Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol is known to sometimes cause coronary spasm, the mechanism of which is still unknown. The authors monitored changes in plasma levels of prostanoids (thromboxane [TX B2], 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha [PGF1 alpha]), catecholamines (CA), serotonin (5-HT), cyclic nucleotides (cyclic adenosine monophosphate--cAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate--cGMP), and platelet aggregation after alcohol ingestion (Japanese rice wine 400 mL) in 8 patients with alcohol-induced variant angina and 8 healthy men as controls. Coronary spasm was confirmed to have been induced in 4 patients nine hours after alcohol challenge (VA[+]), when their plasma ethanol levels had already returned to a null level. Neither CA nor 5-HT levels showed any change after alcohol ingestion either in patients or controls, though controls showed high levels of CA during alcohol ingestion. TX B2 in VA(+) patients increased gradually after alcohol ingestion to reach up to a statistically significantly high level just before attack, as compared with those of controls and VA(-) patients, who, on the contrary, did not show such changes. The levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, however, which were significantly lower in patients than in controls before the test, exhibited a gradual increase in VA(+) patients in parallel with the increase in TX B2. No significant changes in cAMP levels between either controls or patients were present. On the contrary, cGMP levels had a gradual decrease in patients after alcohol ingestion. Especially six hours after alcohol ingestion, cGMP levels in VA(+) patients decreased so much as to make a statistically significant difference, as compared with the level in controls. Platelet aggregability in controls showed a decrease after alcohol ingestion, in spite of no change or even increase in patients. These data suggest that low levels of PGF1 alpha and the decrease of cGMP levels from alcohol ingestion play important roles in the mechanism of coronary spasm induced by alcohol ingestion.
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PMID:Alcohol and coronary spasm. 812 99

It has been recently suggested by many epidemiological studies, and emphasized by a nonspecialistic press, that a moderate alcohol intake may exert a protective role in coronary heart diseases. In our study, by means of a questionnaire, the consumption of alcohol in 100 male patients, less than 70 years old, affected by myocardial infarction and/ or angina pectoris, has been evaluated during a period before and after the admission to our Coronary Care Unit. On the basis of their alcohol intake, patients were divided into five categories: abstainers (8%), daily intake lower than one drink (7%), between one and two drinks (8%) between three and four drinks (46%) and equal or higher than five drinks (31%). In the light of these results, we suggested that, in our region (a country area in the north-east of Italy), there are higher levels of ethanol intake compared to those reported by other authors, that these parameters are only slightly modified by the occurrence of coronary heart diseases and that alcohol consumption, although low and moderate, must be therefore emphasized with extreme caution.
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PMID:[Alcohol consumption and coronary disease in men]. 870 Mar 46

The action of efonidipine hydrochloride ((+/-)-2-[benzyl(phenyl)-amino]ethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxy late hydrochloride ethanol, CAS 1110011-76-8, NZ-105) a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cardiac hemodynamics at rest and during exercise as well as plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters were studied in 9 patients with angina pectoris. NZ-105 was administered 40 mg once daily for a week and cardiac hemodynamics parameters were measured at rest and during exercise using a bicycle ergometer before and after treatment. All patients showed anginal symptoms during exercise before treatment, while only 4 showed anginal symptoms during exercise after treatment. Improvement on electrocardiograms (ECG) (> 0.1 treatment mV) was detected in 4 out of 9, and NZ-105 was recognized to have an anti-anginal action. The mean plasma concentration of NZ-105 at the time was 14.5 ng/ml. At rest, reduction in blood pressure and decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance were observed, however, NZ-105 showed no effect on heart rate, cardiac index, pulmonary arterial pressure and central venous pressure. During maximum exercise, a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance, reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and central venous pressure, increasing tendency of left ventricular ejection fraction, and increase in cardiac index were observed. However, NZ-105 showed no effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Based on the results mentioned above, cardiac hemodynamics of NZ-105 during exercise, featured primarily, reduction of afterload and improvement of cardiac functional deterioration due to exercise. In conclusion, NZ-105 is useful in patients with ischemic cardiac diseases by improving hemodynamics and ECG findings during exercise in patients with effort angina.
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PMID:Effects of the new calcium antagonist efonidipine hydrochloride on resting and exercise hemodynamics in patients with stable effort angina. 887 34

A number of studies have demonstrated an association between habitual snoring and ischemic heart disease like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and ischemic changes on the electrocardiography (ECG). Control for the influence of potential confounders has been inadequate. To further elucidate the issue we examined the association between self-assessed snoring and the relation to atherosclerotic manifestations. 804 70-year-old males and females were classified according to snoring habits. Alcohol and tobacco consumption, blood pressure, body mass index, social group, plasma lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein), fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined. Presence of angina pectoris, claudication intermittens, use of nitroglycerine were questioned, a resting ECG and a distal arterial pressure by use of doppler technique in the lower limbs were determined. Distal atherosclerotic manifestations was defined as complaints of claudication intermittens, pulselessness in one or more foot arteries or a foot/arm systolic pressure ratio < 0.90. ECG changes were classified in accordance to standard criteria (Minnesota codes) into positive ECG signs (Q/OS waves, S-T depressions, T-wave inversion or flattering or left bundle branch block) and definitive myocardial infarction. Snoring showed a weak positive correlation to positive ECG signs and definitive myocardial infarction, but after adjustments for the above confounders, no association was found between snoring and atherosclerotic manifestations. We conclude that, in a 70-year-old population, self-reported snoring is not associated with atherosclerotic manifestations.
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PMID:Snoring and atherosclerotic manifestations in a 70-year-old population. 888 96

To examine the relation between alcohol intake and the incidence of coronary heart disease among Japanese, the authors analyzed data from a prospective study of 8,476 Japanese male employees, who were 40-59 years old at baseline (between 1975 and 1984) and worked for 13 urban companies in Osaka, Japan. These men were followed until the end of 1993, on average, an 8.8-year follow-up. Eighty-three coronary heart disease events (54 myocardial infarction, 32 angina pectoris) occurred during the employment period under study. Compared with the risk of coronary heart disease for never drinkers, the age-adjusted relative risk for those with an increased ethanol intake was lower, but the risk did not appear to be reduced further with the intake of > or = 69 g of ethanol per day. The multivariate relative risk adjusted for age, serum total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, body mass index, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a history of diabetes mellitus was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-2.86) in exdrinkers, 0.69 (95% CI 0.37-1.29) in drinkers of 1-22 g/day of ethanol, 0.55 (95% CI 0.29-1.05) in drinkers of 23-45 g/day, 0.41 (95% CI 0.19-0.88) in drinkers of 46-68 g/day, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.23-1.51) in drinkers of > or = 69 g/day. The inverse association with alcohol intake was similar between myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. Alcohol intake seemed to prevent the premature incidence of coronary heart disease among urban Japanese middle-aged men.
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PMID:Alcohol intake and premature coronary heart disease in urban Japanese men. 944 Mar 99

Early recognition of alcohol problems by general practitioners might be enhanced by the use of better alcohol markers. Several studies have revealed promising results for the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) assay in certain populations. The aim of our study was to examine the specificity of the CDT assay in a general practice population. The main research question was whether common chronic diseases and/or the accompanying prescribed drugs have a negative influence on the specificity of the CDT assay. The 524 men who participated were selected from seven general practices and were suffering from one or more of the following diseases: hypertension, asthma/bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, adipositis/lipid metabolism disorder, angina pectoris, depression, and disorders of the digestive tract. None of the studied diseases or of the accompanying prescribed drugs had an influence on the specificity of the CDT assay. The overall specificity in this general practitioner population was 0.92. It can be concluded that the studied diseases do not bear an influence on the serum CDT concentration, and that, therefore, the CDT assay is a highly specific instrument for use in assessing alcohol consumption in general practice patients.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998 Jun
PMID:The specificity of the CDT assay in general practice: the influence of common chronic diseases and medication on the serum CDT concentration. 966 Mar 21

There is an established inverse relationship between the regular light consumption of alcohol (5-10 g/day) and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). This association has several biologically plausible mechanisms with dose-dependent effects of alcohol to increase HDL cholesterol, lower plasma fibrinogen and inhibit platelet aggregation. However, such a protective effect against atheroma cannot be considered in isolation from known adverse effects on blood pressure and triglycerides or possible detrimental effects of episodic or binge drinking on several other cardiovascular end-points and risk factors. In subjects with pre-existing CAD, an alcoholic binge can increase both silent myocardial ischaemia and angina. During withdrawal following binge drinking, marked fluctuations in blood pressure together with heightened platelet activation and adverse changes in the balance of fibrinolytic factors, may offer an explanation for the reported association between episodic heavy drinking and ischaemic stroke. This has been seen particularly in young males and extends further to an increase in both subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracerebral haemorrhage after binge drinking. Intervention studies in man have shown acute increases in blood pressure in men who drink predominantly at weekends, compared to longer-term pressor effects in regular daily drinkers. We have been unable, however, to reproduce the finding of unfavourable effects of binge drinking on the lipid profile that have been reported in animal studies and man. Binge drinking may also induce cerebrovascular spasm or cause both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. Alcohol-induced arrhythmia has been postulated as the basis for alcohol-related sudden coronary death in those subjects with pre-existing CAD. Hence, further exploration of any protective association of alcohol against CAD needs to carefully consider the implications of pattern of drinking for the relationship. The modulating influences of co-timing of drinking with meals, cigarette smoking or illicit drug use also need to be evaluated. Without such vital information, public health advice on alcohol and CAD will be limited in its scope and potentially flawed in its impact.
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PMID:Influence of pattern of drinking on cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors--a review. 1056 30

The past decade has witnessed significant advancements in the treatment of patients with refractory symptoms due to hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. In this publication, we will review the impact of dual-chamber pacing and nonsurgical septal reduction therapy with ethanol on the outcome of these patients. Both therapies have been shown to result in significant reductions in the left ventricular outflow gradient, which was an entry criterion in all the reported studies, along with symptomatic relief from symptoms of angina and dyspnea on midterm follow-up. Studies currently are under way to compare dual-chamber pacing and nonsurgical septal reduction therapy with myotomy-myomectomy, which is considered to be the standard of care in these patients.
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PMID:New treatment methods for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. 1095 24

The uses, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, dosage and administration, adverse effects, and drug interactions of hawthorn are discussed. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a fruit-bearing shrub with a long history as a medicinal substance. Uses have included the treatment of digestive ailments, dyspnea, kidney stones, and cardiovascular disorders. Today, hawthorn is used primarily for various cardiovascular conditions. The cardiovascular effects are believed to be the result of positive inotropic activity, ability to increase the integrity of the blood vessel wall and improve coronary blood flow, and positive effects on oxygen utilization. Flavonoids are postulated to account for these effects. Hawthorn has shown promise in the treatment of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II congestive heart failure (CHF) in both uncontrolled and controlled clinical trials. There are also suggestions of a beneficial effect on blood lipids. Trials to establish an antiarrhythmic effect in humans have not been conducted. The recommended daily dose of hawthorn is 160-900 mg of a native water-ethanol extract of the leaves or flowers (equivalent to 30-169 mg of epicatechin or 3.5-19.8 mg of flavonoids) administered in two or three doses. At therapeutic dosages, hawthorn may cause a mild rash, headache, sweating, dizziness, palpitations, sleepiness, agitation, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hawthorn may interact with vasodilating medications and may potentiate or inhibit the actions of drugs used for heart failure, hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The limited data about hawthorn suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of NYHA functional class II CHF.
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PMID:Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. 1188 7

Alcohol septal ablation (PTSMA) improves outflow gradient, left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, and symptoms in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Tei index (TI) is a Doppler parameter reflecting both systolic and diastolic LV function. Midterm changes of TI after PTSMA have not been determined up to now. Twenty-seven consecutive patients (mean age 53 +/- 13 years) with symptomatic HOCM underwent PTSMA procedure. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months after PTSMA. TI decreased from 0.67 +/- 0.11 to 0.55 +/- 0.06, isovolumic contractile time (ICT) decreased from 74 +/- 20 to 48 +/- 11 ms, isovolumic relaxation time decreased from 146 +/- 25 to 117 +/- 9 ms, and LV ejection time decreased from 330 +/- 42 to 298 +/- 13 ms. LV remodeling was determined by LV dimension increase from 46 +/- 6 to 48 +/- 6 mm and basal septum thickness reduction from 22 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 3 mm. LV ejection fraction decreased from 78 +/- 7 to 73 +/- 6% and maximal outflow gradient decreased from 69 +/- 44 to 15 +/- 11 mmHg. All changes were statistically significant (P <0.01). Symptomatic improvement was characterized by relief of dyspnea (2.5 +/- 0.7 versus 1.4 +/- 0.6 NYHA class; P <0.01) and angina pectoris (2.6 +/- 0.9 versus 0.7 +/- 0.7 CCS class; P <0.01). PTSMA is an effective method of therapy for HOCM. Shortening of TI suggests the improvement of LV myocardial performance in the midterm follow-up.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy on Doppler Tei index: a midterm follow-up. 1569 75


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