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Query: UMLS:C0002895 (sickle cell disease)
 11,747 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one cases of amoebiasis seen at autopsy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 10-year period are reviewed. They constituted 0.59 percent of 3,556 autopsies performed during this period. Delay in seeking medical advice and in diagnosis and commencement of appropriate therapy were some of the factors contributing to the mortality in 16 (76pc) cases. Furthermore, Chronic renal failure, Cirrhosis, Lymphoma, Pregnancy and Sickle cell disease were also contributory factors to mortality in 7 (33pc) cases. With the progressive deterioration of the economics of Nigeria, urban migration and the increasing size of urban slums with crowded unhygienic conditions, the spread of this infection may accelerate and so result in greater mortality in the future.
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PMID:Amoebic cases at autopsy and factors that might have contributed to death at Ibadan. 228 32

To study the etiology of chronic childhood diarrhea among Nigerian children, 142 patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with diarrhea for at least 1 month, were evaluated; the study took place during January-December 1983 at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Enteropathogenic agents were identified in stools of 90 (63%) patients. Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were most commonly detected, representing 41% and 23%, respectively, of all parasitic pathogens. In children with negative stool microscopy, chronic diarrhea was associated with primary lactose intolerance (2 cases), abdominal tuberculosis (2 cases), hyponatremia, low serum albumin, anemia due to sickle cell disease, or Staphylococcus aureus infection. In contrast with chronic diarrhea etiologies reported among children in Europe and North America, infections were the major cause of chronic childhood diarrhea among these children. In general, it is accepted that intestinal infection usually produces acute diarrhea--and that, if the host fails to mount a competent immune response, if there is repeated exposure to infectious agents, or if severe infection damages a substantial proportion of absorptive cells, then severe, protracted diarrhea may result. The high case fatality rate of 9% in this series was associated with specific infectious complications of septicemia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and measles. Severe malnutrition also worsened the prognosis in chronic diarrhea. The results indicate that early detection and treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis is a useful approach in the treatment of chronic diarrhea cases among children.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in Nigerian children. 383 11

In Africa, the obstetrical risk is related to the difficulty to monitor the pregnancy during which obstetrical emergency may occur and will have to be treated by the practitioner with, sometimes, inadequate facilities. The authors examine the problems concerning successively the expectant mother, the foetus and the placenta. Then, they propose some solutions in the field of anesthesia and intensive care. The expectant mothers are exposed to the heat and sometimes are suffering from undernutrition, so it requires special attention when using anesthetics. In addition, they frequently present an increased morbidity:--universal diseases among which renovascular syndromes often lead to eclampsia and to abruptio placentae;--tropical diseases may raise problems either to anesthesia (sickle cell anemia, bilharziosis) or to intensive care (algid pernicious fever, malignant amebiasis). Children are subject to an increased stillbirth rate in accordance with pregnancy duration and with the intensive facilities available at the time of the birth. Either infective or mechanical complications may occur in placenta and they may cause some distress to both mother and foetus. With respect to all these cases, the authors examine the various analgesia methods for obstetrical purpose and point out their indications and contraindications. It seems that regional anesthesia is suitable for health posts without facilities. Peridural anesthesia is operative with a great number of situations but it requires some technical training. Then methods to monitor both mother and foetus are exposed. According to the available facilities, ways and means are given to solve problems of anesthesia: labour maternal complications (Mendelson's syndrome, eclampsia, obstetrical complications either mechanical and hemorrhagic) or secondary complications (bacterial or parasitic complications, renal insufficiency); foetal complications either during labour, or at birth, or after delivery.
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PMID:[Obstetrical anesthesia and resuscitation in Africa]. 685 29