Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Guanxingao is a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. The contents of camphora, mentholum, isoborneol and borneol in Guanxingao are determined by gas chromatography. The purpose of the study is to detect and control the loss of the four volatile components through production and standing and to guarantee the curative effect. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a GC-4004 gas chromatograph(FID). The column was a 3 mm i.d. x 2 m stainless steel tube packed with 7% PEG-1500 on 100-110 mesh 102 non-silanized white support. The column and the FID temperatures were 115 degrees C and 180 degrees C respectively. H2 was the carrier gas, 30 mL/min. Internal standard method was used for the quantitative estimation with naphthalene as the internal standard. The linear ranges were at least within 50-450 mg/L (r = 0.9999, n = 4). The correction factors against naphthalene were 1.262-1.286 and the RSDs were 0.32%-1.5%(n = 12). The recoveries were 98.44%-101.9%. In comparison with the theoretical contents, the average loss percentages are 71.72% (camphora), 65.60% (mentholum) and 66.31% (isoborneol + borneol). The samples were pretreated by means of isothermal (35 degrees C) water-bath extraction with acetone for 6 times with four hours each.
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PMID:[Gas chromatographic determination of camphora, mentholum, isoborneol and borneol in Guanxingao]. 1149 20

The study was made of 111 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who had stable angina pectoris of functional class I and II, extracyctoles. They received artificial nitric baths (n = 44, group 1), artificial nitric baths plus bicycle exercise (n = 37, group 2), fresh water baths (n = 30, group 3). As shown by the results of spiroveloergometry and Holter ECG monitoring, patients of group 1 and 2 benefited more. The average number of ventricular and supraventricular extracyctoles reduced daily by 30.4-36.4 and 59.9-64.2% in group 1 and 2, respectively.
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PMID:[Use of nitrogen baths and exercise in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease complicated by arrhythmia]. 1156 12

Our case is a 50-year-old man with angina and chronic renal failure. He underwent double vessel MIDCAB (LITA-LAD and GEA-SVG-RCA). Postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative angiography revealed patent grafts. MIDCAB is thought to be effective for patients who have chronic renal failure, because they are able to resume hemodialysis in early postoperative period for controlling water and electolyte.
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PMID:[MIDCAB in the patient with ischemic heart disease and chronic renal failure]. 1179 14

The uses, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, dosage and administration, adverse effects, and drug interactions of hawthorn are discussed. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a fruit-bearing shrub with a long history as a medicinal substance. Uses have included the treatment of digestive ailments, dyspnea, kidney stones, and cardiovascular disorders. Today, hawthorn is used primarily for various cardiovascular conditions. The cardiovascular effects are believed to be the result of positive inotropic activity, ability to increase the integrity of the blood vessel wall and improve coronary blood flow, and positive effects on oxygen utilization. Flavonoids are postulated to account for these effects. Hawthorn has shown promise in the treatment of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II congestive heart failure (CHF) in both uncontrolled and controlled clinical trials. There are also suggestions of a beneficial effect on blood lipids. Trials to establish an antiarrhythmic effect in humans have not been conducted. The recommended daily dose of hawthorn is 160-900 mg of a native water-ethanol extract of the leaves or flowers (equivalent to 30-169 mg of epicatechin or 3.5-19.8 mg of flavonoids) administered in two or three doses. At therapeutic dosages, hawthorn may cause a mild rash, headache, sweating, dizziness, palpitations, sleepiness, agitation, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hawthorn may interact with vasodilating medications and may potentiate or inhibit the actions of drugs used for heart failure, hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The limited data about hawthorn suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of NYHA functional class II CHF.
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PMID:Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. 1188 7

Intravenous dipyridamole increases the concentration of circulating adenosine and produces coronary vasodilation. However, it decreases global cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to hyperventilation side effect of adenosine. In the present study, changes in regional CBF during dipyridamole stress were identified in detail. In 11 healthy men (51-71 years of age), CBF was measured by positron emission tomography with oxygen-15-labeled water at rest (baseline) and during dipyridamole stress. All images were normalized to global CBF and transformed to standard brain anatomy. A t map between baseline and dipyridamole stress conditions was then created on a pixel-by-pixel basis. CBF was globally decreased during dipyridamole stress. However, a significant relative increase in CBF was observed bilaterally in the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, indicating neural activation in these regions. Adenosine plays an important role in the production of anginal pain by stimulation of A(1) adenosine receptors. Neural activation in the thalamus and prefrontal cortex during angina pectoris has been reported. Although no subject felt chest pain during dipyridamole stress, neural activation in the thalamus and prefrontal cortex indicates that stimulation of A(1) adenosine receptors during dipyridamole stress may produce input from the heart to the thalamus through the vagal fiber.
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PMID:Regional changes in human cerebral blood flow during dipyridamole stress: neural activation in the thalamus and prefrontal cortex. 1216 62

This study describes a man with a long history of oesophageal pain that led to inability to swallow food and drink. Over a period of 8 years, he had multiple oesophageal operations that were unsuccessful. He presented, to the pain management team, with persistent oesophageal pain and required jejunostomy tube feeding to maintain nutrition. Conservative pain management strategies failed. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was suggested, and after counseling, an electrode was placed in the high thoracic region. Stimulation covered the area of the chest pain. He achieved immediate reduced pain on swallowing water. A permanent system was implanted. In this case, SCS resulted in a significant improvement in pain on swallowing liquids. The patient can now also eat certain foods occasionally and enjoy the social aspect of eating; this was impossible previously. He feels that SCS has been worthwhile. The authors discuss the rationale for this treatment. The decision was based on the use of SCS for refractory angina, and the idea that the neural mechanisms that generate both these pain states may be similar.
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PMID:Spinal cord stimulation in a patient with persistent oesophageal pain. 1556 97

Kudzu root is an important traditional Chinese herb. Its crude extract has been used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris in China. Several parameters for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for kudzu root extract, including HPLC model, mobile phase, additive and gradient conditions have been optimized. The HPLC retention parameters a and c, and the peak shape parameters sigma and tau of 25 chromatographic peaks were obtained accurately and rapidly using five linear gradients and were calculated using CSASS software. The CSASS software was then used to simulate the gradient conditions in the experiments, and the optimized condition was obtained. The comparison of the simulated and real chromatogram profiles showed that the potential of simulation using the CSSASS software as compared to that of the real experimental conditions was precise. Reversed-phase HPLC model and the mobile phase of (A) acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid and (B) water containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid were used. The optimized gradient profile showed a linear increase as follows: from 5% A to 35% A at 0 - 33 min; from 35% A to 100% A at 33 - 50 min, and then the HPLC system was held for 5 min. The reproducibility and precision of the method were investigated. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time, peak height, and peak area were less than 0.25%, 11%, and 4.9%, respectively, which showed that the method was stable, reliable, and reproducible.
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PMID:[Optimization of high performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of kudzu root crude extract]. 1701 59

Recent randomized clinical studies failed to show cardiovascular protection with postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), instead raising widespread concerns about possible increased cardiovascular risk. However, these studies primarily assessed the combination of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate, which is suspected to abolish the beneficial effects of estrogen on the microcirculation. This preliminary study evaluated the effects of HT combining 17beta-estradiol (E2) with a new progestin, drospirenone, on myocardial perfusion reserve, a surrogate marker of coronary function. In this double-blind randomized study, 56 postmenopausal women with angina pectoris received oral E2 1 mg plus drospirenone 2 mg or placebo for 6 weeks. Myocardial perfusion reserve was measured using radioactive oxygen-labeled water and positron emission tomography before and after therapy. Myocardial perfusion reserve increased significantly in the E2-drospirenone group after 6 weeks versus placebo (p<0.0008). Mean myocardial perfusion reserve increased from 4.83 at baseline to 5.13 after 6 weeks in the E2-drospirenone group (n=27), but decreased from 4.84 to 4.13 in the placebo group (n=29). No significant side effects were observed with E2-drospirenone. A larger trial is needed to investigate whether myocardial perfusion improvements will be sustained and translate into a clinical benefit in postmenopausal women at risk of coronary heart disease. In conclusion, E2-drospirenone HT for 6 weeks has favorable effects on myocardial function in postmenopausal women with angina pectoris. These data suggest that drospirenone has the desired progestin actions on the endometrium, but does not abolish the beneficial effects of estradiol on cardiac microcirculation.
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PMID:Effect of estradiol-drospirenone hormone treatment on myocardial perfusion reserve in postmenopausal women with angina pectoris. 1756 Aug 68

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a condition characterized by the production of a large amount of mucopolysaccharide by a neoplastic epithelium. Although surgical removal of the mucinous ascites may be attempted, complete removal of the material is difficult. Thus, intra-peritoneal lavage with the liquid containing glucose or dextrose has been advocated to prevent reaccumulation of the mucus and complications such as bowel obstruction requiring repeated surgery. We report a case showing transient hyperglycemia following intra-peritoneal irrigation with 5% glucose in a patient with psudomyxoma peritonei. The patient was a 72-year-old woman. Preoperatively, she had hypertension and angina pectoris; but no history of glucose intolerance. Serum glucose was 92 mg x dl(-1). General anesthesia was induced with propofol (100 mg), vecuronium (6 mg), and fentanyl, and maintained with oxygen (33%), nitrous oxide and sevoflurane (1-2%). A mucinous tumor was found with a great deal of mucinous ascites. To remove the mucus and prevent subsequent re-accumulation, intra-peritoneal irrigation with 5% glucose in water was performed. Shortly after this procedure, the patient was found to be hyperglycemic (serum glucose 266 mg x dl(-1)) with normal oxygenation and hemodynamic data. The patient recovered uneventfully and could be extubated soon after surgery. Serum glucose level returned to 154 mg x dl(-1) one hour after surgery. Therefore, we think that this acute hyperglycemic condition, presumable due to intra-peritoneal irrigation, was transient. It is important to be aware of this dangerous complication associated with intra-peritoneal glucose instillation. Glucose monitoring during and after irrigation with glucose or dextrose is recommended.
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PMID:[Transient hyperglycemia following intra-peritoneal irrigation with 5% glucose in a patient with pseudomyxoma peritonei]. 1771 92

A limited number of nitric oxide (NO)-generating drugs are available for clinical use for acute and chronic conditions. Most of these agents are organic nitrates, which do not directly release NO; tolerance to the drugs develops, in part, as a consequence of their conversion to NO. We synthesized nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi) from cobinamide, a structural analog of cobalamin (vitamin B12). NO-Cbi is a direct NO-releasing agent that we found was stable in water, but under physiologic conditions, it released NO with a half-life of 30 mins to 1 h. We show in five different biological systems that NO-Cbi is an effective NO-releasing drug. First, in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells, NO-Cbi induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, a downstream target of cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Second, in isolated Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubules, NO-Cbi-stimulated fluid secretion was similar to that stimulated by Deta-NONOate and a cGMP analog. Third, in isolated mouse hearts, NO-Cbi increased coronary flow much more potently than nitroglycerin. Fourth, in contracted mouse aortic rings, NO-Cbi induced relaxation, albeit to a lesser extent than sodium nitroprusside. Fifth, in intact mice, a single NO-Cbi injection rapidly reduced blood pressure, and blood pressure returned to normal after 45 mins; repeated NO-Cbi injections induced the expected fall in blood pressure. These studies indicate that NO-Cbi is a useful NO donor that can be used experimentally in the laboratory; moreover, it could be developed into a vasodilating drug for treating hypertension and potentially other diseases such as angina and congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Nitrosyl-cobinamide, a new and direct nitric oxide releasing drug effective in vivo. 1804 67


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