Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002962 (angina)
 21,142 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating anti-heart antibodies (C-AHAb) were examined in the sera of 132 patients with heart diseases and of 65 normal healthy controls using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. The patient groups consisted of 31 with dilated cardiomyopathy, 22 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 38 with myocardial infarction, 15 with angina pectoris and 26 with rheumatic valvular disease. The indirect immunofluorescent staining patterns were classified into 4 types: "heterophile", "intracellular", "intercalated disc" and "nuclear" patterns. The positive incidence of C-AHAb was 81% in dilated cardiomyopathy, 77% in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 65% in rheumatic valvular disease, 58% in myocardial infarction, 40% in angina pectoris and 39% in normal healthy controls. A high rate of "heterophile" antibodies was found in the idiopathic cardiomyopathy group: 65% in dilated cardiomyopathy and 55% in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The intracellular staining pattern was present in 42% of rheumatic valvular disease. These findings suggest that positive C-AHAb and staining patterns may be useful in the assessment of the pathogenesis of certain types of heart diseases.
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PMID:Circulating anti-heart antibodies in heart diseases detected using an immunofluorescent technique. 619 61

Angina pectoris may occur in the presence of normal major coronary vessels (NCA) in 10-20 per cent of patients investigated by coronary arteriography. Whilst hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism are excluded by routine investigation, in the remainder coronary vasospasm may be demonstrated. An organic basis for angina may not always be found. In order to document the pathophysiological basis for angina pectoris with NCA we have investigated patients using atrial pacing stress with measurement of coronary sinus blood flow and lactate metabolism, together with myocardial biopsy to determine biochemical and histopathological abnormalities. These have been correlated with localised coronary vasospasm induced by ergometrine (E). Thallium scintigraphy has also been used to detect the myocardial changes. Fifteen patients were investigated: 5 of 15 patients developed abnormal lactate metabolism on atrial pacing (change greater than 0.8 mg per cent in A/V lactate difference) and all had greater than 50 per cent coronary luman reduction after E. In 10 of 15 patients no lactate change occurred and in 7 no significant response to E was seen. However, significantly lower myocardial enzyme activities were found in the first group (lactate dehydrogenase p less than 0.01, malate dehydrogenase p less than 0.05, alpha hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase p less than 0.02). The change in myocardial enzyme activities in angina with NCA may indicate a metabolic basis for angina in those patients who develop both abnormal lactate metabolism on pacing and coronary vasospasm after ergometrine. The enzyme activities and histological changes in angina with NCA are similar to these in dilated cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:The pathophysiology of angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms. Histopathological and metabolic correlations with coronary vasospasm. 640 44

The data obtained by ECG-gated radionuclide angiography were collected simultaneously with right ventricular pressure and thermal cardiac output (CO) obtained by a Swan-Ganz catheter in Scintipac 1200 ( Shimazu Co) in order to create a right ventricular pressure-volume (RV P-V) loop. Subjects consisted of 15 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI group), seven with angina pectoris (AP group), six with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM group) and five with neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA group). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume ( RVEDV ) was calculated as RVEDV = CO/(EF X HR) (CO = cardiac output; HR = heart rate). Systolic work (Ws), diastolic work (WD) and net work (WN) were calculated from a RV P-V loop by Simpson's method. The measurements were performed before and 5 min after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin (NG) (0.3 mg). The results were as follows: RV P-V loops shifted towards the left lower part of the P-V plane after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin, indicating the reduction of pressure and volume of the right ventricle. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in the MI, AP and CCM groups showed smaller values than that of the NCA group. The CCM group presented a significantly smaller value than the NCA group (p less than 0.005). RVEF of each group increased after NG. In the AP and CCM groups, it increased significantly (p less than 0.005). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index ( RVEDVI ) showed a converse relation with RVEF. The MI and CCM groups demonstrated significantly higher values (p less than 0.05). After NG, RVEDVI of each group decreased significantly (p less than 0.001 in the MI and NCA groups, and p less than 0.005 in the AP and CCM groups). Cardiac index in all groups decreased after NG and a statistical significance was seen in the MI, AP and NCA groups (p less than 0.05). RV Ws, RV WD and RV WN showed no difference among each group in the control state, and significantly decreased after NG. This was due to the reduction of RV pressure and volume. It was indicated that the principal cause was the systemic volume reduction. We conclude that the present method using RV P-V loop might be useful as a noninvasive bedside monitoring and permits the evaluation of RV function in a clinical setting.
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PMID:[Clinical application of a right ventricular pressure-volume loop determined by gated blood-pool imaging and simultaneously measured right ventricular pressure]. 643 Oct 16

Alterations in ventricular diastolic properties are commonly seen in the diseased heart, and have been extensively studied in coronary artery disease, congestive cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure or volume overload. Acute increases in left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure relative to volume occur regularly during the transient ischemia of angina pectoris and may contribute to the dyspnea and pulmonary congestion that commonly accompany this condition. Although the mechanism of this altered disastolic distensibility is debated, a substantial body of evidence favors a role for residual diastolic interaction between contractile elements in the ischemic heart. Congestive cardiomyopathy also appears to be associated with increased LV diastolic stiffness. While this may in part be related to fibrosis of the LV wall, shifts of the abnormal diastolic pressure-volume relation toward normal have been reported with sodium nitroprusside infusion or the beta-adrenergic agonist salbutamol, suggesting important contribution of physiologic factors to the increased resting LV stiffness in this condition. LV hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased effective diastolic chamber stiffness, but normalized LV diastolic stiffness is increased only in LVH due to chronic pressure overload. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Diastolic pressure-volume relations in the diseased heart. 644 88

To compare two expressions of the time constant for ventricular relaxation, 39 patients with various heart diseases (six normal, six angina pectoris [AP], 13 myocardial infarction [MI], eight hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM], and six congestive cardiomyopathy [CCM]) were studied. One time constant was obtained by the method of Weiss et al. (T1) and the other was the ratio of left ventricular pressure at peak (-) dP/dt (Pm) to peak (-) dP/dt (T2). The deviation of T2 from T1 was expressed as 100 X (T2 - T1)/T1 (delta %). In normal subjects, T1 was nearly equal to T2 (32 +/- 3 and 32 +/- 6 msec, respectively), resulting in a low value of delta (-1 +/- 9). However, delta values in AP (20 +/- 23, p less than 0.05), MI (24 +/- 26, p less than 0.05), HCM (37 +/- 21, p less than 0.001), and CCM (46 +/- 24, p less than 0.001) were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Thus T1, T2, or delta separated the patient groups from the control subjects, and there were significant differences between T1 and T2 among the types of heart disease.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of left ventricular pressure decline during isovolumic relaxation in normal and diseased hearts. 653 61

Electrocardiogram gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) was performed to evaluate the usefulness in the measurement of left ventricular volume and left ventricular wall thickness in 25 patients; five with angina pectoris, five with old myocardial infarction, eight with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, four with dilated cardiomyopathy, and three healthy men. The left ventricular volume was calculated as the sum of the volume of each slice, which was area times thickness of the slice. The left ventricular wall thickness was measured in reconstructed short-axis view at the level of the mitral valve and papillary muscle. The left ventricular volume and left ventricular wall thickness determined by CT were compared with that by left ventriculography (LVG), and that by two-dimensional echocardiography (2 DE), respectively. The following results were obtained. There were good relationships between left ventricular volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction by CT and those by LVG, but left ventricular volume by CT was smaller by about 20% than that by LVG. In the measurement of stroke volume, no relationship was recognized between CT and LVG. Concerning the measurement of left ventricular wall thickness, more available figures were obtained by CT than by 2 DE, particularly at the apical region, lateral wall, and posterior wall. In the other segments of the left ventricle, CT was also more suitable for the measurement of the wall thickness. Interventricular septal thickness was correlated between reconstructed short-axis view of CT (Y) and transverse view of CT (X), and the equations Y = 0.66X + 2.13 (r = 0.79) at the mitral valve level, and Y = 0.56X + 3.00 (r = 0.81) at the papillary muscle level were obtained. Therefore, reconstructed short-axis view should be used for the measurement of the left ventricular wall thickness not to overestimate the thickness.
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PMID:[Usefulness of ECG gated cardiac computed tomography in measurement of left ventricular volume and wall thickness]. 654 27

To analyze left atrial (LA) pump function, aortic root echocardiograms and LA pressure (P) by a Millar 's catheter tip manometer were recorded simultaneously in 26 patients (pts) in regular sinus rhythm [six normal subjects (C), three with angina pectoris (AP), eight with old myocardial infarction (MI), three with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM), three with hypertension (HT), one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one with mitral regurgitation and mild stenosis (MRs), and one with mitral regurgitation (MR)]. The pressure-dimension curve of the LA composed of two loops; an A-loop (pump function of the LA) and a V-loop. The following parameters were measured: Da = LA dimension at the beginning of the active atrial shortening, S-A-loop = the area of the A-loop, mean V = mean LA velocity of fractional fiber shortening, and peak T = maximum (LAP X LAD) during active atrial shortening phase. The S-A-loop was directly proportional to Da (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001) and the mean V was inversely correlated with the peak T (r = -0.76, p less than 0.001). This indicated that Starling's mechanism was operative and force-velocity relation exited in the LA. In HT, Da, the S-A-loop, the ratio of the S-A-loop to Da, and the ratio of mean V to peak T tended to be larger than those in other pts groups. Thus, the present results suggested that LA pump function was augmented in HT, probably due not only to Starling's effect but also to enhanced inotropic state of the LA.
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PMID:[Studies on systolic performance of the left atrium]. 667 91

The concept of time-varying elastance is an important one and has clinical relevance for both systole and diastole. The application of this concept to systole has permitted the development of end-systolic pressure-volume (dimension) and stress-shortening analysis as a method of assessing myocardial contractility in patients at risk for congestive cardiomyopathy. The application of the time-varying elastance concept to diastole is particularly relevant to new findings concerning abnormal relaxation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and angina pectoris.
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PMID:Clinical use of pressure-dimension and stress-shortening relations in systole and diastole. 672 95

The accuracy of left ventricular ejection fractions (EF) determined by multiple gated cardiac pool imaging (RI-EF) and by M-mode echocardiography (Echo-EF) (Teichholz's method) was evaluated by comparing with those derived from angiocardiography (LVG-EF) in 19 patients including 9 with myocardial infarction, 3 with rest angina, 2 with effort angina, 2 with valvular disease, 1 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 with congestive cardiomyopathy and 1 with hypertensive heart. Measurement of RI-EF was carried out by the fixed ROI method using a single end-diastolic ROI, and the variable ROI method where end-diastolic and end-systolic ROI were used.
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PMID:[Assessment to fixed and variable ROI (region-of-interest) settings in the determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by multiple gated cardiac pool imaging: the benefit of variable ROI setting]. 689 Sep 69

Attention has recently been drawn to the relatively poor prognosis of middle aged patients paced for chronic atrioventricular block when age-linked expectation of life is taken into account, and it has been suggested that this may be the result of underlying coronary artery disease, despite the absence of symptoms to suggest this. It was the purpose of this study to determine the incidence of unsuspected coronary artery disease in middle aged patients presenting with chronic atrioventricular block. Studies were made on a consecutive series of 30 patients aged 45 to 65 (mean age 56 years) with chronic atrioventricular disease who had been referred for pacing. Patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction or angina or with sinuatrial disease without atrioventricular disease were excluded. Coronary arteriography disclosed the presence of severe coronary artery disease in 13 patients. Of the remaining 17 patients, four had congestive cardiomyopathy, two had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one had aortic stenosis, and in 10 patients the aetiology of the heart block was unknown. Myocardial revascularisation was undertaken in six patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular block caused by coronary artery disease. Operation did not result in any sustained improvement in atrioventricular conduction.
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PMID:Unsuspected coronary artery disease as cause of chronic atrioventricular block in middle age. 697 44


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