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Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) with a hematofluorometer is known to be a simple and cost-effective method to screen iron deficiency and lead poisoning. We measured ZPP on blood samples from 201 children suffering from various diseases, which revealed that ZPP has better sensitivity and specificity for identifying iron deficiency than serum ferritin and percent transferrin saturation. ZPP levels in various anemias were also measured. ZPP rose markedly (> 200 mumol/mol heme) in untreated iron deficiency anemia and returned to normal in 3-4 months since the initiation of iron therapy. Moderate elevation of ZPP was observed in acute leukemia (at onset and during induction therapy), MDS, aplastic anemia and some other anemic conditions. These findings suggest that erythrocyte ferrochelatase may be unexpectedly affected in anemias even except lead poisoning.
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PMID:[The measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio in various anemias in childhood]. 143 41

Forty anaemic (iron deficiency anaemia-27, thalassemia major-8, and aplastic anaemia-5) and 10 non-anaemic children (serving as controls) aged from 8 months to 10 years were selected for the study. The salivary iron was significantly higher in iron deficient and iron overload conditions compared to controls. The mean salivary:serum iron ratio was same in control and iron overload cases, while it was twice as high in iron deficient anaemic children. The correlation between salivary iron and serum iron was significant (r = 0.7392, P less than 0.001) in these cases. The iron deficient anaemic children with hypoalbuminaemia had significantly reduced serum and salivary protein (P less than 0.001), but iron concentrations in serum and saliva remained unaltered. The salivary protein level had significant correlations with serum albumin and serum protein (P less than 0.001). Thus, the iron in saliva is maintained at a higher level and more so in iron deficiency anaemia; it correlates well with serum iron (r = 0.6853, P less than 0.001) in iron deficient anaemic children also and is not affected by co-existing hypoproteinaemic situation.
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PMID:Salivary iron status in children with iron deficiency and iron overload. 156 37

In evaluating pregnant women with anemia, it is essential to do a complete history and physical examination, as well as a complete blood count with indices and a blood smear examination. Based on these findings, other tests such as ferritin and serum or red cell folate may be ordered. Because of the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy that affect the hematocrit, indices, and some other parameters, diagnosing true anemia, as well as the etiology of anemia, is challenging. Because of the increased nutritional requirements of the mother and fetus, the most common anemias are iron deficiency anemia and folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia. These anemias are more common in women who have inadequate diets and who are not receiving prenatal iron and folate supplements. Other less common causes of acquired anemia in pregnancy are aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia associated with preeclampsia. In addition, congenital anemias such as sickle cell disease can impact on the health of the mother and fetus. Obviously, severe anemia has adverse effects on the mother and the fetus. There is also evidence that less severe anemia is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. The cause of this association has yet to be elucidated. It is important, however, to diagnose and treat anemia in pregnancy to provide for optimal health of the mother and infant.
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PMID:Anemia in pregnancy. 157 61

The paper deals with effects of high-altitude (3200 m) adaptation on the clinical presentation, hemopoiesis, proliferation and differentiation of erythroid bone-marrow cells, growth of cultured bone-marrow fibroblasts, iron metabolism, function of the adrenal cortex and T lymphocytes of aplastic anemia patients. The high-altitude adaptation improves the clinical picture, facilitates hemopoiesis and proliferation and maturation of erythroid bone marrow cells, increases the efficacy of the colony-formation of bone marrow cells, intensifies the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, and produces positive immunological changes in the organism. Repeated courses of mountain-climatic therapy produce a more stable clinicohematological remission and increase the survival and working capacity of patients. Indications of mountain-climatic therapy are presented.
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PMID:[Hemopoiesis regulation in healthy subjects and in patients with aplastic anemia at high altitudes]. 170 50

One of the most important factors for the proliferation and hemoglobin synthesis of erythroid cells is iron atom. This atom is tightly bound to serum transferrin (Tf) and is taken up by erythroblasts and reticulocytes through transferrin receptor (TfR). Both Tf and TfR are reutilizable and have roles for the efficient intracellular accumulation of iron. In addition to the reutilization (recycling), the expression of TfR is also regulated by cytoplasmic iron concentration; the increase of iron downregulate the synthesis of TfR at the translational level and vice versa. This mechanism was recently explained by the binding between "iron responsive element (IRE)" in the 5' end of TfR mRNA and IRE binding protein by a transacting manner. Johnstone et al, and we found that TfR was externalized from sheep reticulocyte and human erythroleukemia cell, K562, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that this shed TfR was detected in blood and concluded that the quantitation of TfR in serum is a useful index for evaluating the erythropoiesis. The serum TfR was increased in iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia and polycythemia and was decreased in aplastic anemia. In renal anemia, it was increased after the administration of erythropoietin (Epo). By the in vitro liquid culture of peripheral blood stem cells using interleukin 3 and Epo, it was found that soluble TfR was derived from the erythroblasts during the maturation process.
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PMID:[Expression and extracellular release of transferrin receptors on erythropoiesis]. 189 Jul 32

Twenty-three patients with bicytopenia or pancytopenia were retrospectively studied. The patients with underlying disorders, blast count of more than 5% on bone marrow (BM) aspirate, blast count of more than 1% on peripheral blood or ringed sideroblast count of more than 15% on BM aspirate were excluded. According to Yoshida's criteria, 23 patients were classified into 6 subtypes [AA (aplastic anemia)1: typical AA, AA2: atypical AA, MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome)3: typical RA (refractory anemia, MDS4-6: atypical RA], and AA1 7 cases; AA2 2 cases; MDS3 5 cases; MDS4 1 case; MDS5 2 cases; MDS6 6 cases. To clarify the clinical features of atypical RA group (MDS4-6), we investigated ferrokinetics, RBC life span, karyotype, serum Epo (erythropoietin) concentration, response to therapy and prognosis. Results were as follows: 1) all three RA patients who were younger than 30 years old were included in atypical RA group, 2) in ferrokinetics study PID (plasma iron disappearance time) values of MDS4 and MDS6 patients ranged between those of AA1 and those of MDS3 patients (5 of 7 patients), 3) two cases who developed leukemia belonged to typical RA group, 4) patients with atypical RA showed response to therapy and their prognosis were better than those with typical RA. These observations suggest that atypical RA have different clinical features from typical RA.
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PMID:[Clinical features of atypical refractory anemia (RA)]. 194 25

Ten patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria were studied. The diagnosis was made on the basis of hemolytic anemia, a positive Ham test and hemosiderinuria. Six patients had primary paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria evolved from aplastic anemia. These four patients also had a milder form of the disease, Over long periods of the follow-up, large variations of hemoglobin values and red blood cell counts were observed. Both absolute and percent reticulocyte counts were increased. Erythroblast counts in the bone marrow were 3-5 times higher than normal. Reticulocyte counts in the bone marrow were 3-5 times higher than normal. Reticulocyte counts showed wide variations but substantially smaller than those in autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Serum iron was either normal or increased, while the bone marrow iron store was high or low. However, the finding of urinary hemosiderin in all cases spoke against depletion of iron stores. The red blood cell life span was moderately shortened. Kinetic studies with 59Fe showed a high red blood cell iron incorporation, while the curves frequently had irregular shapes (broken curve) or an early, abrupt fall. Studies of late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) indicated that this compartment was preserved. Even after long observation periods was no stem cell pool depletion due to an increased red blood cell demand observed.
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PMID:Erythropoiesis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 207 18

Erythrocyte basic ferritin (EF) concentration was determined in 64 normal subjects, 123 patients with anemia and 12 patients with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. There was a significant difference between males and females. Other iron indices, including plasma iron (PI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and plasma ferritin (PF) were also determined in all the subjects and bone marrow iron stain was determined in the 135 patients. The lowest EF concentration was seen in patients with iron deficiency anemia, being significantly lower than that in normal subjects. EF concentration in patients with iron deficiency erythropoiesis was also lower than that in normal subjects and at the same time significantly different from that in patients with iron deficiency anemia. EF concentration increased prior to PF concentration in patients with iron deficiency anemia who had been treated for a period of 1-8 weeks. EF concentration in patients with anemia of chronic diseases had a significant difference as compared with that in normal subjects and in patients with iron deficiency anemia, but EF concentration in those patients who were accompanied by iron deficiency was similar to that in patients with simple iron deficiency anemia. EF concentration in some iron overloaded patients (aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, MDS etc.) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. It was demonstrated that there was a good correlation between EF concentration and bone marrow sideroblastic iron in the rank correlation analysis of the iron indices in 135 patients (rs 0.893, P less than 0.01). PF concentration had the best correlation with marrow iron (rs 0.948, P less than 0.01).
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PMID:[Evaluation of erythrocyte basic ferritin in the diagnosis of anemia]. 208

Liver iron and copper concentrations were estimated in 395 patients undergoing hepatological examination. Relations to clinical, morphological and laboratory data were evaluated. Liver iron concentrations were not significantly different in chronic hepatitis of viral, toxic or immunological origin. Liver iron levels exceeding 100 mg/100 g dry liver tissue (normal range up to 300 mg/100 g) were only found in idiopathic hemochromatosis (n = 8), in a patient with prophyria cutanea tarda and in a multiple transfused patient who suffered from aplastic anemia. Liver copper content was significantly increased in primary biliary cirrhosis compared to chronic hepatitis of other origin. Apart from untreated Wilson's disease (n = 3) copper levels higher than 25 mg/100 g dry liver tissue (normal range up to 6 mg/100 g) were measured in chronic active hepatitis B (n = 2), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 9) and in chronic hepatitis of uncertain origin (n = 3). Therefore excess accumulation of copper in the liver was typical of Wilson's disease but less diagnostic than severely elevated liver iron stores of idiopathic hemochromatosis.
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PMID:[Significance of the iron and copper content of the liver for the differential diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. 223 66

We analyzed 105 cases of aplastic anemia diagnosed between 1958 and 1985 to clarify the variables that are related to prognosis. The most significant variable at diagnosis was reticulocyte count, followed in order by percent bone marrow lymphocyte, red cell turnover rate, T-score severity grade, iron utilization and aplastic anemia study group (AASG) severity grade. Reticulocyte count was the single significant variable in multivariate analysis. Three months after diagnosis, the most significant variable was still the reticulocyte count, followed by AASG severity grade. Changes of variables during the 3 months were not correlated to prognosis. Our result reconfirmed that reticulocyte count was the most important variable related to prognosis.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in aplastic anemia. A statistical analysis of 105 cases]. 232 79


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