Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relatively short half life of verapamil necessitates divided daily dosing in the treatment of angina, hypertension and arrhythmia. To reduce dosing frequency and increase patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy, a controlled-release once-daily verapamil formulation (Verelan) has been developed in three dosage strengths, 120 mg, 240 mg and 360 mg. In order to investigate the dose linearity of this formulation in the 120 mg and 360 mg dose range, un unblinded, crossover, comparative evaluation of the three dosage strengths was performed in a population of 27 male volunteers. Each treatment period lasted nine days with a minimum of 7 days between periods. On Days 1 and 2 of each treatment period, the single dose phase was evaluated following administration of medication on Day 1 only with regular blood sampling over the 48 hour period. On Days 3 and 7 inclusive, the five-day steady phase was evaluated. Mean plasma profiles following administration of each dose demonstrated extended verapamil absorption up to 24 hours after dosing. In both the single dose and steady state phases a linear relationship was observed between increasing dose and pharmacokinetic response over the dose range of 120 mg and 360 mg. This linearity in response with increasing dose is in contrast to the non-linearity of verapamil's pharmacokinetics with conventional verapamil formulations previously described by an number of workers and may be due to a saturation of verapamil's hepatic first pass metabolic pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dose proportionality of pharmacokinetics with a cr-verapamil formulation. 182 Aug 98

Gingival enlargement is common among patients and can be caused by a variety of etiological factors. The most common reason is poor oral hygiene and high bacterial load that leads to gingival inflammation and enlargement. Other implicated factors include systemic drugs, such as phenytoin (Dilantin) taken by epileptic patients, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine (Procardia) and verapamil (Calan) for the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmia and angina. Another class of medication associated with gingival enlargement is immunosuppressive agents given to organ-transplant patients to prevent rejection of the new element such as cyclosporine. Some enlargements could be associated with other conditions such as puberty, pregnancy or diabetes or be a symptom of a systemic disease (leukemia, Wegener's granulomatosis or sarcoidosis). In rare cases the cause for the enlargement is genetic and termed hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). HGF is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive enlargement of the gingiva. Histologically, the gingiva is characterized by an accumulation of dense fibrous connective tissue. This is believed to be due to an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix composed mainly of collagen molecules or due to an alteration in fibroblast proliferation. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed and examined over the years but no precise process has been identified. The main objective of this paper is to discuss this genetic anomaly and support it with clinical cases of a mother and her two children. It will focus on the clinical and histologic characteristics of HGF as well as known biologic and genetic features and treatment modalities.
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PMID:Gummy smile: could it be genetic? Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. 2287 May 49

Gingival enlargement is common among patients and can be caused by a variety of etiological factors. The most common reason is poor oral hygiene and high bacterial load that leads to gingival inflammation and enlargement. Other implicated factors include systemic drugs, such as Phenytoin (Dilantin) taken by epileptic patients, Calcium Channel Blockers such as Nifedipine (Procardia) and Verapamil (Calan) for the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmia and angina. Another class of medication associated with gingival enlargement is immunosuppressive agents given to organ-transplant patients to prevent rejection of the new element, such as Cyclosporine. Some enlargements could be associated with other conditions such as puberty, pregnancy or diabetes or be a symptom of a systemic disease (leukemia, Wegener's granulomatosis or sarcoidosis). In rare cases the cause for the enlargement is genetic and termed Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF). HGF is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive enlargement of the gingiva. Histologically, the gingiva is characterized by an accumulation of dense fibrous connective tissue. This is believed to be due to an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix composed mainly of collagen molecules or due to an alteration in fibroblast proliferation. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed and examined over the years but no precise process has been identified. The main objective of this paper is to discuss this genetic anomaly and support it with clinical cases of a mother and her two children. It will focus on the clinical and histologic characteristics of HGF as well as known biologic and genetic features and treatment modalities.
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PMID:Gummy smile: could it be genetic? Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. 2334 94