Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was performed to establish the structural abnormality of a new hemoglobin variant discover-d in a Japanese patient with angina pectoris. The hybridization of the separated hemoglobin with canine hemoglobin revealed a beta-chain anomaly. Peptide betaTp-6 was found to be abnormally located on the peptide map of tryptic digests of the S-carboxymethylated beta-chain from the variant hemoglobin. A structural study on the abnormal betaTp-6 revealed that the variant hemoglobin differs from hemoglobin A by substitution of leucine for valine at residue 60 of the beta-chain. This new variant hemoglobin is designated as hemoglobin Yatsushiro after the name of the city where the propositus lived. The patient is hematologically healthy and his clinical history has nothing to do with this abnormal hemoglobin.
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PMID:A new hemoglobin variant. HB Yatsushiro alpha 2 A beta 2 60 Val replaced by Leu. 62 52

1. The in vitro effect of the vasodilators papaverine, dipyridamole, nifedipine, prenylamine and glyceryl di-, tri- and tetranitrate on the oxygen saturation curve of human hemoglobin (Hb) was evaluated. The Hb dissociation curve was measured spectrophotometrically both for freshly obtained heparinized blood and for purified Hb A after incubation with the drugs. 2. For both purified Hb and whole blood samples, incubation with papaverine, dipyridamole and nifedipine modified P50 (PO2 for half saturation of the Hb/oxygen sites) at pH 7.4: 30.9 mmHg for 0.72 mM papaverine vs 23.9 mmHg for control; 23.9 mmHg for 1.43 mM dipyridamole vs 20.8 mmHg for control; 1.09 mmHg for 2.73 mM nifedipine vs 1.14 mmHg for control stripped Hb. The effects of the three vasodilators on Hb were correlated with pH, methemoglobin formation, temperature and incubation time. 3. P50 values were determined for Hb of the blood of angina patients treated with one of the vasodilators, and blood 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels were also measured. In contrast to the in vitro data, neither P50 nor 2,3-DPG levels were significantly modified in the blood of patients treated with one of the vasodilators. 4. These in vitro studies demonstrated that the vasodilators papaverine and dipyridamole decrease, and nifedipine increases the oxygen affinity of Hb in red blood cells or as a purified hemoglobin.
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PMID:Interactions between vasodilator drugs and human hemoglobin. 134 32

A series of fifty patients presenting ischemic heart disease are studied. As shown by the electropherogram, apart from the basic band of hemoglobin A2, an additional weaker band appears with a diffuse zone between them. The quantity of the entire HbA2-diffuse zone exceeds by 3.8 per cent the total hemoglobin. Its appearance is not attributed to abnormal hemoglobin or beta-thalassemia. With the passing of time its quantity shows a decrease, and within 3-6 days it disappears. Parallel to normalization of the hemoglobin profile the pain syndrome among patients with unstable stenocardia subsides, and stabilization of the patients with a history of myocardial infarction takes place.
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PMID:Electrophoretic HbA2 assessment in ischemic heart disease. 261 36

Butyl nitrite is the predominant and presumed active ingredient in a variety of commercial preparations sold as "room odorizers." These compounds have significant abuse potential, giving the user the sensation of a "rush", which may be related to their intense cardiovascular effects. The pharmacological properties of butyl nitrites are similar to those of amyl nitrite which is also abused for its psychological effects, but whose availability is limited by prescription for treatment of angina. A significant body of literature suggests that the inner ear is vulnerable to acute hypoxic exposure. Since butyl nitrite induces high levels of methemoglobin and also reduces blood pressure due to peripheral vasodilation, we hypothesized that this compound might produce auditory dysfunction. We studied the effect of acute exposure to a butyl nitrite "room odorizer" on 10- and 40-kHz auditory function in rats. A loss in auditory sensitivity was found at both frequencies on the day following administration of the compound. Auditory dysfunction tended to subside over the next several days at 40 kHz, although a significant loss of sensitivity for tones of 10 kHz was observed over a 6-day period after administration of the agent. Methemoglobin levels measured in rats of the same age were elevated significantly 30 and 60 min after butyl nitrite to levels of 30-45%. Methemoglobin levels were found to be normal 18 hr after administration when the first audiometric tests were conducted. The data suggest that auditory function in the middle of the rats' auditory range, 10 kHz, was disrupted for a longer period than was high-frequency (40 kHz) auditory function.
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PMID:Disruption of auditory function by acute administration of a "room odorizer" containing butyl nitrite in rats. 292 18

The effect of continuous infusion of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) on methemoglobin levels in 24 coronary care unit patients was studied. Fifteen patients were admitted with acute myocardial infarction, 5 patients with angina pectoris, 1 patient with congestive heart failure, 2 with chest pain of unknown origin and 1 with chest pain of musculoskeletal origin. Intravenous NTG therapy was initiated at a 5 micrograms/min dose and titrated at 5-micrograms increases until relief of symptoms or until the maximal dose tolerated by each patient. Successive methemoglobin levels were measured at baseline, at each 20 micrograms/min dose increase, at the maximal dose and immediately before weaning the patient from the maximal dose. Statistical analysis by the Student t test (paired samples, p less than 0.05) showed no significant difference between the mean methemoglobin levels at baseline and the mean methemoglobin levels drawn at 20, 40 and 60 micrograms, and before weaning from the maximal dose. No serious adverse effects associated with methemoglobinemia were encountered. It is concluded that intravenous NTG administration in a dose of 0.2 to 2.12 micrograms/min/kg body weight produces no significant methemoglobinemia.
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PMID:Effects of continuous infusion of intravenous nitroglycerin on methemoglobin levels. 392 81

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, NF) is a drug used to prevent angina pectoris. PETN without a lactose stabilizer is used as an explosive. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering PETN, NF, to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex once by gavage or in feed for 14 days, 13 or 14 weeks, or 2 years. The PETN component was greater than 99% pure. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted with Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Fourteen-Day and Thirteen-Week Studies: All rats and mice lived to the end of the 14-day studies (dietary concentrations up to 50,000 ppm). Final mean body weights of dosed and control rats were comparable. The final mean body weight of female mice that received 50,000 ppm was 13% lower than that of controls. No clinical signs or toxic lesions were attributed to PETN, NF, administration. All rats and mice lived to the end of the 13-week (mice) and 14-week (rats) studies (dietary concentrations up to 50,000 ppm). Final mean body weights of dosed and control rats and mice were similar, although weight gains of female rats at 25,000 and 50,000 ppm were less than that of controls. The nitrite level in urine of rats and methemoglobin levels in whole blood of rats and mice were not affected by administration of PETN, NF. An adenoma of the Zymbal gland was seen in a female rat that received 50,000 ppm. A hepatocellular adenoma was seen in a female mouse that received 50,000 ppm. Based on these results and the NTP convention of limiting concentrations in 2-year feed studies to 5% of the diet, the 2-year studies were conducted by administering 0, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm PETN, NF, in feed for 104 weeks to groups of 50 male rats and for 103 weeks to groups of 49 or 50 mice of each sex. Groups of 50 female rats were given feed containing 0, 6,200, or 12,500 ppm PETN, NF, for 104 weeks. Body Weight and Survival in the Two-Year Studies: Mean body weights of high dose male rats were 2%-9% lower than those of controls throughout the study; body weights of all groups of female rats were similar. No significant differences in survival were observed between any groups of rats of either sex (male: control, 23/50; low dose, 29/50; high dose, 29/50; female: 33/50; 33/50; 31/50). Mean body weights of dosed and control mice were similar. The survival of both groups of dosed male mice was significantly greater than that of the controls (26/49; 38/50; 38/50). No significant differences in survival were observed between any groups of female mice (38/50; 30/50; 38/50). Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Effects in the Two-Year Studies: No nonneoplastic lesions were attributed to PETN, NF, administration in rats or mice. Neoplasms of the Zymbal gland occurred in dosed male (control, 0/49; low dose, 3/45; high dose, 2/41) and dosed female (0/36; 1/37; 3/35) rats. The historical incidence of these neoplasms is 1% +/- 2% in untreated males and 0.6% +/- 1% in females. At no site was a significantly increased incidence of neoplasms observed in dosed male or female mice. Genetic Toxicology: PETN, NF, was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 when tested with or without exogenous metabolic activation (S9). When tested for cytogenetic effects in cultured CHO cells, PETN, NF, induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation; no induction of chromosomal aberrations was observed in CHO cells with or without activation. Audit: The data, documents, and pathology materials from the 2-year studies of PETN, NF, have been audited. The audit findings show that the conduct of the studies is documented adequately and support the data and results given in this Technical Report. Conclusions: Under the conditions of these 2-year feed studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of PETN, NF, for male and female F344/N rats, based on a marginal increase in neoplasms of the Zymbal gland. Female rats might have tolerated a higher dose. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of PETN, NF, forher dose. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of PETN, NF, for male or female B6C3F1 mice fed diets containing 25,000, or 50,000 ppm for 2 years. No nonneoplastic lesions were attributed to PETN, NF, administration. Synonyms for PETN: 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediol dinitrate (ester); 2,2-bisdihydroxy-methyl-1,3-propanediol tetranitrate; niperyt; nitropentaerythritol; pentaerythrityl tetranitrate; penthrit Trade Names for PETN, NF: Angitet; Cardiacap; Dilcoran-80; Dipentrate; Hasethrol; Lentrat; Metranil; Mycardol; Neo-Corovas; Nitropenta; Nitropenton; Pentafin; Pentanitrine; Pentitrate; Pentral 80; Pentrite; Pentritol; Pentryate; Peridex; Pergitral; Peritrate; Perityl; Prevangor; Quintrate; Subicard; Terpate; Vasodiatol
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (CAS No. 78-11-5) with 80% D-Lactose Monohydrate (PETN, NF) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). 1269 39

There is a long list of prescribed and over the counter oxidizing agents that can induce methemoglobinemia. We report a case of methemoglobinemia in a 46-year-old man with a mayor depression disorder who ingested 30 pills of diphenhydramine, 30 pills of haloperidol, 20 pills of dolagesic, 20 pills of cyclobenzaprine, 20 pills of naproxen, 14 pills of cephalexin, and 48 pills of chlorzoxazone. On admission, he was on mechanical ventilation, and responded only to painful stimuli. Five hours later his face, hands and feet became cyanotic. The pulse oximetry revealed a Sp02 of 85%. The dark chocolate color arterial blood showed a Pa02 of 290.8 mm Hg and oxygen saturation (Sa02) of 99%. The chocolate color arterial blood and unchanged Sp02 suggested the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia. One mg per Klg of intravenous methylene blue was administered in 5 minutes. Twenty minutes later, the cyanosis began to fade and one hour later, it had disappeared and the Sp02 was 99%. Early treatment of methemoglobinernia is crucial in preventing tissue hypoxia. Methylene blue is the treatment of choice in symptomatic patients. The initial dose of methylene blue is 1-2 mg/kg of a 1% solution administered over 5 minutes. Reduction of methemoglobin is usually complete within 1 hour. If methemoglobinernia persists, a second dose not to exceed a total dose of 5-7 mg/kg may be administered. Because headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and angina may occur with therapeutic doses, methylene blue should only be administered to those patients with symptoms or signs of hypoxia.
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PMID:Methemoglobinemia: life-threatening hazard of multiple drug ingestions. 1960