Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects virtually everyone by adulthood, and a lifelong latency is maintained. It infects children silently, whereas the majority of adolescents have infectious mononucleosis (IM). Children who have IM before 5 years of age are often heterophil negative; EBV-specific antibodies are required for diagnosis. On rare occasions the symptoms of IM may persist in a chronic or recurrent form, and fatal infectious mononucleosis occurs rarely. Depending on the type and degree of immune deficiency and the time the EBV infection occurs in the life cycle, various atypical outcomes can occur. Children with primary immune deficiency can have fatal or chronic IM, malignant B cell lymphoma, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, aplastic anemia, or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. The various outcomes of the EBV infections are likely governed by the immune response of the individual. The increased frequency of B cell neoplasms in immunodeficient patients is likely due, in part, to EBV. Individuals with acquired immune deficiency disorders such as AIDS or allograft recipients may develop malignant B cell lymphomas which tend to be polyclonal, but which may progress through stages of oligoclonality to monoclonality. This conversion likely results from specific reciprocal chromosomal translocations such as t(8;14), which is seen in Burkitt's lymphoma. Detection of EBV in immunodeficient patients is achieved by EBV-specific antibody studies or isolation of virus by obtaining spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines from peripheral blood, isolating virus from throat washings, or identifying EBV genome by molecular hybridization techniques. Prevention of primary immune deficiency by early detection and genetic counseling and monitoring of patients for occurrence of EBV infection may lead to early treatment. Acyclovir and immunoglobulin therapy can be of value in some patients with active EBV infection.
 ...
PMID:Epstein-Barr virus: the spectrum of its manifestations in human beings. 303 69

Marrow transplantation for selected patients with leukemia, as for patients with severe combined immunologic deficiency or severe aplastic anemia, has now become an accepted clinical procedure. For patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed after achieving a remission of chemotherapy, marrow grafting from an identical twin or an HLA-identical sibling has now been demonstrated to produce median remissions as long as or longer than any reported for combination chemotherapy. In contrast to chemotherapy, marrow transplantation offers the possibility of cure for a small but significant fraction of these patients. Marrow transplantation for patients with ANL in first remission has now resulted in median survivals much longer than any reported with chemotherapy. Although it now appears that more than 50% of these patients can be cured with marrow transplantation, a much longer follow-up is indicated since some patients who achieve a complete remission with combination chemotherapy are now living for a long time, and some of these patients (less than 20%) may also be cured. Current intensive research with new modalities such as interferon, Acyclovir, Cyclosporin A, and monoclonal antibodies can reasonably be expected to improve the overall results of marrow transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Marrow transplantation for leukemia. 627 88

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been used for over two decades as a therapy to treat patients with malignant disease [Thomas et al., 1977; Geller et al., 1989; Clift et al., 1987; Gratwohl et al., 1990; Goldman et al., 1986; Thomas et al., 1986]. High doses of chemotherapy are administered either alone or in combination with total body irradiation in an attempt to eradicate malignant cells. The treatment may be lethal to normal bone marrow function, but this toxicity is overcome by providing bone marrow from an external source. In allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow is obtained from an HLA identical family member or unrelated donor. In recent years the use of less well-matched donors has increased, thus expanding the use of this strategy to a larger patient population. The success rate of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been greatest in the treatment of haematopoietic malignancies. Patients with acute or chronic leukaemia have a 30-80 percent likelihood of being free of disease at 5 years following transplantation. The success rate depends on the stage of disease at the time of transplantation. Certain nonmalignant diseases have also been treated successfully with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. These include severe aplastic anaemia, inborn errors of metabolism, and other genetically determined diseases [Storb et al., 1986a, 1991; Lucarelli et al., 1990; Kirkpatrick et al., 1991]. With the availability of effective antiviral therapy, treatment and prophylaxis are available for HSV, CMV, and VZV. Acyclovir has been shown to be effective in treating established infections with HSV and VZV, and in the prophylaxis against HSV, severe CMV infections, and VZV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Acyclovir influence on graft versus host disease. 824 75

In 2001, a 45-year-old man with severe aplastic anemia received a bone marrow transplantation from his HLA-identical sister, 2.5 years after which he developed severe liver dysfunction together with abdominal pain, disturbance of consciousness and generalized vesicles. Disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection was diagnosed by the detection of VZV DNA. Acyclovir and plasma exchange rapidly controlled his VZV-related symptoms and signs. Disseminated VZV infection is often fatal, but acyclovir and plasma exchange may be useful for such infection by reducing the circulating viral load.
 ...
PMID:[Acyclovir combined with plasma exchange for disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection after bone marrow transplantation]. 1662 86