Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Action taken by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toward the th erapeutic use of estrogens is reported. The FDA has 1st ordered revision of physician-labeling for estrogens, and 2nd has prepared a brochure explaining the advantages and disadvantages of estrogen therapy to patients. Some of the points made in the new labeling and brochure are: 1) the risk of cancer of the uterus increases with duration of use and dosage; 2) users of estrogens should be examined by their physicians at least every 6 months; 3) estrogens should never be given to pregnant women; 4) estrogens should not be given in cases of breast or uterine cancer, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, clotting in the legs and lungs, or previous heart disease, angina, or stroke; and 5) estrogens should not be used to treat menopausal nervousness, as they have proved ineffective, or for improving the complexion. There is also no evidence that estrogens are effective in preventing threatened or habitual abortion. It is recommended that estrogens be administered cyclically (3 of 4 weeks), and that the dosage be reduced or discontinued every 3-6 months to assess the need for their continued use.
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PMID:Informing patients about estrogens. 82 30

There are 2 striking differences in the practice of medicine in the US and in the UK: 1) in the former, there is a great emphasis on private medicine, and 2) in the US there is a much higher incidence of litigation, whereas in the UK, family planning services are free, and litigation in this area is almost unknown. British medical opinion agrees with the US on the following oral contraceptive contraindications: 1) cancer of the breast, ovary, uterus, vagina, or cervix; 2) coronary thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, angina pectoris, or stroke; and 3) unusual or unexplained vaginal bleeding. Both countries agree that it is inadvisable to give the combined pill over the age of 45, and over the age of 35 in smokers. The UK agrees with 75% of the routines adopted by US doctors on a patient's 1st visit for oral contraceptives. However, a patient who becomes amenorrheic while taking the pill is not regarded as lightly in the UK as she would be in the US; she is closely monitored. If 1 of 4 risk factors (age 35 or over, hypertension, obesity, or smoking) is evident, a patient in the UK is closely supervised while taking the pill. If more than 2 risk factors are present, a UK doctor may advise against the pill. Since the 1960s the media have both praisd and condemned the pill. There is no doubt that, in the field of contraceptive advice, the US and the UK lead the way, and a closer liaison between the 2 medical professions is essential to reassure patients.
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PMID:Contraceptive advice: how the English differ from the Americans. 309 Feb 54

Clinical studies throughout the world will probably result in the use of prostaglandins (PGs) in the near future for treatment of some cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases in addition to their present use in gynecology and obstetrics. The discovery in 1971 that acetylsalicylic acid and a series of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the biosynthesis of PGs provided an explanation for the analgetic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity of these drugs and formed a rational base for their use in a variety of pathological situations believed to involve PGs. The most important indications for the use of PGs in human reproduction include induction of labor; cervical priming; termination of pregnancy in the 2nd or 1st trimester; management of fetal death, missed abortion, intrauterine death near term, hydatidiform mole, and anencephaly; and postpartum hypotonus. 1 of the main contributions of PGs in obstetrics is their ability to stimulate the uterus throughout pregnancy and their suitability in cases in which the uterus is not receptive to oxytocin. Work is underway to develop more satisfactory routes of administration, perhaps vaginally, to achieve more satisfactory control of side effects, and to increase the duration of action through development and substitution of synthetic androgens. PG biosynthesis inhibitors have been used successfully in treatment of premature labor in some cases. PGs of the E series have been used for temporary treatment of cardiac malfunction such as transposition of the main arteries or pulmonary atresia, the vasodilating PGs such as PGI2 or PGE1 have been used in peripheral vascular disease such as arteriosclerosis obliterans and Raynaud's disease, and are currently under investigation in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, spontaneous angina, and toxemia. Prostacyclin has recently become available in Great Britain as an antiaggregating agent for use during charcoal hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery. The antisecretory activity of PGs, partially mediated through a stimulation of mucus secretion, has led to their use in treatment of stomach ulcers. Clinical application of PGs in respiratory problems has not progressed far, but recently synthesized analogues could become useful in treatment of some asthmatic disorders.
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PMID:Clinical use of prostaglandins in perspective. 686 38

Digoxin is a phyto-estrogen capable of inducing hormonal effects. Use has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer, an estrogen-sensitive malignancy. The incidence of corpus uteri (uterus) cancer is also strongly increased with exposure to estrogens. Therefore, we evaluated whether digoxin use might also increase its incidence. In all women in Denmark, we identified digoxin users from 1995 through 2008 using a nationwide pharmacy registry system. Cancer occurrence was obtained from Danish Cancer Registry. Relative risk was determined using incidence risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relative to non-users after adjustment for age- and calendar-time. For ovarian and cervical cancers, RRs in users and non-users were similarly evaluated, these cancers representing gynecological cancers with weak or no associations to estrogen exposure. Of 2.1 million women, 104,648 (4.9%) had digoxin exposure and 137,493 6.5% had exposure to angina drugs but not digoxin during the study period. For uterus cancer, the RR was increased in current digoxin users (1.48, 95% CI: 1.32-1.65; N = 350). Incidence was marginally increased in former users. For ovary and cervix cancers, RRs in current digoxin users were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92-1.22; N = 207) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.79-1.25; N = 81), respectively. We examined risks in women using angina drugs but not digoxin to determine whether being under cardiac care affected risk. Among women using angina drugs only, RRs for uterus, ovary or cervix cancers were not statistically significant. We conclude that women currently using digoxin, a phyto-estrogen, have an increased risk of developing uterus cancers.
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PMID:Digoxin use and the risk of cancers of the corpus uteri, ovary and cervix. 2191 87

Ergotamine is a well known pharmacological remedy applied in neurology (treatment of vascular headache) and in obstetrics (abortive remedy, uterus atony). But today it is rarely used, because of new safer anti-migraine medicine (triptanes) which cause fewer side effects. According to obstetrical indications ergotamine is applied only in hospital treatment. For that reason, cases of intoxication by this class of drugs are rarely observed. Ergotamine causes constriction of the blood vessels through the blockade of alpha-receptors and stimulation of the serotonin-receptors on the walls of blood vessels both in the central nervous system and in peripheral circulation. Intoxication/overdose symptoms may appear on application of therapeutic dose by sensitive patients, mostly by patients with migraine headache using ergotamine preparation for relief of migraine attacks. In the Regional Centre of Clinical Toxicology, a 21-year-old patient was hospitalized. She took about 20 tablets of Cafergot (complex preparation containing 1mg ergotamine tartare and 100mg caffeine). During her stay on the ward, typical symptoms of severe poisoning were observed: nausea, severe vomiting, dizziness, decreased blood pressure without perceptible pulse, narrowing of the blood vessels in the extremities of the body (peripheral vasoconstriction) - paresthesia, digital cyanosis, refrigeration of legs, angina. Due to taking once of a great dose of the drug by the patient, violent process of intoxication, possibility of dangerous complication and also the unavailability of specific antidotes and lack of efficient methods of extracorporeal elimination of the drug, the patient was intensively controlled and symptomatic treatments according to the law of intensive therapy was applied.
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PMID:[Ergotamine poisoning: a case study]. 2324 49