Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Underlying diseases, complications, clinical findings, and laboratory findings were evaluated in 158 cases of septicaemia admitted to Jikei University Hospital from 1975 to 1994, in order to conjectured factors that prescribe for the prognosis. 50% of the patients had underlying diseases. Malignancy including leukaemia (31 cases, 39.2%) was the most common underlying disease, followed by low birth weight infant (17 cases, 21.5%), aplastic anemia (9 case, 11.4%), and congenital heart disease (7 cases, 8.9%). The death rate for patients with underlying disease (27.8%) was significantly greater than the mortality for normal patients with septicaemia (8.9%) (p < 0.05). Meningitis (24.7%) was the most common complication, followed by DIC (19.6%), shock (15.2%), and pneumonia (10.8%). The mortality rate of septicaemia complicated by shock was 66.7% (p < 0.01), and that complicated by DIC was 45.2% (p < 0.01). The mortality rate for patients with the clinical findings of respiratory distress, cough, abdominal distention, cyanosis, splenomegaly, or peripheral coldness was more than 40% and significantly greater (p < 0.01). Mortality rate in patients with granulocyte counts of < 4.000/mm3, platelet counts of < 5 x 10(4)/ mm3, total protein of < 5.0 g/dl, or ESR of < 20 mm/hr were significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those in patients with normal laboratory findings. Coincidence rate of blood and stool cultures was 57.9% for E. coli, and 28.6% for Klebsiella sp., and that of blood and throat cultures was more than 30% for Pseudomonas sp., Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In the study of antimicrobial susceptibility for microorganisms isolated, the number of drug resistant S. aureus had increased in the last 10 years.
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PMID:[Study on septicaemia in infants and children in the past 20 years. Part 2. An analysis of factors that prescribe for the prognosis]. 889 May 45

1. Chloramphenicol has been widely used in the treatment of serious infections including typhoid fever and meningitis. However, the drug is haemotoxic in man inducing firstly, a reversible, dose-dependent anaemia which develops during treatment, secondly, an often fatal aplastic anaemia with pancytopenia and acellular marrow, and thirdly, leukaemia. 2. We investigated the haemotoxicity of chloramphenicol succinate (CAPS) in female CD-1 mice in repeat dose studies, to compare the response with the reversible anaemia reported in man. Studies in male Wistar Hanover rats were also carried out. 3. CAPS was gavaged daily to mice at dose levels from 800 - 2000 mg/kg for seven days. Values were significantly reduced for reticulocytes at 1700 and 2000 mg/kg, and for erythrocytes (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), and haemoglobin (Hb) at 2000 mg/kg. Platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts were unaffected. 4. Mice were dosed with CAPS at 1400 mg/kg for 10 days and sampled at 1, 4 and 15 days after the last dose. At day 1 post dosing, RBC, HCT and Hb values were significantly reduced, but returned to normal (or above normal) by day 4 or 15. 5. CAPS from 2000 - 4000 mg/kg was gavaged to rats daily for 19 days. Hb values were significantly lower at 3600 and 4000 mg/kg; reticulocytes were not reduced. WBC and platelet counts, in general, were unaffected. 6. Levels of apoptosis in marrow mononuclear cells were increased in CAPS-treated mice, but not in CAPS-treated rats. Serum biochemistry parameters, in general, showed few changes of toxicological significance. 7. We conclude that the administration of CAPS to CD-1 mice induced haematological changes showing close parallels with the chloramphenicol-induced reversible anaemia seen in man.
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PMID:Haemotoxicity of chloramphenicol succinate in the CD-1 mouse and Wistar Hanover rat. 1052 71

A subset of 299 patients with homozygous sickle cell anaemia, enrolled in the cohort of the French Study Group on sickle cell disease (SCD), was investigated in this study. The majority of patients were children (mean age 10.1 +/- 5.8 yr) of first generation immigrants from Western and Central Africa, the others originated from the French West Indies (20.2%). We report the frequency of the main clinical events (mean follow-up 4.2 +/- 2.2 yr). The prevalence of meningitis-septicaemia and osteomyelitis was, respectively, 11.4% and 12% acute chest syndrome was observed in 134 patients (44.8%). Twenty patients (6.7%) developed stroke with peak prevalence at 10-15 yr of age. One hundred and seventy-two patients (58%) suffered from one or more painful sickle cell crises, while the others (42.5%) never suffered from pain. The overall frequency of acute anaemic episodes was 50.5%, (acute aplastic anaemia 46%; acute splenic sequestration 26%). A group of 27 patients were asymptomatic (follow-up > 3 yr). Epistatic mechanisms influencing SCD were studied. Coinherited alpha-thalassemia strongly reduced the risk of stroke (p <0.001) and increased that of painful crises (p < 0.02). There was a low prevalence of Senegal and Bantu (CAR) betas-chromosomes in patients with meningitis (p <0.04) and osteomyelitis (p < 0.03). Prevalence of Senegal betas-chromosomes was lower in the asymptomatic group of 27 patients (p < 0.02). The patients come from a population of unmixed immigrants in whom the beta-globin gene haplotype strongly reflects the geographic origin and identifies subgroups with a homogenous genetic background. Thus the observed effects might result more from differences in as yet unidentified determinants in the genetic background than from the direct linkage with differences in the beta-globin gene locus.
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PMID:Acute clinical events in 299 homozygous sickle cell patients living in France. French Study Group on Sickle Cell Disease. 1100 50

Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMP-SDZ) (Tribressin tablets 120 - 100 mg sulfadiazine, 20-mg trimethoprim [Coopers Animal Health, Inc., A Pitman-Moore Company, Mundelein, Ill.]) is a broad spectrum antibiotic combination effective in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, pyoderma, meningitis, and prostatitis.(1) In clinical trials in puppies and adult dogs, TMP-SDZ was considered safe at both the manufacturer's recommended dose (15 mg/kg, b.i.d., or 30 mg/kg, u.i.d., per os for < 14 days(2)) and at 10 times that dose for 20 dayS.(3) Many infections, however, require prolonged high-dose therapy for resolution. The following study describes two cases of aplastic anemia and sepsis associated with intermittent, chronic (17-25 days), high-dose (25-30 mg/kg, b.i.d., per os) TMP-SDZ therapy recommended for the treatment of pyoderma.(4-7)
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PMID:Aplastic anemia associated with prolonged high-dose trimethoprim-sulfadiazine administration in two dogs. 1266 95

We analyzed the records of 153 Guadeloupean children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), for whom clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected (mean follow-up duration 8.4 +/- 4.6 yr). Prevalence and age-specific frequencies of acute clinical events were determined and correlations between complications, hematological parameters and potential modulating factors investigated. Painful crisis and acute chest syndrome (ACS) were the two most common complications, affecting 65.4% and 58.8% of the patients, respectively. The frequency of acute anemia was 49.7% (acute splenic sequestration 24.8%; acute aplastic anemia 15.0%). Prevalences of septicemia-meningitis and osteomyelitis were 15.7% and 16.3%, respectively. A higher incidence of infections, painful crises and acute anemia was detected in patients who developed ACS. The well-documented protective effect of HbF level on the overall disease expression was observed with higher HbF level in asymptomatic than in symptomatic patients (17.5% +/- 8% vs. 9.9% +/- 6.4%, P = 0.01) with similar ages and sex ratio. It was also confirmed on ACS and, for the first time, further extended to acute anemic events and septicemia. Besides its effect on hematological parameters, alpha-thalassemia seems to have little impact on the prevalence of complications, as do beta(S)-globin haplotypes. Comparison with other series suggests that the natural history of SCA in Guadeloupe is more similar to that in Jamaica with regard to those reported in Europe and the United States, suggesting a potential impact of environmental factors on the clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:Sickle cell anemia in Guadeloupean children: pattern and prevalence of acute clinical events. 1645 94

Pseudomonas luteola which was previously known as Chryseomonas luteola; is a gram-negative, non-fermentative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is frequently found as a saprophyte in soil, water and other damp environments and is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with underlying medical disorders or with indwelling catheters. It has been reported as an uncommon cause of bacteremia, sepsis, septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, and peritonitis. Thus, early and accurate identification of this rare species is important for the treatment and also to provide information about the epidemiology of P.luteola infections. This report was aimed to draw attention to the accurate identification of P.luteola in clinical samples, upon the isolation and identification in two cases in the medical microbiology laboratory of a university hospital. In February 2011, a 66-year-old man, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease and aplastic anemia, was admitted to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea. A chest tube was inserted on the 20th day of admission by the reason of recurrent pleural effusion. Staphylococcus aureus and a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus (NFGNB) with wrinkled, sticky yellow colonies were isolated from the pleural fluid sample obtained on the 9th day following the insertion of the chest tube. In February 2012, a 7-year-old male cystic fibrosis patient who had no signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary exacerbation was admitted to the hospital for a routine control. This patient had chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus and his sputum sample obtained at this visit revealed isolation of P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus and a wrinkled, sticky yellow NFGNB. Both of these NFGNB were identified as P.luteola by the Phoenix automated microbial identification system (BD Diagnostics, USA). To evaluate the microbiological characteristics of these two isolates, the strains were further analysed by VITEK MS (bioMerieux, France) and Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Both of the MALDI-TOF-MS systems identified the isolates as P.luteola and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (ABI PRISM 3100, Applied Biosystems, USA) also confirmed the identification. The strains had wrinkled, sticky yellow colonies which were oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-fermentative. The Gram stained smears of the colonies revealed clusters of gram-negative bacilli probably embedded into a biofilm matrix. Since there are no accepted standards for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of P.luteola strains, the standards determined by CLSI for "other non-Enterobacteriaceae" (non-fermentative bacteria excluding P.aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia, B.mallei, B.pseudomallei and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were used for the susceptibility testing. Gradient MIC method (E-Test, bioMerieux, France) revealed that the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, colistin and levofloxacin. Accurate and prompt identification of P.luteola which is identified as a rare pathogen in serious cases is of critical importance since it has been suggested that this organism is likely to become more frequent as a nosocomial pathogen since the interventional processes increase in current medical practice. This report supported that Phoenix automated phenotypic identification system (BD Diagnostics, USA) and the two MALDI-TOF-MS based systems (VITEK MS and Bruker Microflex LT mass spectrometer) were successfull in the accurate identification of P.luteola.
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PMID:[Accurate diagnosis of Pseudomonas luteola in routine microbiology laboratory: on the occasion of two isolates]. 2812 68

In the general population, older age is associated with short leukocyte telomere length and with high risk of infections. In a recent study of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia, long donor leukocyte telomere length was associated with improved survival in the recipients. These findings suggest that leukocyte telomere length could possibly be a marker of immune competence. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with higher risk of infectious disease hospitalization and infection-related death. Relative peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 75,309 individuals from the general population and the individuals were followed for up to 23 years. During follow up, 9228 individuals were hospitalized with infections and infection-related death occurred in 1508 individuals. Shorter telomere length was associated with higher risk of any infection (hazard ratio 1.05 per standard deviation shorter leukocyte telomere length; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.07) and pneumonia (1.07; 1.03-1.10) after adjustment for conventional infectious disease risk factors. Corresponding hazard ratios for infection-related death were 1.10 (1.04-1.16) for any infection and 1.11 (1.04-1.19) for pneumonia. Telomere length was not associated with risk of skin infection, urinary tract infection, sepsis, diarrheal disease, endocarditis, meningitis or other infections. In conclusion, our findings indicate that leukocyte telomere length may be a marker of immune competence. Further studies are needed to determine whether risk of infections in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients can be reduced by considering donor leukocyte telomere length when selecting donors.
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PMID:Shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with higher risk of infections: a prospective study of 75,309 individuals from the general population. 2852 77

Introduction: Chloramphenicol (2,2-dichloro-N-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)porpan-2-yl]acetamide) is a bacteriostatic antibiotic of the phenicolated family, used in the past to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, or typhoid fever. Treatment with chloramphenicol can have life threatening side effects, the most serious of which is aplastic anemia, which may be fatal. For this reason, the antibiotic was removed from the French market in 2008.Case report: In this paper, the authors report the case of a woman consuming chloramphenicol possibly in the context of factitious disorder. After a capsule containing chloramphenicol was discovered in her hospital bed, a hair specimen (about 16 cm, brown, not oriented) was collected and sent to the toxicological laboratory in order to document exposure to chloramphenicol.Results: The drug was identified in the hair specimen of the subject at 13.7 ng/mg.Discussion: Identification of chloramphenicol in hair has not been reported in the literature. As consequence, the interpretation of the concentration, the dosage and the frequency of abuse are difficult to establish.Conclusion: Given the context, physicians considered the case as a possible factitious disorder, thus being a unique observation of using chloramphenicol in such a context.
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PMID:Identification of chloramphenicol in human hair leading to a diagnosis of factitious disorder. 3191 19


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