Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002895 (sickle cell disease)
 11,747 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 1st generation of serological tests for anti-HIV-1 gave so many false positives with African sera that it was wrongly postulated that the virus was endemic in Africa. As there is no simian or other virus sufficiently closely related to HIV-1 as to suggest a recent common ancestor, the evolution of HIV-1 is obscure and there is no evidence to support the hypothesis of an African origin. However, the similarity of HIV-2 to SIV and its geographical distribution do suggest an evolution of this virus in west Africa. The earliest anti-HIV-1 positive serum was from a subject in Kinshasa in 1959. Seroprevalence rose in pregnant women in Kinshasa from 0.25% in 1970 to 3.0% in 1980 and 5.7% in 1986. When 2 sexually promiscuous groups are compared, seropositivity rose sharply in female prostitutes in Nairobi from 4% in 1981 to 59% in 1984 and 64% in 1986, a curve which is approximately parallel to, but 3 years later than that of homosexual males in San Francisco. In central and east Africa, HIV-1 is now epidemic from Congo to Kenya and from Uganda to Zimbabwe. In west Africa, both HIV-2 and HIV-1 are epidemic; seroprevalence of HIV-2 is highest in southern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Cote d'Ivoire: HIV-1 had the highest frequency in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. HIV-2 has not been reported, and HIV-1 is pre-epidemic in Africa north of the Sahara, Nigeria, Angola, MOzambique, and southern Africa, being found at significant frequency only in female prostitutes, patients with STD, or, in Morocco and South Africa only, in male homosexuals. Seroprevalence is greatest in female prostitutes and patients with STD; infection is more frequent in urban than in rural populations, except in Uganda. The peak frequency is at 30-34 years in males and 20-24 years in females. Other groups at risk are infants born to infected mothers, and those requiring blood transfusions, especially preschool children, patients with sickle cell disease, and pregnant women. The doubling time for seropositivity is about 1 year in the sexually active age range in some populations. Even at existing seroprevalence, decimation or worse of the most productive age groups is inevitable during the next few years in certain countries. Accelerated progression of the disease during pregnancy will lead to higher morbidity and mortality among fertile women than among men. The recent reductions in infant and childhood mortalities will be reversed, and populations may decline. Devastating social, economic, and demographic consequences are forecast. (author's)
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PMID:Seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency viruses in Africa. 319 Dec 7

An HIV-infected man receiving antiretroviral therapy-who also had lupus-like vasculitis and membranous glomerulonephritis (treated with prednisolone and azathioprine), beta-thalassaemia minor trait and post-radiotherapy functional asplenia (mimicking sickle cell disease-induced hyposplenism)-developed focal soft issue and bone infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis at the site of previous mycobacterial infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jul
PMID:Focal Salmonella enteritidis infection in a patient with HIV infection and other multiple causes of immunodeficiency. 1857 27