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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This retrospective study was designed to determine the characteristics of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries. The files of consecutive patients admitted to hospital for a first infarction in 1992 and 1993 were analysed. Patients younger than 70 years of age, who had undergone coronary angiography during their admission to hospital were selected. A total of 109 infarctions complied with these criteria and 9 of them were associated with angiographically normal coronary arteries. In this series, patients with angiographically normal coronaries tended to be younger than those with at least one stenotic coronary artery (47 +/- 13 years vs 55 +/- 11 years, p = 0.07). The sex ratio did not differ between the two groups. The body mass index of patients with normal coronary arteries was significantly lower (22.9 +/- 3.9 kg/m2 vs 26.3 +/- 3 kg/m2; p = 0.02). These patients more frequently reported a history of phlebitis (3/9 kg/cm2 vs 26.3 +/- 3 kg/cm2; p = 0.02). These patients more frequently reported a history of phlebitis (3/9 vs 2/100). The frequency of anterior and posterior infarctions was virtually the same. Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries appears to be less severe, as reflected by the creatine phosphokinase peak (867 +/- 268 IU/l vs 1921 +/- 1389 IU/l), the maximal sum of ST elevation (5 mm vs 16 +/- 12 mm; p = 0.05), the percentage of left ventricular akinesia on angiography (25.5 +/- 4 vs 38.7 +/- 11.8; p = 0.01), and the lower ventricular end-diastolic pressure (11.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg vs 38.7 +/- 11.8 mmHg; p = 0.02). Fewer complications were observed during the acute phase, with no deaths. During the subsequent follow-up, with a median of 2 years, no recurrent infarctions, no cardiac decompensation and no deaths were observed in the group with normal coronary arteries. Two patients presented an episode of angina and one developed a recurrent episode of phlebitis. In the other group of 100 patients, 12 deaths were observed during the acute period, followed subsequently by 2 other deaths, 10 episodes of recurrent angina, 2 recurrent infarctions and 12% of patients developed heart failure. In this series, infarction with normal coronary arteries therefore appears to have a good prognosis, possibly because of more limited myocardial necrosis. No abnormalities of haemostasis or coagulation were observed in these patients.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiography. Apropos of 9 cases. A retrospective and comparative study]. 881 70

The identification of viable myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease with or without a history of myocardial infarction and regions of akinesia is of great clinical importance. Viable myocardium which is underperfused due to severe atherosclerotic disease in the feeding vessel needs to be revascularized both to ameliorate symptoms and improved prognosis. In contrast, scarred myocardium should not be revascularized and medical therapy for heart failure should be instituted. Due to the complexity of the problem, which requires information about wall motion and coronary artery anatomy, viability tests are usually requested after the results of left heart catheterization with coronary angiography are known. Often cardiac catheterization itself already provides important clues to the presence of viable myocardium: the degree of wall motion abnormality, post-extrasystolic improvement of wall motion, the presence of angina in a patient with single-vessel disease and the presence of collaterals, are all associated with viability. Echocardiography has become a strong competitor to myocardial perfusion studies in assessing myocardial viability. Published figures for sensitivity and specificity parallel those of scintigraphic techniques and even positron emission tomography scans. However, there are insufficient data on the use of echocardiography in patients with severely depressed left ventricular function. A new and exciting technique to detect viable myocardium is magnetic resonance imaging, which has been shown to have similar diagnostic accuracy as FDG-PET.
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PMID:How to use information from echocardiography and magnetic resonance for diagnosing myocardial viability. 895 Feb 43

The authors report a case of cardiac malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The initial clinical presentation suggested recurrent angina in a patient who had undergone angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery two years previously. Echocardiography showed severe left ventricular dysfunction with apical and septal akinesia and also allowed visualisation of two oval masses in the right ventricle without dilatation of the right heart chambers. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed these abnormal echos which corresponded to tumour invasion of not only the right heart chambers but also the interatrial septum, the left atrial appendage and the descending thoracic aorta. Histological diagnosis of lymphoma was made from an excision biopsy of a mass in the calf muscle. The post-mortem examination confirmed the presence of a highly malignant T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died during the first session of chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Malignant cardiac lymphoma. Diagnosis by echocardiography]. 958 48

The long-term prognostic importance of hyperkinesia is unknown following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The American Society of Echocardiography recommends that hyperkinesia should not be included in calculation of wall motion index (WMI). The objective of the present study was to determine if hyperkinesia should be included in WMI when it is estimated for prognostic purposes following an AMI. Six thousand, six hundred seventy-six consecutive patients were screened 1 to 6 days after AMI in 27 Danish hospitals. WMI was measured in 6,232 patients applying the 9-segment model and the following scoring system: 3 for hyperkinesia, 2 for normokinesia, 1 for hypokinesia, 0 for akinesia, and -1 for dyskinesia. All patients were followed with respect to mortality for at least 3 years. WMI was calculated in 2 different ways: 1 including hyperkinetic segments (hyperkinetic-WMI) and the other excluding nonhyperkinetic segments (nonhyperkinetic-WMI) by converting the hyperkinetic segments to normokinetic segments. Hyperkinesia occurred in 736 patients (11.8%). WMI was an important prognostic factor (relative risk 2.49; p = 0.0001) for long-term mortality together with heart failure, history of hypertension, angina, or diabetes, previous AMI, age, thrombolytic therapy, arrhythmias, and bundle branch block. In a multivariate analysis including nonhyperkinetic-WMI, hyperkinesia was associated with a relative risk of 0.84, which was statistically significant (confidence intervals 0.74 to 0.96; p = 0.01). When hyperkinesia was included, both in WMI (hyperkinetic-WMI) and as an independent variable, no additional prognostic information (relative risk 0.93; p = 0.26) was obtained. An echocardiographic evaluation shortly after an AMI gave important prognostic information, especially if the information concerning hyperkinesia was included. If WMI is used for prognostic purposes, hyperkinesia should be included in calculation of the index.
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PMID:Long-term prognostic importance of hyperkinesia following acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation. 1008 Apr 14

It has been demonstrated that high dose (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 min) dipyridamole echocardiography stress testing is feasible even in the first few hours after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and can be used to assess the beneficial physiological effects of coronary revascularization as well as graft patency. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dipyridamole echocardiography testing performed shortly after myocardial revascularization in the stratification of prognosis during follow-up. We studied 49 consecutive patients (45 males and 4 females; mean age 56 +/- 8 years) referred to our institute for elective myocardial revascularization. Six patients had single, 14 double, and 29 triple vessel disease. Forty-two left internal mammary artery grafts, 16 sequential venous grafts, and 45 single venous grafts were performed. All patients were submitted to dipyridamole echocardiography testing before (range 1-3 days) and shortly after (range 5-7 days) myocardial revascularization, always with the patients off antianginal medication. An arbitrary wall-motion score grading from 0 to 3 (normal, hypokinesia, akinesia, and dyskinesia) was applied to the seven regions into which the left ventricle was divided. Before surgery 48 patients showed wall-motion abnormalities during the test (47 patients also presented ECG changes). Angina occurred in 48 patients. One patient had ischemic ECG changes and angina. The mean wall-motion score was 3.11 per patient before and 6.5 per patient after the test (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognostic value of the dipyridamole echocardiography test performed early after aortocoronary bypass surgery. 1014 18

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) recognized by a unique spadelike configuration on the left ventriculogram. Two-dimensional echocardiography is another useful tool in the diagnosis of this condition. The diagnosis may be difficult and may mimic akinesia or apical thrombus in some patients with poor acoustic windows. A 50-year-old woman with typical angina and left ventricular hypertrophy with T wave inversion in leads V3-V6, II, III and aVF is presented. Apical HCM was diagnosed with contrast-enhanced echocardiography and confirmed by finding a spadelike configuration on the left ventriculogram. Apical HCM should be considered in patients in whom symptoms and ECG findings mimic ischemic heart disease. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography is a reliable and simple method in the diagnosis of apical HCM.
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PMID:Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced echocardiography--a case report. 1278 33

Pathomorphological criteria of early postinfarction angina included segmentary atherosclerotic obstruction of the upper segments of the coronary artery supplying the infarction area, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, maximum decrease in vascularization of the left posterior ventricular wall; and individual changes in angioarchitectonics of the heart promoting hibernation of the myocardium. Pathognomonic morphological criteria of silent postinfarction myocardial ischemia included diffuse extensive atherosclerotic obstruction of lower segments in the coronary artery supplying the infarction area and total hypervascularization of the myocardium, first acute myocardial infarction of the left ventricular anterior wall, and maximum decrease in vascularization of the anterior and posterior wall in the left ventricle. These coronary-myocardial relationships contribute to stunning of the myocardium. Zones of hypokinesia and akinesia were revealed in the left ventricle, which reflects the phenomenon of resting myocardium associated with isolation of heart angioarchitectonics.
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PMID:Pathomorphology of postinfarction myocardial ischemia during atherosclerotic obstruction of coronary arteries. 1602 54

Takotsubo' cardiomyopathy, more recently called transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, is a recently described acute cardiac syndrome. This increasingly reported syndrome consists of an acute onset of transient extensive akinesia of the apical and mid-portions of the left ventricle, producing ballooning of the apex in systole in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. The syndrome is accompanied by angina-like chest pain, electrocardiographic changes and minimal release of cardiac enzymes and biomarker levels, mimicking an acute myocardial infarction and is often preceded by an episode of emotional or physical stress, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. However, the exact mechanism still remains unknown. We describe the history of an 83-year-old man presenting to the emergency department with clinical findings of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads, but emergency coronarography showed no significant obstruction. Left ventricular angiography demonstrated the typical apical ballooning. ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads on the admission ECG resolved the day after, but new anginal chest pain was accompanied by transient ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads, suggesting multivessel coronary spasm. Awareness of the existence of the syndrome is important and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome.
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PMID:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as multivessel coronary spasm syndrome: case report and review of the literature. 1798 73

Myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. Although cardiac myxomas are histologically benign, they may be a source of emboli and cause intracardiac obstruction resulting in acute myocardial infarction. A 38-year-old male patient was admitted with a clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome and angina of six-month history. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and pathological Q waves in leads D2-3 and aVF. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a large immobile mass, 6.8x3.4 cm in size, in the left atrium, causing obstruction of the left ventricular inflow. The mass protruded through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. There was also inferior wall akinesia. Selective coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries, but demonstrated marked neovascularization of the left atrial mass which was supplied by the left circumflex artery originating from the right coronary cusp. Ventriculography showed inferior wall akinesia. The patient was immediately submitted to cardiac surgery. The mass was resected and histologic diagnosis was atrial myxoma. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course.
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PMID:Left atrial myxoma supplied by the circumflex coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva. 1922 22

There are not enough clinical data about centenarians with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A 104-year-old woman exhibited sharp chest pain and severe dyspnea. In routine examinations, her electrocardiogram showed 1-3 mm ST-segment elevation from V1 to V4 leads, the cardiac enzymes were also elevated: creatine kinase (CK)-MB was 45.7 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 40 microg/L. A two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal akinesia with severely depressed left ventricular function, 38% ejection fraction. She primarily refused to receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) considering her old age, and she was given a dual anti-platelet medications (low molecular heparin and frusemide). Three days later, due to continuously deteriorating angina pectoris and dyspnea, she was treated with PCI. A diagnostic percutaneous transradial coronary angiography revealed 95% stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with 90% stenosis at the origin of diagonal one. A percutaneous coronary intervention for the LAD lesion was successfully performed, and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis. The dual anti-platelet medications had to be ceased due to the upper gastrointestinal bleeding after one week and Tongguan Capsule (Chinese medicine composed with Radix Astragali, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae, etc.) was administered continuously. The six-month follow-up displayed a high level quality of life for the centenarian woman with the absence of angina pectoris and dyspnea. The case reinforces the importance of PCI for very elderly patients with AMI even centenarian people and reveals the possibility that Tongguan Capsule can be used to replace dual anti-platelet medication with the reduction of bleeding complications.
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PMID:Combined therapy with Chinese medicine and percutaneous transradial coronary intervention for a centenarian patient with acute myocardial infarction. 1956 19


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