Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sample of 861 Roman children, aged 7 to 14 years, was investigated in order to evaluate the association between some cardiovascular risk factors such as high systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure levels, body mass index (BMI), arm fat area (AFA) and a history of diabetes, stroke, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension and overweight in their parents. The sample investigated was subdivided into three subgroups, based on whether the children had just one parent, both parents or no parent with a positive history. For all the variables considered, the highest values were found in the group of children with a positive history for both parents and the lowest ones in children with a negative history for both parents. The analysis of significance, based on the mean values for the three groups, revealed statistically significant differences for SBP, DBP, BMI and AFA between the group of children with a positive history for both parents and that of children with a negative history for both parents. Significant differences also emerged for DBP, BMI and AFA between the mean values of children positive for one parent and those negative for both parents and for BMI and AFA between the means of children positive for one parent and those positive for both parents. The odds ratio of high systolic and/or diastolic BP, BMI and AFA levels was consistently higher in children with one or two parents with a positive history compared to children with both parents with a negative history, and even higher considering only children with both parents with a positive history vs children with both parents with a negative history.
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PMID:Family history of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in children. 887 39

The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends that attempts to discontinue antihypertensive drug therapy be considered after blood pressure (BP) has been controlled for 1 year. However, discontinuation of drug therapy could unmask underlying conditions and precipitate clinical cardiovascular events. The Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE) was a clinical trial of the efficacy of weight loss and/or sodium reduction in controlling BP after withdrawal of drug therapy in patients with a BP< 145/85 mm Hg on 1 antihypertensive medication. Of 975 participants, 886 entered the drug withdrawal phase of the trial and 774 were successfully withdrawn from their medications. Thirty-three events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, angina, other) occurred between randomization and the onset of drug withdrawal (median time 3.6 months), 57 events occurred either during or after drug withdrawal (14.0 months), and 36 events occurred after resumption of antihypertensive therapy (15.9 months). Event rates per 100 person-years were 5.5, 5.5, and 6.8 for the 3 time periods (p=0.84) in the nonoverweight group and 7.2, 5.2, and 5.6 (p=0.08) in the overweight group. The study shows that antihypertensive medication can be safely withdrawn in older persons without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease who do not have diastolic pressure > or = 150/90 mm Hg at withdrawal, providing that good BP control can be maintained with nonpharmacologic therapy.
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PMID:Does withdrawal of antihypertensive medication increase the risk of cardiovascular events? Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE) Cooperative Research Group. 987 55

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been implicated in pathophysiological processes in coronary artery disease (CAD). TNF receptor 2 is of particular interest in mediating such effects. The gene for this receptor (TNF-RSF1B) has, moreover, been implicated in hypertension, elevated cholesterol and insulin resistance. TNFRSF1B is thus a worthy candidate in studies of the genetic basis of CAD. We therefore conducted a case-control study of a microsatellite marker with five alleles (CA13-CA17) in intron 4 of TNFRSF1B in 1006 well-characterized white patients with angiographically confirmed CAD and a control group of 183 healthy subjects. We found a strong association of the TNFRSF1B marker with CAD (chi2=40, P=0.00000069). The frequency of the CA16 allele was 33% in CAD vs. 21% in control (odds ratio, OR, to have CAD for presence vs. absence of CA16 allele in CA16 homozygotes was 4.5, 95% CI 2.1-9.4, P<0.0001; in CA16 heterozygotes OR was 1.3, 95% CI 0.94-1.89, P=0.10). The frequency of the major allele (CA15) was 43% in CAD vs. 56% in controls (in CA15 homozygotes OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, P<0.0001; in heterozygotes OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.63, P<0.0001). In a stepwise logistic regression model the CA16 allele was significantly associated with overweight (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.0-1.9, P=0.027). Apolipoprotein A-I was elevated (P<0.0001), as was high-density lipoprotein (P=0.098), and severity of angina was decreased (P=0.024) as a function of genotype. Plasma soluble (s) TNF-R2 was 5.1 +/- 0.1 ng/ml in CAD vs. 3.2 +/- 0.1 in control (P<0.0001), 5.2 +/- 0.1 in the presence vs. 4.6 +/- 0.2 in the absence of vessel disease (P=0.009), and rose with increasing severity of angina: 4.2 +/- 0.2 (no angina), 5.0 +/- 0.1 (stable angina), 5.4 +/- 0.2 (unstable angina; P=0.003). sTNF-R2 was correlated with age, cholesterol, creatinine, fibrinogen, transforming growth factor beta and homocysteine and was influenced by TNFRSF1B genotype. Thus genetic variation in or near the TNFRSF1B locus may predispose to CAD.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 gene (TNFRSF1B) in genetic basis of coronary artery disease. 1135 33

Overweight is associated with the N363S variant in the glucocorticoid receptor (encoded by nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 gene: NR3C1). The present study examined whether the N363S polymorphism might also be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). This involved 556 patients with CAD, of which 437 were analyzed, and 302 control subjects, all being of Anglo-Celtic descent residing in Sydney. An extensive range of phenotypic parameters was collected from the patients, and leukocyte DNA from all subjects was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the A1218G (N363S) variant. Frequency of the S363 allele was 0.04 in healthy normal-weight control subjects but was 0.15 in patients with CAD (P=2.0x10(-5)) and was also elevated in subjects with CAD who were not overweight (0.14) (P=2.6x10(-5)), supporting a primary association with CAD. Frequency of S363 allele carriers in subjects with CAD who had angina was particularly high: unstable angina (0.45), stable angina (0.29), and no angina (0.26) (P for trend=0.016). Elevated cholesterol (P=0.027), triglycerides (P=0.005), and total cholesterol/HDL ratio (P=0.011), after Bonferroni, tracked with the S363 allele, consistent with accentuation of mechanisms that predispose to atheroma formation in coronary vessels. The data suggest a role for glucocorticoid receptor variation in the underlying cause of CAD.
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PMID:Association of coronary artery disease with glucocorticoid receptor N363S variant. 1282 2

During period of February to July 2002 the data of 602 hemodialysis patients were collected from 20 dialysis centres in Lithuania in order to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. In 34.9 percent of patients ischemic heart disease was diagnosed (myocardial infarction prior to hemodialysis, angina pectoris according to Rose's questionnaire, scar changes in ECG and/or hypokinesis zones in echocardiograms). Men were prevailing among the patients. The largest number of patients with ischaemic heart disease was on dialysis for one year, which proves that the patients start dialysis with the presence of pathology of cardiovascular system. Out of all patients, 45.3 percent were hypertensive. The majority of dialysis patients demonstrated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: about 80 percent hypertrophy of the left heart ventricle, about a half of the patients were smokers, mainly men. Thirty-one percent of patients had overweight, 12.5 percent were obese. A half of the surveyed patients were not examined by means of echocardiography, one third did not undergo radiographic examination of thorax. It demonstrates insufficient attention to cardiovascular pathology as well as breach of the quality requirements for dialysis according to the order No 116 issued by the Ministry of Health March 15, 1999.
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PMID:[Pathology of cardiovascular system among hemodialysis patients in Lithuania]. 1276 36

Chronic pain after surgery is recognised as an important post-operative complication; recent studies have shown up to 30% of patients reporting persistent pain following mastectomy and inguinal hernia repair. No large-scale studies have investigated the epidemiology of chronic pain at two operative sites following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This paper reports the follow-up of a cohort of 1348 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 1996 and 2000 at one cardiothoracic unit in northeast Scotland. Chronic pain was defined as pain in the location of surgery, different from that suffered pre-operatively, arising post-operatively and persisting beyond 3 months. The survey questionnaire consisted of the short-form-36 (SF-36), Rose angina questionnaire, McGill pain questionnaire and the University of California and San Francisco (UCSF) pain service questionnaire. Of the 1080 responders, 130 reported chronic chest pain, 100 chronic post-saphenectomy pain and 194 reported pain at both surgical sites. The cumulative prevalence of post-cardiac surgery pain was 39.3% (CI(95) 36.4-42.2%) and mean time of 28 months since surgery (SD 15.3 months). Patients who reported pain at both sites had lower quality of life scores across all eight health domains compared to patients with pain at one site only and those who were pain-free. Prevalence of chronic pain decreased with age, from 55% in those aged under 60 years to 34% in patients over 70 years. Patients with pre-operative angina and those who were overweight or obese (BMI>/=25) at the time of surgery were more likely to report chronic pain. Chronic pain following median sternotomy and saphenous vein harvesting is more common than hitherto reported and that patients undergoing CABG should be warned of this possibility.
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PMID:The prevalence of chronic chest and leg pain following cardiac surgery: a historical cohort study. 1510 26

There is a direct relationship between the grade of obesity and mortality based on the increased cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. However, the results of studies in renal and liver allograft recipients relating obesity to morbidity and mortality are contradictory. A retrospective cohort study of 170 patients transplanted between March 1987 and July 1997 showed obesity to be identified in 77 (45.3%) patients. During the mean follow-up of 5 years posttransplantation, 16 (9.4%) patients experienced cardiovascular complications, including 10 patients with ischemic cardiac syndromes (five acute infarctions and five angina), five patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents, and one patient with intermittent lower limbs claudication. The prevalence of obesity at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 years after transplantation was 58.2%, 56.9%, 60.3%, 59.5%, and 66.4%, respectively. Compared with the baseline value, the BMI was increased at 1 year posttransplantation (25.78), a significant difference. No significant differences were found between the mean BMI values of patients with and without cardiovascular diseases, or overweight and morbidly obese patients compared to the normal weight population. Among liver transplant recipients, obesity was a frequent complication after transplantation, but it was not clearly associated with increased morbidity and mortality secondary to cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Cardiovascular morbidity and obesity in adult liver transplant recipients. 1296 44

The article analyses clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure following Q-wave myocardial infarction. During the study 224 patients (mean age 64.1+/-9.7) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% were followed-up for 1-5 years (on the average, 2.6+/-2.0 years). The majority of the studied patients had had anterior or anterior-lower Q-wave myocardial infarction (61.6% and 25.9%, respectively) and an identified Canadian function class II-IV angina pectoris (74.6%), and one-fifth of the patients (19.6%) had unstable angina pectoris. All patients were diagnosed with chronic heart failure New York Heart Association function class II-IV, the majority of patients had disturbances in cardiac rhythm and conduction, almost a half of them (46.0%) had left ventricular aneurysm, 92.8% of patients were diagnosed with marked changes in left ventricular geometry, 84.4% of patients had II-IV degrees mitral regurgitation, a half of the patients had significant left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and 6.3% of patients had previously experienced thromboembolic complications. During the follow-up period 132 patients died. The comparison of the characteristics of patients who survived with those of patients who died showed that the deceased patients were statistically significantly older compared to survivors; in addition to that, marked stenoses of three coronary arteries, severe chronic heart failure, ejection fraction < or =20%, ventricular extrasystoles, and sinal tachycardia were more common in the former group, and patients who died less frequently were overweight and less frequently used beta adrenoblockers. The evaluation of Kaplan-Meier curves showed that total mortality resulting from the development of chronic heart failure symptoms and indications of chronic heart failure during the 1st year was 21.0%, during the 2nd year -40%, during the 3rd year -55.0%, during the 4th year -61.0%, and during the 5th year -65.0% the highest mortality was observed when left ventricular ejection fraction < or =20%, and age >75. The development of severe chronic heart failure resulted, on the average, after 1.5+/-1.1 years. It is obvious that symptomatic chronic heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy and marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction following Q-wave myocardial infarction is a rapidly progressing process conditioning high risk of lethal outcome within the period of several years.
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PMID:Lethal outcomes in patients with symptomatic heart failure developed after Q-wave myocardial infarction. 1500 73

To compare the results of coronary artery bypass in women and men, we reviewed our experience from January 1976 through June 1989. During this period, 170 women with coronary artery disease but with no other cardiac abnormalities underwent coronary artery bypass. We compared this group with a group of 150 men, matching them according to age, presence of angina, extent of disease, and surgical treatment. Preoperative clinical features, surgical data, and early and late results were analyzed. The operative mortality was similar between groups (2.9% for women vs 2.6% for men). The women, however, were more frequently overweight (54% vs 15%; p <0.001) and more often had the following: diabetes mellitus (34% vs 20%; p <0.01), a coronary artery diameter of <1.8 mm (64% vs 29%; p <0.001), poor saphenous vein quality (50% vs 16%; p <0.001), and incomplete revascularization (20% vs 4%; p <0.001). After a mean follow-up of 6 years, the women also had a higher incidence of recent-onset myocardial infarction (31% vs 12%; p <0.001) and a greater tendency to be symptomatic (48% vs 19%; p <0.001). The 12-year cumulative survival rates were similar in both groups (76.2% for women vs 77.1% for men). According to logistic regression analysis of the significantly different variables, the only independent determinants of postoperative asymptomatic status were satisfactory coronary artery caliber, good saphenous vein quality, and complete revascularization. We conclude that poorer functional results after coronary artery bypass surgery in women may be caused by a poorer quality of revascularization, which in turn is a result of smaller coronary artery diameter, worse distal runoff, and less satisfactory vein quality.
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PMID:Myocardial revascularization in women. 1522 79

Coronary heart disease, i.e. angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, is one of our most common diseases. Age, gender and heredity, as well as smoking, hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, overweight and stress are risk factors for the disease. Regular physical activity and exercise training positively influences several of these risk factors at the same time. The prescription for physical activity and training is life long and should include fitness as well as strength and endurance training. It is of great importance that the first period of rehabilitation, after an acute event, is carried out under supervision, preferably by a specialised physiotherapist. When the condition is stabilised, in most of the cases after 2-3 months, the training may be continued outside the hospital. Suitable activities are daily walks, jogging, cycling, swimming, aerobics, dance, ballgames etc depending on interest and physical condition.
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PMID:[Life-long regular physical exercise is crucial in coronary disease]. 1549 36


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