Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002878 (hemolytic anemia)
 7,530 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate three possible causes of the acute hemolysis in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, we studied prospectively 207 children and 34 adults with shigellosis in Bangladesh. Nineteen children showed acute hemolytic anemia, a leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia and oliguria; nine other had, in addition, a serum urea nitrogen level of over 100 mg per diciliter. Eight of the nine had pseudomembranous colitis, and six of the nine died. The frequency of bacteremia was similar in all grades of shigellosis. Circulating immune complexes were found in 10 of 20 patients with uncomplicated shigellosis and in four of six with severe hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Limulus assay for endotoxemia was positive in nine of 18 patients with hemolysis (50 per cent) and three of 61 with uncomplicated shigellosis (5 per cent) (P less than 0.001). These data support the hypothesis that severe colitis in shigellosis is associated with circulating endotoxin from the colon producing coagulopathy, renal microangiopathy and hemolytic anemia.
 ...
PMID:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome after shigellosis. Relation to endotoxemia and circulating immune complexes. 64 73

2-Dimethylamino-4-(N-methylanilino)-phenol (MP), an active metabolite of N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide in the autocatalytic formation of ferrihemoglobin, reacted quickly in dogs after intravenous injection. A dose of 14C-labeled MP which oxidized 40% of the hemoglobin disappeared from the blood in 20 min. During this period of time MP transferred catalytically electrons from ferrohemoglobin to oxygen, reacted with sulfotransferases to form the sulfuric acid ester, and was covalently bound in blood and other tissues. In the urine, in addition to the sulfuric acid ester of MP (25%), methylamine, dimethylamine, and N-methylaniline were found. Their amount indicated that most of the MP not esterified with sulfuric acid had lost a nitrogen by hydrolysis of the quinonimine. The metabolites which were covalently bound in blood and other tissues disappeared slowly, traces of radioactivity being found in blood and urine 7 days after i.v. injection of MP, 15 mg/kg. The formation of methylamines as well as N-methylaniline from MP in vivo and in blood in vitro proves that the oxidation product of MP, a purple dye, is a resonance hybrid of the two structures 2-dimethylamino-N-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone-4-imonium and 4-(N-methylanilino)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-benzoquinone-2-imonium. In addition to ferrihemoglobin MP produced numerous Heinz bodies in red cells and caused hemolytic anemia. After lethal doses necroses in the kidney tubules were found.
 ...
PMID:Biotransformation and some effects of 2-dimethylamino-4-(N-methylanilino)-phenol in dogs. 89 96

The case report of a 10-year-old boy, admitted to the hospital after he had experienced 4 days of periumbilical abdominal pain, intermittent vomiting, and diarrhea, is presented. He had proctoscopic and radiologic findings resembling ulcerative colitis. However, further analysis of laboratory data suggested hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Since the patient in the pediatric age group presents with a clinical picture mimicking ulcerative colitis, this hemolytic-uremic syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis. Examination of a peripheral smear revealing typical findings of microangiogpathic, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a rising blood urea nitrogen value will lead to the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and early appropriate therapy.
 ...
PMID:Acute colitis resembling ulcerative colitis in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 125 52

In haematological diseases, insufficient data has been accumulated to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drug treatment in patients with erythroid aplasia or sideroblastic anaemia. Cyclophosphamide may be efficacious in inhibiting circulating anticoagulants in patients who need continued replacement of clotting factors. Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide and vincristine have been used successfully in treating patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and some patients with auto-immune haemolytic anaemia may benefit from the addition of purine analogues. However, the use of immunosuppressive therapy seems to accelerate the presence of haematological malignancies in patients with macroglobulinaemia. In gastro-intestinal diseases, uncontrolled studies have shown nitrogen mustard, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to be of modest benefit to patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In a controlled trial azathioprine plus prednisone proved more effective than prednisone alone in sustaining remission in patients with Crohn's disease. In patients with either chronic active hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis, however, there seems to be no benefit from immunosuppressive therapy for primary treatment of these diseases. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and methotrexate have all been used with some success in treating patient with uveitis, and in a controlled trial cytarabine has been shown to be beneficial to patients with herpes ophthalmicus. However, no benefit has been shown to patients with the eye changes of Graves' disease with either azathioprine or methotrexate. Patients with Paget's disease appear to be helped by mithramycin. Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and azathioprine are ineffective in treating patients with multiple sclerosis. 6-Mercaptopurine, azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide have all produced some benefit in patients with myasthenia gravis, and some patients with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis have responded to azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide. Alkylating agents have proved useful in treating some patients with asthma and in treating frequent relapsers among children with the nephrotic syndrome. In adults with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis some patients have responded to combination therapy with cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and corticosteroids. Immunosuppressive therapy is also indicated in prolonging graft survivals in patients receiving organ transplants. Drug toxicities of immunosuppressive agents are discussed. Their long-term effects, including mutagenic potential, have as yet not been fully elucidated.
 ...
PMID:Clinical use of immunosuppressive drugs: part II. 127 59

Pathophysiological and therapeutic properties of anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) were investigated. Both anemia and chronic inflammation were induced in rats by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. This study confirmed other earlier data that these anemic rats with AA had reduced serum iron levels and that the anemia was characterized as mild, non-progressive, hypochromic, microcytic. In addition, our studies showed that these anemic rats had slightly but significantly enhanced erythropoietin titers, but not renal failure; there was no significant difference in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in anemic and normal groups. The anemia in rats with AA was improved by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) at 30 and 100 U/kg/day, given i.v. for 5 days. In contrast, iron-chondroitin-sulfate colloid (10 mg/kg/day, i.v. for 5 days) failed to improve the anemia and to enhance the effects of r-HuEPO. These data suggest that anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis is distinguished, pathophysiologically and therapeutically, from iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, and renal anemia.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin, but not iron supplementation, improves anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. 181 58

It is well known that phenylhydrazine induces hemolytic anemia. This is thought to result from the reaction of phenylhydrazine with hemoglobin. The accompanying oxidation of phenylhydrazine leads to the formation of a number of products, including benzene, nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and the phenyl radical. The products formed depend critically on the conditions of the experiment, especially the amount of oxygen present. It is now known that oxyhemoglobin and myoglobin react with phenylhydrazine to yield a derivative of hemoglobin containing N-phenylprotoporphyrin in which the heme group is modified. The recent identification of sigma-phenyliron(III) porphyrins in phenylhydrazine-modified metmyoglobin has aided elucidation of the mechanism of hemoglobin modification. Mechanistic schemes are proposed to account for product formation.
 ...
PMID:Reactions of hemoglobin with phenylhydrazine: a review of selected aspects. 300 94

The pathology of malignant hypertension in dogs induced either purposely or inadvertently by the Goldblatt procedure has not been previously reported. Malignant hypertension was experimentally produced in beagle dogs by a modified Goldblatt procedure; in a single surgical procedure, one kidney was removed and the blood flow to the remaining kidney was reduced by 50%. A sudden onset of severe clinical signs developed within one to three weeks after surgery. The dogs were markedly depressed or in shock, were vomiting, and had either bloody feces or bloody diarrhea. Hematologic changes compatible with a diagnosis of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia consisted of hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and the presence of burr cells and schistocytes. Some dogs had neutrophilia and slight to moderate increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. At necropsy, there were gross hemorrhages in the heart, brain, urinary bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. Histologic findings consisted of multifocal parenchymal hemorrhage, fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles, medial smooth muscle hyperplasia, adventitial fibroplasia and mononuclear cell infiltrates, and microthrombi. The vascular clamp most likely protected the kidney from the systemic hypertension since the remaining kidney was largely not remarkable by light or electron microscopy. The dog appears to be a good model to study the pathology of malignant hypertension and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.
 ...
PMID:Experimentally induced malignant hypertension in beagle dogs. 376 16

Our experience with 61 episodes of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in 60 patients showed a mean patient age of 3 years and a higher incidence of the disease during the summer months. Diarrhea, often bloody, preceded the other features of the illness in 93 percent of the cases. Hemolytic anemia, hematuria and proteinuria occurred in all of the patients. Thrombocytopenia and severe azotemia (blood urea nitrogen greater than 100 mg per dl) occurred in 74 percent and 72 percent of the children, respectively. Blood transfusions were necessary in 64 percent and dialysis was required in 54 percent of the cases. Mortality was low (5 percent) and 85 percent of the children had a complete recovery.
 ...
PMID:The hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 726 54

Inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(9) Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. Clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. Laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Chloride concentration decreased in the serum of dogs with severe disease. The icterus in the infected dogs did not appear to be related to hemolytic anemia.
 ...
PMID:Serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. 727 Oct 27

A disease syndrome similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome of people is described in three dogs with acute renal failure. In each dog, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis preceded the onset of anuric acute renal failure. Evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schizocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased concentrations of fibrin split products) was present in the three dogs. Serum chemistry results showed increased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus. Ultrasound examination performed in one dog revealed increased echogenicity of the renal cortices. Treatment for anuric acute renal failure using a continuous dopamine and furosemide infusion established urine production in one of three dogs. Microscopic examination of tissue from the two dogs that underwent necropsy showed occlusion of the renal vasculature by fibrin thrombi consistent with microangiopathic arteriolar thrombosis. The pathophysiology and current knowledge of human hemolytic uremic syndrome is compared with hemolytic uremic syndrome in these dogs.
 ...
PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome in dogs. 824 11


1 2 3 Next >>