomy, patellectomy, synovectomy and arthrodesis were all high-risk procedures, particularly in patients over 40 years of age, and were associated with deep vein thrombosis rates of 25% to 67%. On the basis of these findings, we advise prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in all patients over 40 years of age undergoing elective knee surgery other than arthroscopy.
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PMID:Deep vein thrombosis after elective knee surgery. An incidence study in 312 patients. 278 98

We retrospectively reviewed the records of thirteen patients who had been managed with an arthrodesis of the knee with use of a vascularized graft from the ipsilateral fibula and fixation with an intramedullary rod. The indications for the operation included a large skeletal defect secondary to the resection of a tumor about the knee in eight patients, an infection at the site of an arthroplasty in four (with failure of a previous conventional arthrodesis in three of the four), and severe rheumatoid gonarthrosis as well as a persistent non-union of the distal part of the femur in one. The average age of the patients at the time of the operation was forty-three years (range, twenty-six to seventy-six years). Most of the patients had had multiple previous procedures (thirty-three operations had been performed in ten patients). Twelve of the thirteen patients had a solid fusion and a successful result after an average duration of follow-up of fifty-one months (range, eight to ninety-three months). The remaining patient, who had had four previous arthroplasties, had a recurrence of an infection seven months after the operation and was managed with an amputation. Six complications--including two superficial wound infections, one deep wound infection, one deep venous thrombosis, one transient peroneal-nerve palsy, and one delayed union--occurred in three patients.
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PMID:Arthrodesis of the knee with a vascularized fibular rotatory graft. 774

We attempted to determine if nonsurgical treatment could be successful in treating instability of upper thoracic spine fractures, which may receive some stabilization and splinting from the ribs. From 1966 to 1989, the records of all patients treated at Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center for fractures from T-1 to T-8 were reviewed. Penetrating injuries and malignant lesions were excluded. A total of 118 patients were admitted during this period; 49 patients had nonsurgical treatment. Complications included 1 patient with neurologic worsening, brace-related skin necrosis in 8 cases, and deep venous thrombosis in 12 patients. No failure of arthrodesis was noted. Rib fractures did not adversely affect late stability. We conclude that orthotic treatment of thoracic spine instability from T-1 to T-8 can be successful, especially in cases where early surgery is not possible.
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PMID:Nonoperative management of upper thoracic spine fractures. 782 93

Chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs is a frequent disorder that has costly repercussions for society as a whole. It is important to distinguish between abnormality of venous function and its most frequent causes, which are sequelae of deep venous thrombosis and varices of the lower limbs. Chronic venous insufficiency manifests by functional symptoms, based on the heavy leg syndrome, which is very frequent but not specific, and on objective distal signs that are highly specific. Both prognosis and cost of the disorder are based on such objective signs, cutaneous and subcutaneous complications of stasis and of venous hypertension, ranging from simple ochre dermatitis to recurring ulcers and ankylosis of the ankle. Dermo- and hypodermatitis and ulcers complicate less than 10% of chronic venous insufficiency but are responsible for most of the cost involved, two-thirds of which is linked to invalidity. Clinical grades of chronic venous insufficiency have been established, which should facilitate standardisation and comparison of epidemiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic data. Diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency is by clinical examination, while etiological investigation should most often be done by technical investigation.
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PMID:[Mechanisms, epidemiology and clinical evaluation of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs]. 805 8

There are few reports in the literature documenting the efficacy of isolated arthrodesis for inflammatory arthritis of the talonavicular joint. Accordingly, we reviewed a single surgeon's experience with this procedure in twenty consecutive cases from this patient population. A technique using indirect joint distraction and the combined use of screw and staple fixation was employed. Solid arthrodesis was noted radiographically in 19 of 20 feet (95%) at an average of 11 weeks. Complications included one non-union, one deep venous thrombosis, and one superficial wound infection. Objective results were graded as excellent in 16 cases, good in 3 cases, and poor in one case. Subjectively, 18 patients were satisfied and one patient dissatisfied with the results of the procedure. It is concluded that isolated arthrodesis is an effective procedure for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis of the talonavicular joint, offering significant pain relief and improved function. Additionally, the use of indirect joint distraction and fixation with screws and staples is a reliable technique associated with an excellent fusion rate.
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PMID:A technique for isolated arthrodesis for inflammatory arthritis of the talonavicular joint. 1080 70

We present a new surgical subperiosteal endoscopic technique for the release of fibrosis of the quadriceps to the femur caused by gunshot injuries, postsurgical scarring, and fractures, that was developed at the Arthroscopy Group at Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras in Havana, Cuba. The technique used is a proximal endoscopic subperiosteal extension of the usual arthroscopic intra-articular release of adhesions, using periosteal elevators and arthroscopic scissors placed through medial and lateral superior knee portals to release adhesions and bands of scar tissue beneath the quadriceps mechanism. The technique was used in a prospective case series of 26 male patients aged 19 to 22 years between February 1997 and March 1998 who presented with clinically and ultrasonically documented extra-articular fibrosis resulting in ankylosis of the knee in extension. Only patients who had reached a plateau in their aggressive physiotherapy program with no further progression in knee flexion for 3 months were selected. Those with joint instability, motion-limiting articular surface pathology, and muscle or neurologic injury were excluded. All patients had obtained satisfactory results at 2-year follow-up. The extra-articular release gained at final follow-up was between 30 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion in addition to that obtained at the completion of the standard intra-articular release. Complications included 1 case of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases of scrotal edema, 5 cases of hemarthrosis, and 2 cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. We have found this technique useful in obtaining additional flexion and improved function in a difficult class of patients with ankylosis caused by extra-articular fibrosis of the quadriceps to the femur, allowing immediate aggressive rehabilitation and presenting a useful outpatient alternative with fewer and less severe complications than described with the classic open Thompson's quadricepsplasty.
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PMID:Endoscopic quadricepsplasty: A new surgical technique. 1133 18

The symptoms associated with lumbar spinal stenosis can decrease quality of life and may cause patients to seek treatment. Except in rare cases of rapid neurologic progression or cauda equina syndrome, nonsurgical modalities should be the initial treatment choice. Activity modification, a variety of medications, epidural steroid injections, and other methods are recommended for pain reduction. A formal physical therapy program, which focuses on flexion-based exercises, may lead to improved patientfunction. Surgery is indicated in patients who remain symptomatic despite a course of nonsurgical therapy and who have advanced imaging studies that correspond to existing .symptoms. Adequate decompression of the neural elements and maintenance of bony stability are necessary for a good surgical outcome for patients with spinal stenosis. Laminectomy has long been the method of choice for thorough lumbar decompression. Preserving at least the lateral half of the facet joints bilaterally and bone in the area of the pars interarticularis minimizes the potential for iatrogenic instability. Numerous other decompression techniques have been described, including multilevel laminotomies, fenestration, distraction laminoplasty, and microscopic decompression. Arthrodesis, either with or without instrumentation, is also indicated in some patients. Several studies report that surgical treatment produces better outcomes than nonsurgical treatment in the short term; however, the results tend to deteriorate with time. Lumbar decompressive surgery can be complicated by epidural hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, dural tear, infection, nerve root injury, and recurrence of symptoms.
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PMID:Nonsurgical and surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis. 1594 58

Autogenous iliac crest has long served as the gold standard for anterior lumbar arthrodesis although added morbidity results from the bone graft harvest. Therefore, femoral ring allograft, or cages, have been used to decrease the morbidity of iliac crest bone harvesting. More recently, an experimental study in the animal showed that harvesting local bone from the anterior vertebral body and replacing the void by a radio-opaque beta-tricalcium phosphate plug was a valid concept. However, such a concept precludes theoretically the use of posterior pedicle screw fixation. At one institution a consecutive series of 21 patients underwent single- or multiple-level circumferential lumbar fusion with anterior cages and posterior pedicle screws. All cages were filled with cancellous bone harvested from the adjacent vertebral body, and the vertebral body defect was filled with a beta-tricalcium phosphate plug. The indications for surgery were failed conservative treatment of a lumbar degenerative disc disease or spondylolisthesis. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to report on the surgical technique, operative feasibility, safety, benefits, and drawbacks of this technique with our primary clinical experience. An independent researcher reviewed all data that had been collected prospectively from the onset of the study. The average age of the patients was 39.9 (26-57) years. Bone grafts were successfully harvested from 28 vertebral bodies in all but one patient whose anterior procedure was aborted due to difficulty in freeing the left common iliac vein. This case was converted to a transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF). There was no major vascular injury. Blood loss of the anterior procedure averaged 250 ml (50-350 ml). One tricalcium phosphate bone plug was broken during its insertion, and one endplate was broken because of wrong surgical technique, which did not affect the final outcome. One patient had a right lumbar plexopathy that was not related to this special technique. There was no retrograde ejaculation, infection or pseudoarthrosis. One patient experienced a deep venous thrombosis. At the last follow up (mean 28 months) all patients had a solid lumbar spine fusion. At the 6-month follow up, the pain as assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS) decreased from 6.9 to 4.5 (33% decrease), and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) reduced from 48.0 to 31.7 with a 34% reduction. However, at 2 years follow up there was a trend for increase in the ODI (35) and VAS (5). The data in this study suggest that harvesting a cylinder of autograft from the adjacent vertebral body is safe and efficient. Filling of the void defect with a beta-tricalcium phosphate plug does not preclude the use of posterior pedicle screw stabilization.
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PMID:Harvesting local cylinder autograft from adjacent vertebral body for anterior lumbar interbody fusion: surgical technique, operative feasibility and preliminary clinical results. 1659 84

The authors report their experience with 42 patients in whom anterior lumbar fusion was performed using titanium cages as a versatile adjunct to treat a wide variety of spinal deformity and pathological conditions. These conditions included congenital, degenerative, iatrogenic, infectious, traumatic, and malignant disorders of the thoracolumbar spine. Fusion rates and complications are compared with data previously reported in the literature. Between July 1996 and July 1999 the senior authors (C.I.S., R.P.N., and M.J.R.) treated 42 patients by means of a transabdominal extraperitoneal (13 cases) or an anterolateral extraperitoneal approach (29 cases), 51 vertebral levels were fused using titanium cages packed with autologous bone. All vertebrectomies (27 cases) were reconstructed using a Miami Moss titanium mesh cage and Kaneda instrumentation. Interbody fusion (15 cases) was performed with either the BAK titanium threaded interbody cage (in 13 patients) or a Miami Moss titanium mesh cage (in two patients). The average follow-up period was 14.3 months. Seventeen patients had sustained a thoracolumbar burst fracture, 12 patients presented with degenerative spinal disorders, six with metastatic tumor, four with spinal deformity (one congenital and three iatrogenic), and three patients presented with spinal infections. In five patients anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) was supplemented with posterior segmental fixation at the time of the initial procedure. Of the 51 vertebral levels treated, solid arthrodesis was achieved in 49, a 96% fusion rate. One case of pseudarthrosis occurred in the group treated with BAK cages; the diagnosis was made based on the patient's continued mechanical back pain after undergoing L4-5 ALIF. The patient was treated with supplemental posterior fixation, and successful fusion occurred uneventfully with resolution of her back pain. In the group in which vertebrectomy was performed there was one case of fusion failure in a patient with metastatic breast cancer who had undergone an L-3 corpectomy with placement of a mesh cage. Although her back pain was immediately resolved, she died of systemic disease 3 months after surgery and before fusion could occur. Complications related to the anterior approach included two vascular injuries (two left common iliac vein lacerations); one injury to the sympathetic plexus; one case of superficial phlebitis; two cases of prolonged ileus (greater than 48 hours postoperatively); one anterior femoral cutaneous nerve palsy; and one superficial wound infection. No deaths were directly related to the surgical procedure. There were no cases of dural laceration and no nerve root injury. There were no cases of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, retrograde ejaculation, abdominal hernia, bowel or ureteral injury, or deep wound infection. Fusion-related complications included an iliac crest hematoma and prolonged donor-site pain in one patient. There were no complications related to placement or migration of the cages, but there was one case of screw fracture of the Kaneda device that did not require revision. The authors conclude that anterior lumbar fusion performed using titanium interbody or mesh cages, packed with autologous bone, is an effective, safe method to achieve fusion in a wide variety of pathological conditions of the thoracolumbar spine. The fusion rate of 96% compares favorably with results reported in the literature. The complication rate mirrors the low morbidity rate associated with the anterior approach. A detailed study of clinical outcomes is in progress. Patient selection and strategies for avoiding complication are discussed.
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PMID:Anterior lumbar fusion with titanium threaded and mesh interbody cages. 1691 6


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