Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with aplastic anemia was immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and transplanted with allogenic bone marrow. While lacking demonstrable T-cell activity posttransplantation, he developed a generalized macular erythematous eruption and fever, clinically attributed to intranasal polymyxin B. A specific IgE antibody, demonstrated by direct skin testing, Prausnitz-Kustner passive transfer, and indirect passive hemagglutination was temporally related to the reaction. Discontinuation of the drug led to prompt defervescence and resolution of the drug eruption.
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PMID:Polymyxin B reactions, IgE antibody, and T-cell deficiency. Immunochemical studies in a patient after bone marrow transplantation. 16 31

Infection is a frequent cause of death in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Although lymphocyte dysfunction has been observed in a few such patients, no systematic study of neutrophil function has yet been reported. Neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated by a 51Cr-radioassay after bone marrow transplantation in 34 patients with acute leukemia or aplastic anemia. The response to a chemotactic stimulus (C5a) was severely depressed (less than 35% of normal) in 18 patients, moderately depressed (35-65% of normal) in an additional 6, and normal in 10 subjects. The mean response in the absence of graft vs. host disease and antithymocyte globulin administration was 73.3+/-9.2% (SE) in contrast to 29.7+/-9.6% (P is less than 0.01) in patients with graft vs. host disease treated with antithymocyte golbulin. Both graft vs. host disease and antithymocyte globulin were implicated since the presence of either factor alone was associated with depressed chemotaxis (31.1+/-4.9% for graft vs. host disease, P is less than 0.01; 17.0+/-7.8% for antithymocyte globulin, P is less than 0.02). When normal neutrophils were incubated with antithymocyte globulin in vitro, their chemotactic response was markedly suppressed in the absence of a cytotoxic effect. Transplant patients with defective chemotaxis experienced significantly more infections than those with normal chemotaxis, and analysis of specific etiologic agents showed that this was predominantly related to bacterial pathogens. Chemotactic inhibitors were detected in the sera of seven patients and elevated IgE levels were found in nine subjects, eight of whom had graft vs. host disease. Generation of chemotactic activity by endotoxin activation of serum was reduced in five patients. The results demonstrate a severe defect in neutrophil chemotaxis in some bone marrow transplant patients and suggest that neutrophil dysfunction may predispose to infection in such patients.
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PMID:Defective neutrophil chemotaxis in bone marrow transplant patients. 77 29

We recently reported the development of several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to native human erythropoietin (Ep). In the present study we have used the two antibodies with highest affinity to develop a two-sided or sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure Ep in human serum. In this assay Ep is incubated in microtiter wells precoated with the first (IgE) anti-Ep antibody. Assay wells are then incubated with the second (IgG1) anti-Ep antibody, which is labeled noncovalently with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) by means of bispecific tetrameric antibody complexes consisting of IgG1 anti-Ep cross-linked to IgG1 anti-AP using rat MoAbs specific for mouse IgG1. Application of this noncovalent labeling procedure, in combination with substrate amplification, results in a detection sensitivity of 0.5 to 1.0 mU/sample (5 to 10 mU/mL), which makes this assay suitable for measuring normal serum Ep levels. The validity of this ELISA for quantitating Ep in biological fluids was demonstrated by the parallelism obtained between pure recombinant Ep dose-response curves and those obtained with plasma and serum from healthy donors and patients with various hematologic disorders. Normal plasma Ep levels detected with this ELISA ranged from 9 to 101 mU/mL with a mean of 32 +/- 23 (SD) mU/mL. Ep levels in sera from patients with polycythemia vera were in the low to normal range, whereas Ep levels in sera from patients with secondary polycythemia and patients with aplastic anemia were moderately to strongly elevated. These results demonstrate that the Ep-ELISA is a sensitive, reliable, and nonradioactive immunologic method for quantitating Ep levels and should prove useful in a variety of clinical and laboratory settings.
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PMID:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for erythropoietin using monoclonal antibodies, tetrameric immune complexes, and substrate amplification. 247 3

Serum IgE levels were followed longitudinally twice a week for up to 100 days in 60 children treated for leukemia, severe aplastic anemia or severe combined immunodeficiency: 52 underwent allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation and 8 immunosuppressive treatment. In 55 of 58 treatment periods which could be analyzed (95%), a transient sharp increase of serum IgE was detected, irrespective of the initial diagnosis and mode of treatment. A second IgE peak was recorded in 16% of evaluable treatment periods. In the transplanted leukemia and aplastic anemia patients, the rise of serum IgE levels occurred at the same time, i.e. at a mean of 14 days after transplantation; it occurred significantly later in children grafted for severe combined immunodeficiency. In children who received immunosuppression for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia, IgE elevations were always seen within 2 weeks after institution of therapy. No relation was found between either the occurrence of clinically acute graft-versus-host disease or infections after treatment, and the time of onset of IgE elevations. It is suggested that the phenomenon of IgE peaks in the population of patients investigated was due to disturbance of T-cell regulation, i.e. a temporary impairment of T-suppressor cell activity.
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PMID:Transient elevation of serum IgE after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. 330 75

IgE levels were determined before and serially after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 12 patients. Six patients had aplastic anemia, four leukemia, and one each Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and infantile agranulocytosis. IgE levels increased sharply (7- to 2,000-fold) in 10 of the 12 as early as 14 days after BMT. They all returned to baseline levels by 60 days. In six of these patients, the rise accompanied clinical and biochemical evidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). All of the patients who received rabbit antihuman thymocytic serum (ATS) in preparation for transplantation and were tested for IgE antirabbit serum antibody by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (n = 6) developed a strongly positive RAST which paralleled their total IgE levels. These high IgE levels detected during the period of acute GVHD may be a manifestation of a transient lack of suppressor T cell activity.
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PMID:Increased serum immunoglobulin E levels following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 699 85

Cytokine is a generic term of biologically active molecules which are mainly produced by the immune-competent cells and regulate the immune response, inflammation and hematopoiesis. This includes interleukins (IL), colony-stimulating factors (CSF), interferons (IFN), tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and so on. These cytokines are glycoproteins with a molecular weight of 20,000-40,000 kD and work at very low concentrations of pM order. ILs and CSFs transduce their signal via specific cell-membrane receptors which usually consist of at least two subunits and belong to a newly identified superfamily of cytokine receptors. Characterization of cytokine/receptor system has had a considerable impact on many clinical fields including pathophysiology of diseases and therapy. For example, IL-4 and IL-5 has been revealed to play essential roles in IgE production in allergic diseases and eosinophilia in a hypereosinophilic syndrome, respectively. Receptor abnormality has also been proven to cause diseases; patients for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) have a specific defect in the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor which is critical for thymic maturation of T cells. EPO, G-CSF, M-CSF, IFN, and IL-2 are already commercially available for therapeutic use. IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, and TNF may also be useful for mycosis fungoides, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and malignant melanoma, respectively. On the other hand, it is possible to modulate the immune response by using the monoclonal antibody directed to the cytokine receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cytokine and disease]. 752 45