Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of schwannoma of the cervical spinal cord presenting with cervical angina is reported. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with severe chest pain, cold sweats, and unconsciousness. Extensive cardiac examination showed no abnormal findings. Neurological deficits were muscular weakness and atrophy of the left arm, bilateral hypersthesia of the arms, and hyporeflexia of the left biceps. MRI revealed a tumor in the left side of the spinal canal between C4 and C5. The diagnosis was neurinoma of the left nerve root in C5. The tumor was completely removed surgically by laminectomy. Surgery confirmed that the tumor had originated from the left posterior root of C5 and that, histologically, it was schwannoma. The severe chest pain immediately disappeared after removal of the tumor with only dull post-operative chest pain remaining. We hypothesized that the severe chest pain was protopathic pain caused by compression of the anterior C5 root by the tumor and/or disturbance of the inhibitory pain mechanisms of the sympathetic nerve located in the posterior horn of the spinal cord. It must be kept in mind that cervical angina caused by spinal schwannoma is one of the differential diagnoses of chest pain.
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PMID:[Schwannoma of the cervical spinal cord with cervical angina: a case report]. 1151 5

Serum testosterone levels decline gradually and progressively with aging in men. Many manifestations associated with aging in men, including muscle atrophy and weakness, osteoporosis, reduced sexual functioning, and increased fat mass, are similar to changes associated with testosterone deficiency in young men. These similarities suggest that testosterone supplementation may prevent or reverse the effects of aging. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify studies of testosterone supplementation therapy in older men. A structured, qualitative review was performed of placebo-controlled trials that included men aged 60 and older and evaluated one or more physical, cognitive, affective, functional, or quality-of-life outcomes. Studies focusing on patients with severe systemic diseases and hormone deficiencies related to specific diseases were excluded. In healthy older men with low-normal to mildly decreased testosterone levels, testosterone supplementation increased lean body mass and decreased fat mass. Upper and lower body strength, functional performance, sexual functioning, and mood were improved or unchanged with testosterone replacement. Variable effects on cognitive function were reported, with improvements in some cognitive domains (e.g., spatial, working, and verbal memory). Testosterone supplementation improved exercise-induced coronary ischemia in men with coronary heart disease, whereas angina pectoris was improved or unchanged. In a few studies, men with low testosterone levels were more likely to experience improvements in lumbar bone mineral density, self-perceived functional status, libido, erectile function, and exercise-induced coronary ischemia with testosterone replacement than men with less marked testosterone deficiency. No major unfavorable effects on lipids were reported, but hematocrit and prostate specific antigen levels often increased. Based on these results, testosterone supplementation cannot be recommended at this time for older men with normal or low-normal testosterone levels and no clinical manifestations of hypogonadism. However, testosterone replacement may be warranted in older men with markedly decreased testosterone levels, regardless of symptoms, and in men with mildly decreased testosterone levels and symptoms or signs suggesting hypogonadism. The long-term safety and efficacy of testosterone supplementation remain uncertain. Establishment of evidence-based indications will depend on further demonstrations of favorable clinical outcomes and symptomatic, functional, and quality-of-life benefits in carefully performed, long-term, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:Testosterone supplementation therapy for older men: potential benefits and risks. 1253 54

The major risk of atherosclerotic disease is the occurrence of an acute coronary syndrome. The pathogenesis of instable angina involves the formation of an arterial thrombus as a consequence of the rupture of an atheromatous plaque. This risk of plaque rupture appears to depend on plaque morphology rather than plaque size or severity of stenosis. Ratio of lipid core to fibrous determined by the balance between smooth muscle cells proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis stabilizing the plaque and macrophages which degrade collagen, determine the plaque vulnerability. The fibrous cap weakness leads to the plaque activation, plaque fissure or erosion activating a thrombotic cascade. A general inflammation or prothrombotic states are probably involved suggesting the need for a systemic therapeutic in addition with the treatment of the culprit lesion.
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PMID:[Physiopathology of unstable angina]. 1255 28

Cholesterol (CH) acceptance ability of high density lipoproteins (HDL) was assessed in 43 ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, including patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and class II-III effort angina. CH acceptance ability of HDL was measured as increment of HDL CH after incubation with artificial CH-containing system. Oxidabilities of HDL and total plasma were estimated by quantitation of lipid peroxidation products (hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances - TBARS) after incubation with Cu(2+) ions. HDL fraction (after apo B lipoproteins removal) of IHD patients appeared to include 2 times less additive CH compared with donor's HDL despite lower (-12%) HDL CH level. Negative correlation (r =-0.38, p<0.05) existed between formed TBARS in HDL and HDL CH acceptance. In total plasma of IHD patients elevation of both formed TBARS and particularly hydroperoxides was observed. Parallelism between decrease of CH acceptance by HDL, oxidability of HDL and of total plasma testifies on weakness not only of CH-accepting, but also of antioxidant HDL functions in IHD patients.
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PMID:[Relation between resistance to oxidation and cholesterol acceptance of high density lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 1515 20

A 54-year-old woman developed acute progressive paraparesis after repeated precordial pain. Neurological examination revealed bilateral four-limb weakness predominant in the distal part of the upper limbs, upper limbs brisk tendon reflexes, superficial sensory impairment below the C8 level, and atonic bladder. T2-weighted cervical MRI disclosed hyperintense lesion with disc herniation in gray matter of spinal cord between C5 and C7. No vertebral artery abnormalities were detected. We hypothesized that she developed anterior spinal artery syndrome after cervical angina caused by cervical spondylosis. We conclude that physicians need to be aware of patients who experience chest pain without evidence of cardiac disease and that they take into consideration spinal cord infarction.
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PMID:[Anterior spinal artery syndrome due to cervical spondylosis presenting as cervical angina]. 1567 54

The pacemaker syndrome is a complex of adverse clinical, hemodynamic and electrophysiologic signs temporally related to the onset of ventricular pacing and having no other causes. We observed 975 patients (454 men and 251 women, mean age 67.1+/-2.4 years) who received ventricular VVI pacemakers because of sick sinus syndrome or complete atrio-ventricular block. The presence of ventriculo-atrial conduction was confirmed by transesophageal ECG. Pacemaker syndrome was diagnosed in 121 patients (12.4%) who had the following complaints: general weakness (n=82), rapid fatigability (n=51), retarded thinking (n=43), dizziness (n=75), exertional dyspnea (n=86), anginal pain at rest (n=14), or exertion (n=43), unpleasant pulsation of neck vessels (n=41), transient hypotension (n=54), syncope (n=5). Retrograde P-wave was registered in standard ECG-leads in 98 (80.9%) and only on transesophageal ECG - in 23 patients (19%). Stroke volume after stopping of ventricular pacing (mean heart rate during sinus rhythm - 52.1+/-3/min) increased in 97 (80.2%) and decreased in 24 patients (19.8%). Main method of treatment of pacemaker syndrome was restoration of atrioventricular synchrony.
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PMID:[Electrophysiological and hemodynamic consequences of pacemaker syndrome]. 1623 92

The goal of this research is to analyze the differences in recovery of walk of two groups of patients who have suffered the stroke--those who have and have not suffered from heart disease prior to the stroke. Test group consisted of patients who have suffered the stroke, and have been rehabilitated in the Clinic for physical medicine and rehabilitation in Tuzla, in 2003. Patients who have had a heart disease before suffering the stroke and have been treated by a cardiologist comprised the first test group (Group I, N=48), while patients without previous heart disease comprised the second test group (Group II, N=69). In relation to their ability to walk, patients have been divided into three groups: those who are able to walk without help, those who are not able to walk and those who are able to walk with a walking aid. Therapies used include kinesiotherapy, paraffin, criotherapy, and electro procedures. Total number of those rehabilitated in the hospital after the stroke is 117, out of which 45 (38.5 %) were women and 72 (61.5 %) men, with average of 68 +/- 9,2 years of age. According to the kind of stroke suffered, 105 patients have had ischemia (89.7 %) and 12 have had hemorrhagia (10.3 %). The highest number of patients have had paralysis of the left side of the body--48 (41.0 %), then paralysis of the right side--43 (36.8 %) and both sides--15 (12.8 %). In relation to the localization of the changes in the brain detected in the CT, the highest number of patients have had multiply lacunar changes--41 (35,0 %), then changes in parietal area--33 (28.2 %) and temporoparietal area--22 (18.8 %), and a bit less had changes in capsula interna--15 (12.8 %), occipital--3 (2.6 %) and cerebellum--3 (2.6 %). In relation to the heart diseases, most of the patients have had compensated weakness of the heart--20 (41.7 %), suffered infarctus myocardii--8 (16.7 %) and atrial fibrillation--8 (16.7 %), with angina pectoris 6 (12,5 %), with arrhitmia--3 (6.3 %) and heart surgery--3 (6.3 %). In relation to their ability to walk at the moment of their admission to the Clinic, 62 (53.0 %) of them were immobile, while at their discharge from the hospital this number decreased to 15 (12.9 %). 14 patients (12.0 %) were able to walk at the moment of the admission, while at the discharge, this number increased to 47 (40.1 %). Differences are statistically significant at the level of p<0,01 for the patients with heart diseases, and p<0.05 for those without a heart disease. Recovery of ability to walk is significantly better with patients that have had multiple lacunar changes, p<0.001, changes in parietal area, p<0.001 and capsula interna, p<0.01. Average hospitalization for the whole test group was 22 +/- 13,6 days--for the Group I it lasted 24 and for the Group II 21 days. Recovery of ability to walk of patients who suffered the stroke is better (p<0.01) if patients have had heart diseases before the stroke, then if patients did not have a previous heart condition (p<0.05), but the average rehabilitation is longer for 3 days.
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PMID:[Recovery of walk in persons with stroke and heart disease]. 1676 19

(1) Ranolazine-- an adjunctive treatment to beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or long-acting nitrates-- is indicated for patients with chronic stable angina who have not responded to standard anti-anginal therapy. (2) In three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ranolazine, in combination with standard anti-anginal medications, led to modest but statistically significant improvements in exercise duration, and reductions in the frequency of angina episodes and nitroglycerin consumption, when compared to standard anti-anginal medications only. The clinical significance of these improvements is unknown. Most of the participants in studies were male and Caucasian. Thus, there are questions about the drug's efficacy in other populations. (3) One RCT suggests that the addition of ranolazine to standard treatment is ineffective in reducing major cardiovascular events that are associated with acute coronary syndromes. (4) The adverse effects reported with ranolazine include dizziness, nausea, asthenia (weakness), constipation, and headache. Long-term data from one trial indicate that there is no significant increase in the incidence of death or arrhythmia among those taking ranolazine. More clinical trials of ranolazine are needed to confirm its long-term safety, its optimal dosing, its efficacy in combination with full dose beta-blockers with or without calcium channel blockers, and its potential role in the treatment of other cardiovascular conditions.
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PMID:Ranolazine (Ranexa) for chronic stable angina. 1759 50

Atherosclerotic disease of the proximal left subclavian artery is an uncommon cause of angina in the post-coronary artery bypass graft patient, and is termed coronary-subclavian steal syndrome. Typical manifestations include cardiac symptoms of angina and noncardiac symptoms of lightheadedness, left arm numbness or weakness, and a difference in blood pressure of more than 20 mmHg between both arms. A case of complete proximal occlusion of the subclavian artery is reported. The clinical picture, investigations and treatment are described. Historical treatments of occlusive disease include surgical bypass graft and, more recently, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting by a retrograde approach, with an excellent short-term response, but ultimately required a carotid subclavian bypass due to restenosis.
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PMID:Complete occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery post-CABG: presentation and treatment. 1861 4

We report a 56-year-old patient who had been taking antihypertensive medication in combination with prophylactic aspirin for 19 years who was diagnosed with stable angina with significant coronary artery stenosis on angiography. He was treated with drug-eluting coronary stent placement. Clopidogrel was added to the previous treatment regimen after stent placement. He visited the emergency room with complaints of severe back pain accompanied by radiculopathy and left leg weakness. The patient had an excellent outcome after immediate diagnosis by MRI and emergent evacuation of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH). The present case is interesting because it is the first case in spine which corresponds to the findings of MATCH study that bleeding tendency would be raised by dual antiplatelet treatment (aspirin+clopidogrel). With the popularity of antiplatelet medications, physicians should be aware of this critical side effect and provide urgent treatment. Furthermore, we should be cautious when we prescribe clopidogrel in addition to aspirin because it could cause bleeding complications like SSEH.
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PMID:Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: an urgent complication of adding clopidogrel to aspirin therapy. 1963 24


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