Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002878 (hemolytic anemia)
 7,530 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemoglobinopathy and allied hemolytic disorders are important genetic and public health problems in Orissa. These cause high degree of hemolytic anemia, morbidity and mortality in the vulnerable populations. A total of 465 Ashram School children aged 6-15 years belonging to Bathudi, Bhumiz, Kolha and Santal tribes in six localities of Mayurbhanj district of Orissa were screened for hemoglobinopathy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, ABO and Rhesus blood groups serology and any other hereditary condition. The sickle cell trait (Hb AS) was detected in Santal (1.0%), Bathudi (1.0%) and Bhumiz (0.9%) tribals. No case of homozygous sickle cell disease was detected among the tribes of Mayurbhanj district. The beta-thalassemia trait was detected in Santal (8.0%), Kolha (2.0%), Bhumiz (1.7%) and other tribal (3.8%) students. Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy and beta-thalassemia are prevalent in this district among the tribes, but the frequency is very low. The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency is considerably high (7.7-9.8%) among the tribes of Mayurbhanj district in Orissa. Out of total 43 G-6-PD deficient subjects, there were 32 males, 9 heterozygote females and 2 homozygous females. This shows that the antimalarial drugs should be administered with caution as these cause hemolytic anemia, sometimes fatal also. The distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups shows the preponderance of B blood group (33.8%) over O (29.6%) and 2.1% cases of Rhesus negativity were detected among the Bathudi tribe. This pattern is consistent with the characteristic features of tribal populations in India.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary hemolytic disorders among the Ashram school children in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa. 1077 94

The development of hemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. The frequency, causes, and prevention of this phenomena among 64 transfused thalassemia patients (75% Asian) were evaluated. The effect of red blood cell (RBC) phenotypic differences between donors (mostly white) and Asian recipients on the frequency of alloimmunization was determined. Additional transfusion and patient immune factors were examined. 14 (22%) of 64 patients (75% Asian) became alloimmunized. A mismatched RBC phenotype between the white population, comprising the majority of the donor pool, and that of the Asian recipients, was found for K, c, S, and Fyb antigens, which accounts for 38% of the alloantibodies among Asian patients. Patients who had a splenectomy had a higher rate of alloimmunization than patients who did not have a splenectomy (36% vs 12.8%; P =.06). Erythrocyte autoantibodies, as determined by a positive Coombs test, developed in 25% or 16 of the 64 patients, thereby causing severe hemolytic anemia in 3 of 16 patients. Of these 16, 11 antibodies were typed immunoglobulin G [IgG], and 5 were typed IgM. Autoimmunization was associated with alloimmunization and with the absence of spleen (44% and 56%, respectively). Transfused RBCs had abnormal deformability profiles, more prominent in the patients without a spleen, which possibly stimulated antibody production. Transfusion of phenotypically matched blood for the Rh and Kell (leukodepleted in 92%) systems compared to blood phenotypically matched for the standard ABO-D system (leukodepleted in 60%) proved to be effective in preventing alloimmunization (2.8% vs 33%; P =.0005). Alloimmunization and autoimmunization are common, serious complications in Asian thalassemia patients, who are affected by donor-recipient RBC antigen mismatch and immunological factors.
 ...
PMID:Alloimmunization and erythrocyte autoimmunization in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of predominantly asian descent. 1140 12

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for autoimmune diseases but can also cause clinical features similar to those of autoimmune diseases. In some of these cases the autoimmune-like condition is associated with autoimmune cytopenia, a complication that can be unresponsive to established treatment strategies and which may be fatal. The majority of cases reported on immune hemolytic anemia have been of alloimmune origin due to ABO red blood cell antigen incompatibilities between donor and recipient. We now report a patient with a lupus-like syndrome, presenting with severe thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia 9 months after HLA-mismatch, ABO compatible-related PBSCT who experienced no response to high-dose steroids, but who had a sustained response to repeated IvIG therapy.
 ...
PMID:Successful treatment of thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia with IvIG in a patient with lupus-like syndrome after mismatched related PBSCT. 1127 84

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia presenting post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is often alloimmune in origin due to ABO or minor red cell incompatibilities. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is also recognised, is frequently difficult to treat and overall prognosis is often poor, usually from associated problems. Here, we present a case report of autoimmune haemolysis presenting in an 8-year-old boy 6 months post allogeneic bone marrow transplant requiring 4 years of immunosuppressive therapy before remission of haemolysis. This case report highlights the fact that it is possible for haemolysis to resolve post transplant even after years of immunosuppressive therapy.
 ...
PMID:Remission of severe, intractable autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following matched unrelated donor transplantation. 1178 33

Acute hemolytic anemia is one of the side effects associated with cyclosporin and tacrolimus therapy, and three mechanisms have been described to account for hemolytic anemia in patients receiving these drugs: drug induced hemolysis, autoimmune hemolysis and alloimmune hemolysis resulting from donor lymphocytes derived from the allograft (passenger lymphocyte syndrome). We report four cases of renal transplant recipients who developed alloimmune hemolytic anemia due to minor ABO incompatibility while under treatment with cyclosporin (two) and tacrolimus (two). The anti-erythrocyte antibodies responsible for hemolysis were of the IgG isotype and showed anti-A or anti-B specificity. These findings suggest that the hemolysis could be related to alloantibodies derived from the clonal development of donor B lymphocytes in the recipients (microchimerism). In summary, hemolytic anemia due to ABO-minor incompatibility occurs infrequently after renal transplantation. Risks are higher for patients A, B or AB blood group receiving an O blood group graft under treatment with cyclosporin or tacrolimus. Follow-up of these patients is warranted for the early detection and optimal management may be achieved by reduction of immunosuppression and change to mycophenolate mofetil.
 ...
PMID:[Hemolytic anemia caused by graft-versus-host reaction in ABO-nonidentical renal transplants from blood group O donors]. 1181 17

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare complication following allogeneic organ transplantation. Despite that some other drugs have also been reported, in the majority of cases this complication has been associated with cyclosporine therapy. We here present a case of severe alloimmune hemolytic anemia due to ABO minor incompatibility after renal transplantation in a patient treated with tacrolimus.
 ...
PMID:Severe alloimmune hemolytic anemia after renal transplantation. 1237 72

Immune haemolysis following renal transplantation has been reported and known causes include infection, medication and metabolic disturbances (1,2). Autoimmune haemolysis after renal transplantation secondary to ABO minor mismatch is an uncommon but important cause that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of post-transplantation haemolysis. A case of haemolytic anaemia caused by graft versus host antibody formation is presented. We suggest that direct Coomb's test should be done as a routine in all cases of ABO mismatch renal transplantation and red cells compatible with both donor and recipient or group "O" packed cells should be transfused if transfusion is indicated.
 ...
PMID:Immune haemolysis after renal transplantation secondary to ABO minor-mismatch between donor and recipient. 1250 29

Patients showing red cell loss following severe burns have been considered in two groups, the more severe cases with late haemoglobinuria and the more numerous less severe cases without late haemoglobinuria. Patients who had late haemoglobinuria usually belonged to group A or AB, showed a normal or increased osmotic fragility of red cells, and had received more than three plasma volumes of pooled plasma. It is suggested that this haemolytic anaemia may have been caused by the anti-A isoagglutinins in pooled plasma or serum. Patients showing red cell loss but who had no late haemoglobinuria had a normal ABO group distribution and an increased osmotic resistance of their red cells. It is concluded that this more common type of red cell loss in burns is independent of transfused isoagglutinins. Isoantibodies present in pooled plasma have been investigated. Corresponding antibodies have been demonstrated in the serum of groups A and AB patients transfused with moderate quantities of pooled plasma. The same patients commonly also had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, without there being a clinically important red cell loss.
 ...
PMID:The relation of the isoagglutinins in pooled plasma to the haemolytic anaemia of burns. 1398 45

Hemolysis after renal transplantation in some cases is clearly related to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and usually attributed to cyclosporine (CsA) treatment. Acute hemolysis in other recipients is related to anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. In most cases these patients have received ABO-compatible, although ABO-nonidentical, organs, mostly from O blood group donors. We report three cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after renal transplantation. Two patients (patients: 1 and 2; ABO-compatible, but nonidentical kidneys) suffered acute hemolysis in the third week after transplantation. One patient (patient 3: ABO-identical kidney) suffered a chronic, subclinical course of disease beginning 5 months after transplantation. The clinical picture of this disease was completely different from HUS. The existence of severe anemia (patients 1 and 2), hyperbilirubinemia (particularly high in patient 3), increased serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and decreased serum haptoglobin in the presence of good graft function suggested an hemolytic anemia. In all patients the direct antiglobulin test was positive. The acute or chronic symptoms of hemolysis disappeared, at 2 and 5 weeks, respectively, after conversion from CsA to tacrolimus. Hemolysis in these patients probably relates to alloantibodies derived from passenger B lymphocytes transplanted with the organs. Because hemolysis has been most frequently related to CsA therapy, it is suggested that B lymphocytes proliferated and produced antibodies because CsA effects to inhibit T-cell function generally spares B-cell activity. It is proposed that a subtype of B cells, which are resistant to CsA, produces anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies. Treatment with tacrolimus appears to be successful, probably due to its alternate, and likely more effective, manner of B-cell suppression.
 ...
PMID:Hemolytic anemia after renal transplantation: analysis of case reports. 1452 99

Immune-mediated hemolysis is a well-recognized occurrence which complicates the period following a bone marrow transplant (BMT). However, although many studies have investigated the hemolytic anemia following ABO-incompatible BMT, data regarding the occurrence of alloantibodies against red blood cell (RBC) antigens other than ABO in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are limited. In this review, we briefly analyze the most important non-ABO red blood cell (RBC) antigen systems involved in the development of post-BMT alloimmune hemolytic anemia, paying particular attention to the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinical significance of the alloantibodies involved. Among the non-ABO RBC antigens, RhD antigen is the one most frequently implicated in the development of post-BMT alloimmune hemolytic anemia. Although less frequent than hemolysis following transplants with ABO incompatibility, non-ABO-incompatible allograft hemolysis may severely complicate the post-BMT period creating difficult clinical management issues. For this reason, we advise careful pre-transplant donor and recipient checks for the most important RBC antigen systems and close post-BMT immunohematological monitoring in those patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant with RBC antigen incompatibility.
 ...
PMID:Non-ABO red blood cell alloantibodies following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1509 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>