Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sisomicin, at 4.5 mg/kg per day, was prescribed for the therapy of serious bacterial infections of hospitalized infants, children, and adolescents. Eleven children received full treatment courses, with 10 clinical and 9 bacteriological cures. Three patients with underlying disease (two cystic fibrosis and one aplastic anemia) accounted for the failures. Mean half-life was 98.3 min (range, 26.1 to 159.3), and peak serum concentrations 10 min after intravenous infusion were similar (5 to 6 mug/ml) on days 1, 3, and 5 of therapy. Mean urinary concentrations were 54.3 mug/ml; 31 to 47% of the drug was excreted within the 8-h dosage interval. The drug was tolerated well by all patients; however, one patient, receiving the longest duration of therapy (26 days), developed reversible nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Clinico-pharmacological studies of sisomicin in ill children. 66 99

Ten immunosuppressed patients with right lower quadrant pain were examined by CT. Underlying conditions responsible for immunosuppression included acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 2), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), aplastic anemia (n = 2), AIDS (n = 3), and cystic fibrosis combined with prolonged steroid therapy for bronchospasm (n = 1). CT suggested the diagnosis of typhlitis (n = 7), intramural hemorrhage (n = 1), ileal perforation (n = 1), and appendiceal abscess (n = 1). The diagnosis of typhlitis was established by clinical evaluation in five patients, by colonoscopy in one patient, and by autopsy in another patient. The single cases of intestinal hemorrhage, ileal perforation, and appendiceal abscess were confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. It is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions in the immunosuppressed patient. Symptoms and physical findings are often suppressed as a result of steroid or immunosuppressive therapy. CT, being noninvasive, is useful in the evaluation of persistent right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient.
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PMID:Right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient: CT findings in 10 cases. 350 Jun 5

Within the last decade several advances in medicine have resulted in extended longevity of children with cancer, cystic fibrosis, certain congenital immunodeficiency disorders, chronic renal diseases and aplastic anemia. Forthwith, the population of such immunocompromised children has increased and accounts for a greater portion of the hospital census than heretofore. To avoid emotional, infectious and financial burdens of hospitalization, efforts have been successful in developing ambulatory outpatient programs within specialized centers. Although infection control policies have been reasonably well-established for the hospitalized inpatient, policies for the hospital outpatient are lacking. Investigations into the problems of "nosocomial outpatient infections" are needed. Accomplishments in recent years in the control of nosocomial infections include the development of preparations for passive immunization for varicella-zoster virus and hepatitis B virus exposures and the application of certain antibiotic regimens for prophylaxis. Currently a vaccine is under study for active immunization to varicella with possible efficacy for exposed susceptible persons. It is obvious that the proportion of children at increased risk for infection in the hospital environment will continue to increase.
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PMID:Nosocomial infections in immunocompromised children. 746 24

Leukemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal failure, cystic fibrosis, scoliosis, diabetes, and asthma. These are only a few of the many chronic diseases or handicapping conditions confronting children today. Little attention has been paid to children's emotional reactions to illness and hospitalization, important facets of the healing process. In the first part of this paper, children's characteristic emotional reactions to hospitalization are discussed within a developmental framework. Next, some of the emotional reactions elicited in hospital staff and parents by seriously ill children are discussed. It is hoped that an elucidation of the types of feelings hospitalized children experience, and the kinds of emotional responses they elicit in adult caretakers, can lead to more sensitive and effective child care-giving in hospital settings.
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PMID:Coping with feelings: seriously ill children, their families, and hospital staff. 1026 27

Pefloxacin (Abaktal) efficacy and safety were investigated at 21 children (7-16 years old) randomized in 2 groups: children with mucoviscidosis and children with aplastic anemia. The drug was used at the dose 15-20 mg/kg per day bid for 14-28 days. Pefloxacin was used in combination with ceftazidime and amikacin. Combined therapy demonstrated good clinical efficacy. Bacteriological efficacy was not uniform: staphylococci were not isolated from sputum since the 7th day of treatment, but pseudomonads were cultured even on the 14th day of the treatment (the sensitivity to pefloxacin remained). The only but frequent side-effect was arthropathy. The background and some peculiarities of arthropathy development were analyzed. This phenomenon is called quinolone-induced synovitis. The risk group for quinolone-induced synovitis was estimated--children elder than 10 years with allergic anamnesis. Good clinical efficacy and tolerability of pefloxacin at the children with mucoviscidosis or aplastic anemia is a reason and base to cancel the limits to its use in pediatrics.
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PMID:[Evaluation of tolerance and efficacy of pefloxacin in the treatment and prevention of severe infections in children with mucoviscidosis and aplastic anemia]. 1098 21

Comparative data on he postmortem morphological examination of the knee joint in children treated and not treated with ciprofloxacin while alive are presented. Nine children were ill with mucoviscidosis and 8 children were ill with aplastic anemia. The patients were ill with mucoviscidosis and 8 children were ill with aplastic anemia. The patients were treated with ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg body weight at the average for 148 days. The condition of the articular cartilage, growth area, spongy bone and synovial membrane of the knee joint was examined visually, histologically and morphologically. It was revealed that ciprofloxacin had no chondrotoxic effect. The structure affected in some cases by the ciprofloxacin treatment was the synovial membrane which developed subacute synovitis not clinically manifested (latent) in life. The phenomenon is explained.
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PMID:[Comparative morphological analysis of the articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, spongy bone, and synovial membrane of the knee joint in children treated and not treated with ciprofloxacin]. 1121 Mar 6

Comparative data on the content of fluorine in various sections of the left femur distal part, i.e. spongy bone, process zone and articular cartilage are presented. The examination was performed on postmortem sections from 10 pediatric cases (the average age of 9.5 years) with mucoviscidosis or aplastic anemia treated before the death for up to 12 months with ciprofloxacin in a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg body weight. The control postmortem sections were from 10 practically healthy children (the average age of 10.4 years) killed in a car accident. The sections were subjected to 2-stage dry ashing with ionometric determination of the fluorine ions. The results were treated according to the V.Yu. Urbach procedure. It was shown that the content of fluorine in the sponge bone and process zone in both the groups did not significantly differ. A comparatively high content of fluorine was detected only in the postmortem sections of the articular cartilage from the children of the main group who however had no chondrotoxic symptoms while alive. That means that the difference is statistically and clinically insignificant.
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PMID:[Fluorine level in the bone and cartilage in children treated with ciprofloxacin (data obtained from the femur distal part]. 1121 95

Results of prospective comparative investigation of monofluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin) arthropathy are presented. The trial was performed at 144 children with mucoviscidosis (aged 0.5-16) and at 37 children with aplastic anemia (aged 1.75-15). Two groups differ by necessary antibacterials regimes and hence by different abilities for arthropathy development: patients with mucoviscidosis were treated with fluoroquinolones followed by repeated short courses in combination with other antibacterials; patients with aplastic anemia--were treated permanently for a long time with low doses as monotherapy for autoinfection prophylaxis. Analysis was performed on the base of catamnesis, year growth rate, postmortal morphological investigation of the right knee joint. It was shown that quinolone arthropathy development didn't depend on treatment duration, as it developed during the first three weeks of the fluoroquinolone use, but depended on the drug, patient age and nosology. Arthropathy has favourable prognosis and was fully resolved at the period from 7 days to 3 month according to the arthropathy form (arthrologic, arthritic). Quinolones arthropathy at the children has specific features, the main one is absence of cartilage damage confirmed by morphological analysis.
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PMID:[On fluoroquinolones treatment safety in children (clinical, morphological and catamnesis data)]. 1261 15

Pseudomonas luteola which was previously known as Chryseomonas luteola; is a gram-negative, non-fermentative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is frequently found as a saprophyte in soil, water and other damp environments and is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with underlying medical disorders or with indwelling catheters. It has been reported as an uncommon cause of bacteremia, sepsis, septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, and peritonitis. Thus, early and accurate identification of this rare species is important for the treatment and also to provide information about the epidemiology of P.luteola infections. This report was aimed to draw attention to the accurate identification of P.luteola in clinical samples, upon the isolation and identification in two cases in the medical microbiology laboratory of a university hospital. In February 2011, a 66-year-old man, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease and aplastic anemia, was admitted to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea. A chest tube was inserted on the 20th day of admission by the reason of recurrent pleural effusion. Staphylococcus aureus and a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus (NFGNB) with wrinkled, sticky yellow colonies were isolated from the pleural fluid sample obtained on the 9th day following the insertion of the chest tube. In February 2012, a 7-year-old male cystic fibrosis patient who had no signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary exacerbation was admitted to the hospital for a routine control. This patient had chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus and his sputum sample obtained at this visit revealed isolation of P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus and a wrinkled, sticky yellow NFGNB. Both of these NFGNB were identified as P.luteola by the Phoenix automated microbial identification system (BD Diagnostics, USA). To evaluate the microbiological characteristics of these two isolates, the strains were further analysed by VITEK MS (bioMerieux, France) and Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Both of the MALDI-TOF-MS systems identified the isolates as P.luteola and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (ABI PRISM 3100, Applied Biosystems, USA) also confirmed the identification. The strains had wrinkled, sticky yellow colonies which were oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-fermentative. The Gram stained smears of the colonies revealed clusters of gram-negative bacilli probably embedded into a biofilm matrix. Since there are no accepted standards for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of P.luteola strains, the standards determined by CLSI for "other non-Enterobacteriaceae" (non-fermentative bacteria excluding P.aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia, B.mallei, B.pseudomallei and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were used for the susceptibility testing. Gradient MIC method (E-Test, bioMerieux, France) revealed that the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, colistin and levofloxacin. Accurate and prompt identification of P.luteola which is identified as a rare pathogen in serious cases is of critical importance since it has been suggested that this organism is likely to become more frequent as a nosocomial pathogen since the interventional processes increase in current medical practice. This report supported that Phoenix automated phenotypic identification system (BD Diagnostics, USA) and the two MALDI-TOF-MS based systems (VITEK MS and Bruker Microflex LT mass spectrometer) were successfull in the accurate identification of P.luteola.
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PMID:[Accurate diagnosis of Pseudomonas luteola in routine microbiology laboratory: on the occasion of two isolates]. 2812 68