Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are pharmacological differences between women and men that have important clinical consequences. For several drugs, there is a higher incidence in women of drug-induced QT prolongation and a potentially fatal arrhythmia, torsades de pointes. This may be a reflection of the longer baseline QT interval in women. A difference in cardiovascular disease between women and men is that women have a higher mortality rate after myocardial infarction (MI). Women also have a higher rate of hemorrhagic stroke after receiving thrombolytic therapy for an MI. Differences in effectiveness of analgesics have been demonstrated, with kappa opioids providing pain relief for women but not men. Drugs may have different pharmacokinetics in women and men because of differences in phase I and phase II enzymes that metabolize drugs. Conflicting results about biological sex differences have been reported for the major drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4 (3A4) and may be related to a role for P-glycoprotein, a cell membrane transporter, reported as two times higher in male livers than those of females. It has been reported that boys need a higher dose of 6-mercaptopurine, which is metabolized by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). TPMT is reported to be 14% higher in male human liver biopsies than those from females. Verapamil, a drug for angina and hypertension, has different clearance and side effects in men and women. Ethnic/racial variations have also been demonstrated with the drug metabolizing enzymes, CYP2C9, 2C19, and 2D6.
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PMID:Biologic and molecular mechanisms for sex differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics: Part I. 1239 93

Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are commonly used as a life-long therapy in prevention of systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease and prosthetic hart valves and in the primary and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. They are also used for the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with angina pectoris, in patients with biological hart valves and after some types of orthopaedics surgery. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is used to evaluate the efficacy of anti-coagulant therapy. The risk of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications increases when the INR is out of the therapeutic range. The aim of this study was to present information about the factors influencing activity of oral anticoagulants and interactions between oral anticoagulants and drugs or food. The effect of oral anticoagulants is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as: medicines, food, diseases and pre-existing conditions. A common mutation in the gene coding for the cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9), with one or more combinations of its polymorphisms, is responsible for the reduced warfarin requirements or for the resistance to warfarin. A mutation in the factor IX is responsible for the risk of bleeding during OAC therapy without excessive prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT). Drugs, herbs and multivitamin supplements can alter the absorption, pharmacokinetics or pharmakodynamics of OAC. Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in combination with OAC seem to be the most dangerous because they are available without prescription and are used without medical consultation. Patients on OAC therapy are sensitive to changing dietary intake of vitamin K, which is supplied from phylloquinones in plants or from vitamin K-containing medicines. The effect of OAC can be influenced by other existing factors like: fever, diarrhoea, alcohol abuse or physical hyperactivity. Some malignancies or other diseases like cardiac insufficiency, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism or hepatic dysfunction may also affect OAC therapy. This treatment requires patients and doctors to be knowledgeable about factors influencing the activity of oral anticoagulants. For this reason educational programme on OAC therapy should be conducted among patients and doctors.
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PMID:[Factors influencing activity of oral anticoagulants. Interactions with drugs and food]. 1863 96

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used as anti-hypertensives and in the treatment of angina pectoris. Structurally, CCBs have at least one chiral center in the molecule, thereby existing in two or more different enantiomers. In the current paper we examined effects of benidipine, felodipine and isradipine enantiomers on the expression and enzyme activities of human xenobiotics-metabolizing cytochromes P450. All CCBs dose-dependently activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), as revealed by gene reporter assays. Activation of AhR, but not PXR, was enantiospecific. Consistently, CCBs induced CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNAs, but not protein, in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, with following pattern: benidipine (-)>(+), isradipine (-)>(+) and felodipine (+)>(-). All CCBs induced CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in human hepatocytes, and there were not differences between the enantiomers. All CCBs transformed AhR in its DNA-binding form, as revealed by electromobility shift assay. Tested CCBs inhibited enzyme activities of CYP3A4 (benidipine (+)>(-); felodipine (-)>(+); isradipine (-)-(+)) and CYP2C9 (benidipine (-)>(+); felodipine (+)>(-); isradipine (-)>(+)). The data presented here might be of toxicological and clinical importance.
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PMID:Optical isomers of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers display enantiospecific effects on the expression and enzyme activities of human xenobiotics-metabolizing cytochromes P450. 2773 83