Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In non-obese, non-diabetic patients suffering acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, the plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were determined in basal condition and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. In the four groups there was a high frequency of glucose intolerance. Basal hyperinsulinism was present in all groups; in groups; in those which maintained normal glucose tolerance there was a high B-cell response to the sugar. Basal hyperglucagonemia was found in the early stage of acute ischemic heart disease, in patients with previous myocardial infarction and in those with peripheral vascular disease. The elevated plasma glucagon levels may play a role in the complex disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism present in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism and plasma levels of insulin and glucagon in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. 304 64

Since 1978, 5005 patients have had coronary artery bypass operations: 50% had conventional grafts only (group A), 25.1% required one coronary artery endarterectomy (group B), and 24.9% required multiple endarterectomies (group C). Operative mortality and long-term survival were stratified within each group according to the presence of additional risk factors: severe left ventricular dysfunction, repeat operation, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, female sex, and age over 70 years. Operative mortality was 4.0% in group A patients, 6.3% in group B, and 10.4% in group C; it increased in each group as the number of risk factors increased. Mortality was higher in patients with a left coronary artery endarterectomy compared to those with a right coronary endarterectomy only when multiple risk factors were present. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 5.6% of group A patients, 6.5% of group B, and 13.1% of group C patients. Early graft patency (940 patients, 18.8%) was 801 of 901 (88.9%) for endarterectomy grafts and 2939 of 3248 (90.5%) for conventional grafts. Late patency (over 1 year) in 288 symptomatic patients was 137 of 191 (71.1%) for endarterectomy grafts and 644 of 850 (75.8%) for conventional vein grafts. Long-term (5-year) actuarial survival rate was reduced in patients requiring endarterectomy. Current anginal status is available for 3011 of 3305 patients (91.1%): 28.9% of group A patients, 32.5% of group B, and 33.7% of group C patients have recurrent angina at an average follow-up of 58.3 months. The results of this study show increased operative mortality and morbidity in patients requiring coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction. However, the early results and particularly the late survival, clinical status, and continued graft patency justify this approach in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease, many of whom would otherwise be inoperable.
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PMID:Results of coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction. 325 84

Nifedipine influence on a clinical course of angina pectoris, some indices of hemodynamics, glucose and insulin was studied in 39 male patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) with different glucose tolerance. In CHD patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) nifedipine therapy did not cause any considerable changes in the blood levels of glucose and insulin whereas in patients with lowered glucose tolerance (LGT) a hypoglycemic effect of the drug and an increase in the level of insulin were noted during therapy. An increase in physical exercise tolerance, a decrease in the frequency of anginal attacks, and a decrease in the number of nitroglycerin tablets administered by CHD patients with LGT per week were significant. The study showed that nifedipine was indicated for CHD patients with LGT.
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PMID:[Effect of corinfar on the course of angina pectoris and indices of carbohydrate metabolism in relation to the type of glucose tolerance]. 332 83

To define the prevalence of large vessel disease in Ethiopian diabetic patients, the protocol of the World Health Organisation Multinational Study of Vascular disease in Diabetics was used in the Diabetic Clinic of Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa: 221 of the possible 261 patients aged 35 to 54 years were examined during 6 months. One hundred seven were diagnosed diabetic 1 to 6 years before study, 74, 7 to 13 years and 40, 14 years or more before the study. Forty-two percent were taking insulin; 18% had retinopathy, 7% heavy albuminuria. Body mass index (BMI) of less than 18 kg/m2 was found in 13.6%; 6.4% of men had BMI more than 27 and 50% of women more than 25. Only 30 patients had ever smoked cigarettes. The plasma cholesterol was less than 6.72 mmol/l in 90% of the 221 patients. Vascular disease led to the diagnosis of diabetes in 3 patients. At study, 19.9% were hypertensive but only 5% at the time of diagnosis. Only 1 patient had had ischaemic gangrene, 1 a stroke, 4 intermittent claudication, 4 angina pectoris and 1 a myocardial infarction. Electrocardiograms, centrally Minnesota-coded in London, were interpreted as Coronary Disease Probable in only 6 patients, and Coronary Disease Possible in 25; the other 190 tracings were normal. It is concluded that macrovascular disease is uncommon in middle-aged Ethiopian diabetic patients in Addis Ababa.
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PMID:Macrovascular disease in middle-aged diabetic patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 341 58

Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, and patients with hypertension which was not controlled by their existing therapy, were studied in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Criteria for inclusion in the study were a systolic blood pressure less than 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. The study group was composed of 15 non-diabetic patients, 14 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 13 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Mean supine and erect, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced in all three groups after 2 and 14-16 weeks of nifedipine therapy (P less than 0.001). Mean fasting blood glucose, mean haemoglobin A1, mean total serum cholesterol, mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and mean serum triglycerides were not affected by nifedipine in any of the three groups over the 14-16 weeks' treatment. Forty out of the 42 patients entering, completed the study. One patient with NIDDM and angina died from a myocardial infarction in the final 4 weeks of the study, and one non-diabetic patient was unable to tolerate nifedipine after two weeks of treatment and was withdrawn from the study. No patients were withdrawn due to treatment failure.
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PMID:Effect of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism and serum lipoproteins in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. 345 May 19

We determined the myocardial metabolic rate for glucose (MMRGlc) in the ischemic or infarcted myocardium using 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET), and studied energy metabolism in the ischemic myocardium. In some cases, we compared glucose metabolism images by 18-FDG with myocardial blood flow images using 15-oxygen water. Two normal subjects, seven patients with myocardial infarction and four patients with angina pectoris were studied. Coronary angiography was performed within two weeks before or after the PET study to detect ischemic areas. PET studies were performed for patients who did not eat for 5 to 6 hours after breakfast. Cannulation was performed in the pedal artery to measure free fatty acid, blood sugar, and insulin. After recording the transmission scan for subsequent correction of photon attenuation, blood pool images were recorded for two min. after the inhalation of carbon monoxide (oxygen-15) which labeled the red blood cells in vivo. After 20 min., oxygen-15 water (15 to 20 mCi) was injected for dynamic scans, and flow images were obtained. Thirty min. after this procedure, 18-FDG (5 to 6 mCi) was injected, and 60 min later, a static scan was performed and glucose metabolism images were obtained. Arterial blood sampling for the time activity curve of the tracer was performed at the same time. According to the method of Phelps et al, MMRGlc was calculated in each of the region of interest (ROI) which was located in the left ventricular wall. MMRGlc obtained from each ROI was 0 to 17 mg/100 ml/min. In normal subjects MMRGlc was 0.4 to 7.3 mg/100 ml/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Glucose metabolism in ischemic myocardium: quantitative imaging using positron emission tomography]. 349 6

A study of the associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) was made in subjects attending the Diabetic Clinic at Royal Perth Hospital. The variables examined were sex, age at time of study, age of onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, mode of treatment, control (as assessed by fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration), insulin levels in subjects not on insulin, obesity, blood pressure, total- and high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride concentrations, and smoking habit. CVD was diagnosed on the basis of (a) past history of myocardial infarction, (b) definite angina, (c) diagnostic ECG abnormality, and (d) cardiomegaly. A multiple logistic regression model identified the variables showing independent, significant associations with CVD as age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, an interaction between smoking and age and an interaction between treatment mode and blood pressure. As in the population generally, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the lipid variable showing the most significant association with prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is associated with a substantially increased risk of CVD in diabetics up to the age of about 70 yr. The use of oral hypoglycemic agents is associated with a lower prevalence of CVD in normotensive subjects, but with an increased risk in those who have systolic hypertension.
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PMID:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a diabetic population. 372 38

Observations are described in seven patients (four women and three men) aged 38 to 76 years who had had diabetes mellitus for 25 years or more. Five had been treated with insulin, and two had been treated with diet and oral hypoglycemic agents only. Four patients had had bilateral leg amputations, one angina pectoris, and two left-sided congestive heart failure. Two died suddenly, two died of acute myocardial infarction, two died of infection, and one died from trauma. Transmural left ventricular scars were present in five patients and transmural necrosis in three patients. All seven patients had two or more major epicardial coronary arteries narrowed more than 75 percent in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque. Of 353 segments, each 5 mm, from the four major epicardial coronary arteries from the seven patients (mean 50 per patient), 53 (15 percent) were narrowed up to 25 percent in cross-sectional area, 116 (33 percent) were narrowed 26 to 50 percent, 110 (31 percent) were narrowed 51 to 75 percent, 66 (19 percent) were narrowed 76 to 95 percent, and eight (2 percent) were narrowed 96 to 100 percent. What allowed such long survival in these seven patients is unclear. It is clear that all had severe coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus for 25 years or more. Analysis of cardiovascular findings in seven patients studied at necropsy. 374 85

The risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and its determinants were investigated in a cohort of 292 patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who were followed for 20 to 40 years. Although patients with juvenile-onset IDDM had an extremely high risk of premature CAD, the earliest deaths due to CAD did not occur until late in the third decade of life. After age 30 years, the mortality rate due to CAD increased rapidly, equally in men and women, and particularly among persons with renal complications. By age 55 years the cumulative mortality rate due to CAD was 35 +/- 5%. This was far higher than the corresponding rate for nondiabetic persons in the Framingham Heart Study, 8% for men and 4% for women. Angina and acute nonfatal myocardial infarction followed a similar pattern, as did asymptomatic CAD detected by stress test, so that their combined prevalence rate was 33% among survivors aged 45 to 59 years. Age at onset of IDDM and the presence of eye complications did not contribute to risk of premature CAD. This pattern suggests that juvenile-onset diabetes and its renal complications are modifiers of the natural history of atherosclerosis in that although they profoundly accelerate progression of early atherosclerotic lesions to very severe CAD, they may not contribute to initiation of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Magnitude and determinants of coronary artery disease in juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 382 34

Clinically manifest coronary heart disease (CHD) is not uncommon in diabetics with insulin-dependent type of the disease below the age of 40, particularly when the duration of diabetes is long. Clinically manifest CHD is very common in diabetics with maturity-onset, non-insulin-dependent type of the disease, and in this type of diabetes the frequency of CHD shows little or no relation to the duration of diabetes. Premenopausal female diabetics have a clinically manifest CHD almost as often as male diabetics of the same age--a situation in sharp contrast to that in non-diabetics with large excess of CHD in males. The incidence of all manifestations of CHD (sudden and nonsudden CHD death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, "silent" myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris) is increased in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics, but the excess of CHD mortality in diabetics is especially marked, being 3 to 4 times higher than in non-diabetics. The incidence of congestive heart failure is markedly increased in diabetics and this is in part independent of increased occurrence of CHD and hypertension among diabetics. Subclinical abnormalities of left ventricular function are common in diabetics and these abnormalities appear to show some relationship to the metabolic control of diabetes and in insulin-dependent diabetics also to the presence of microangiopathy. Diabetes is associated with changes in general CHD risk factors to atherogenic direction. These changes include abnormalities in the levels and composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and increased frequency of hypertension. The impact of general risk factors on CHD risk appears to be similar in diabetics and non-diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetes and coronary heart disease. 386 22


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