Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002895 (sickle cell disease)
 11,747 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between February 1995 and August 1997, 11 children (eight males, three females) aged 4-16 years (median 7 years) underwent allogeneic PBPC transplantation for treatment of hematological disorders. Seven patients with acute leukemia (n = 5 ALL, n = 1 AML) or lymphoma (n = 1) received primary allogeneic PBPC transplantation, four patients received a second allotransplantation for graft failure (n = 1 AML, n = 1 sickle cell anemia) or disease recurrence (n = 1 ALL, n = 1 MDS). Five donors were HLA-identical siblings, five were 0-1 antigen mismatched family members and one was a matched unrelated donor. Donors received G-CSF 10-12 microg/kg/day for 3-7 days, and underwent one or two leukaphereses. The median cell yield per donor expressed per kg of recipient body weight was as follows: mononucleated cells 10.8 x 10(8)/kg (range 4.7-21.2); CD34+ cells 8.6 x 10(6)/kg (range 3.2-22); CD3+ cells 3.7 x 10(8)/kg (range 2.7-7.5). All patients achieved an ANC >0.5 x 10(9)/l after a median of 12 days (11-18). An unsupported platelet count >50 x 10(9)/l was reached 15 days (13-21) after PBPC transplantation; four patients failed to reach this threshold. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) grades II to IV occurred in eight (73%) patients: seven of them experienced grade III-IV aGVHD. Seven patients evaluable for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were scored as absent in five, limited in one and extensive in one patient. As of September 1997, six patients (55 %) were alive between 60 and 938 days post-transplant (median follow-up 274 days); four patients with malignancy were alive in CR after primary allotransplantation, two patients were alive after a second PBPC transplant. Five patients have died with the main causes of death being aGVHD (n = 3), ARDS (n = 1), relapse of the underlying disease (n = 1). In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, these preliminary results indicate that PBPC may be considered as an alternative to bone marrow for allografting also in children.
 ...
PMID:Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells in children: experience of two pediatric centers. 998 87

The only curative therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Gene therapy approaches for autologous HSC transplantation are being developed. Although earlier engraftment is seen when cells from GCSF-mobilized blood are transplanted than when bone marrow is transplanted, administration of GCSF to patients with SCD can cause significant morbidity. We tested whether primitive hematopoietic progenitors are spontaneously mobilized in the blood of patients with SCD during acute crisis (AC-SCD patients). The frequency of myeloid-lymphoid-initiating cells (ML-ICs) and SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) was significantly higher in blood from AC-SCD patients than in blood from patients with steady-state SCD or from normal donors. The presence of SRCs in peripheral blood was not associated with detection of long-term culture-initiating cells, consistent with the notion that SRCs are more primitive than long-term culture-initiating cells. As ML-ICs and SRCs were both detected in blood of AC-SCD patients only, these assays may both measure primitive progenitors. The frequency of ML-ICs also correlated with increases in stem cell factor, GCSF, and IL-8 levels in AC-SCD compared with steady-state SCD and normal-donor sera. Because significant numbers of ML-ICs and SRCs are mobilized in the blood without exogenous cytokine treatment during acute crisis of SCD, collection of peripheral blood progenitors during crisis may yield a source of autologous HSCs suitable for ex-vivo correction by gene therapy approaches and subsequent transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous circulation of myeloid-lymphoid-initiating cells and SCID-repopulating cells in sickle cell crisis. 1263 87

As the life expectancy of patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SCA) improves, SCA care providers are confronted with diseases of the adult SCA population rarely seen before. We report here a 40-year-old woman with SCA who developed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that was treated with eight cycles of chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide (CHOPE), without complete remission. She subsequently underwent high-dose cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). To reduce the risk of sickle cell crisis precipitated by G-CSF, she underwent hypertransfusion to maintain a low % hemoglobin S throughout her treatment course. Although she has required iron chelation therapy and shows no sign of modification of her underlying SCA, she remains in remission from NHL 12 years posttransplant. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of autologous BMT in a patient with SCA. Our patient illustrates that SCA in itself does not preclude autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma in selected patients, and this report should encourage others to consider autologous BMT in adults with SCA where it represents a lifesaving therapy for malignant diseases.
 ...
PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplant in a patient with sickle cell disease and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 1469 86

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are ideal targets for genetic manipulation in the treatment of several congenital and acquired disorders affecting the hematopoietic compartment. Although G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells are the favored source of hematopoietic stem cells in clinical transplantation, this source of stem cells does not provide meaningful engraftment levels of genetically modified cells compared with G-CSF + stem cell factor (SCF)-mobilized cells in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, the use of G-CSF mobilization can have disastrous consequences in patients with sickle cell disease, a long-held target disorder for HSC-based gene therapy approaches. We therefore conducted a study to compare the levels of genetically modified cells attainable after retroviral transduction of CD34(+) cells collected from a bone marrow (BM) harvest with CD34(+) cells collected from a leukapheresis product after mobilization with G-CSF (n = 3) or G-CSF in combination with SCF (n = 3) in the rhesus macaque autologous transplantation model. Transductions were performed using retroviral vector supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates for 96 hours in the presence of stimulatory cytokines. BM was equal to or better than G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral transduction. Although the highest marking observed was derived from G-SCF + SCF-mobilized peripheral blood in two animals, marking in the third originated only from the BM fraction. These results demonstrate that steady-state BM is at least equivalent to G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral gene transfer and the only currently available source for patients with sickle cell disease.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of retroviral transduction efficiency in CD34+ cells derived from bone marrow versus G-CSF-mobilized or G-CSF plus stem cell factor-mobilized peripheral blood in nonhuman primates. 1553 96

A role for leukocytes in sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis is becoming increasingly recognized. Neutrophil counts are higher in sickle cell patients and neutrophils from these patients demonstrate increased adhesion to endothelial monolayers under certain circumstances. The effects of selected cytokines on the adhesion mechanisms of normal neutrophils and neutrophils from sickle cell anaemia patients (SCA neutrophils) were investigated. Neutrophils were separated from the blood of homozygous (HbSS) SCA patients and healthy controls. Following pre-incubation (25 min, 37 degrees C) of the cells with cytokines, the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin (FN)-coated plates (20 micro) was determined (60 min, 37 degrees C, 5% CO2). Basal adhesion of normal and SCA neutrophils to FN was not statistically different. Pretreatment of normal neutrophils with either IL-6 (10-100 pg/ml), GCSF (1- 10 ng/ml) or IL-8 (1-100 ng/ml) had no significant effect upon their adhesion to FN. In contrast, SCA neutrophil adhesion to FN was increased significantly following pre-incubation with IL-6, G-CSF and IL-8 (p < 0.01). RANTES (1-100 ng/ml) had no significant effect on either normal or SCA neutrophil adhesion to FN. Flow-cytometric analyses demonstrated that IL-8 (10 ng/ml) significantly augments CD11b (Mac-1 integrin subunit) expression on SCA neutrophils, but not normal neutrophils. IL-6 and G-CSF (10 pg/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively), however, had no effect on SCA neutrophil adhesion molecule expression. In conclusion, SCA neutrophil adhesion mechanisms may increase in the presence of certain cytokines, in vivo, and this activation may contribute to the physiopathology of sickle cell disease.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cytokines and chemokines on sickle neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin. 1580 92

Effective gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies will require high numbers of autologous gene-engineered hematopoetic stem cells to be reintroduced into the patients. Stem cell mobilization using G-CSF is the most convenient and effective approach to achieve this goal, but it can have severe side effects in sickle cell anemia and be potentially harmful in the case of severe thalassemia. Hence, the optimal way of collection of hematopoetic stem cells from patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease needs to be determined. In this paper, we review the possible risks of G-CSF mobilization in hemoglobinopathies and we outline the approaches used in an on-going clinical trial in which pretreatment with hydroxyurea is used to reduce potential risks of G-CSF administration to patients with severe beta thalassemia.
 ...
PMID:Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization strategies for gene therapy of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease. 2071 73

We report an Omani family in whom the propositus had a rare coexistence of sickle cell disease and severe congenital neutropenia associated with a mutation in ELANE. In contrast to his siblings with sickle cell disease, the severity of HbSS-associated complications such as painful crises and acute chest syndrome was significantly reduced. His course of the disease had markedly worsened after initiating G-CSF therapy. These clinical observations suggest that neutropenia may ameliorate inflammatory responses and thus display a modulating factor with respect to the clinical course of sickle cell disease.
 ...
PMID:Coexistence of sickle cell disease and severe congenital neutropenia: first impressions can be deceiving. 2275 17