Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002874 (aplastic anemia)
 5,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-four human long-term survivors after marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia or hematologic malignancy were studied for the presence of circulating nonspecific suppressor cells. Twenty-two of the patients were healthy and 22 had mild to moderately severe chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Patient mononuclear cells (of donor origin) were tested for their ability to suppress the responses of lymphocytes obtained from the respective marrow donors to alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and/or to concanavalin A (Con A). Tests were carried out between 199 and 2393 (median 376) days after transplantation. Cells from only 1 of 22 patients without chronic GVHD showed suppression of donor cell blastogeneis responses. In contrast, cells from 11 of 22 patients with chronic GVHD showed more than 30% suppression of donor cell responses in MLC and/or to Con A. The finding of suppressor cells was not related to the time of testing after grafting nor to immmunosuppressive therapy. Nonspecific suppressor activity was abrogated by irradiation with 1600 rads in vitro in five of six cases tested. Nonspecific suppressor cells may be one explanation for the severe combined immunodeficiency and the recurrent infectious complications characteristic of patients with chronic GVHD.
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PMID:Nonspecific suppressor cells in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease after marrow grafting. 3 62

Hyperferritinemia in various diseases, mainly hematological, was confirmed by immunological methods. For ferritin detection, anti-human placental ferritin antiserum, anti-human hepatic ferritin antiserum, and anti-human leukemia cell ferritin antiserum were used and the result was compared with each other. Leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and aplastic anemia are hematological diseases which showed a positive reaction in this test, among which leukemia showed the highest positivity. Cases of hepatic diseases and non-hematological malignant neoplasms also showed a positive reaction. The positivity was quite low and almost negligible in other diseases and healthy individuals. Anti-human placental ferritin antiserum seemed to be suitable for cancer diagnosis and, antihuman hepatic ferritin antiserum for hepatic diseases. The results of analysis of purified human hepatic and placental ferritins highly suggested the presence of immunological heterogeneities between them. Also, a possibility was pointed out that one of the components of the so-called leukemia-specific antigens might sometimes be the isoferritin of leukemia cells.
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PMID:Immunological heterogeneity in human ferritinemia. 6 5

Ten post-weanling 4-month-old cats, designated "tracers", were placed in a feline leukemia cluster household to determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). The tracer cats were confirmed as negative for prior exposure to FeLV. Following the placement in the leukemia cluster environment, the tracer cats were serologically monitored at intervals of 3-6 weeks for a total period of 1 year. The tests employed included the detection of FeLV using fixed-cell immunofluorescence and the detection and titration of antibody to : (1) the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA), as detected by membrane immunofluorescence; (2) viable FeLV, using serum neutralization; (3) virion core protein p30, using radioimmunoprecipitation; and (4) virion glycoprotein gp70, using radioimmunoprecipitation. All of the tracers had evidence of horizontal infection by FeLV, by several criteria. Seven of the 10 had virus that could be isolated from plasma. All of these 7 developed a terminal illness within 18 months; 3 developed aplastic anemia, 3 infectious peritonitis, and 1 lymphoma. The remaining 3 were negative for FeLV by both virus isolation and fixed-cell immunofluorescence. These 3 did, however, develop high antibody titers by all four criteria and they remained healthy throughout the examination period. These results clearly indicate that unprotected pros-weanling cats brought into a leukemia exposure household environment have a high risk of becoming infected with FeLV. Furthermore, a large proportion of the cats are at risk for development of persistent viremia and FeLV-related diseases.
Int J Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus under natural conditions in a feline leukemia cluster household. 18 73

Investigation of a family with cancer in boys revealed that at least 20 males had the X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. A variety of phenotypes occurred: aproliferative phenotypes consisted of aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia; and proliferative phenotypes of B cells included disorders associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, American Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells, fatal infectious mononucleosis or plasmacytoma. The lymphoproliferative disorders observed in males could have resulted from an immunodeficiency to Epstein-Barr virus. The variable phenotypic expression could have resulted from individual differences in the viral dose, duration of exposure and age at which the boys were exposed to the virus. Aproliferative phenotypes such as acquired hypogammaglobulinemia could have ensued from excessive suppressor-cell activity on B cells, whereas proliferative phenotypes such as Burkitt's lymphoma or fatal infectious mononucleosis could have resulted from infection by Epstein-Barr virus and failure to stop proliferation of B cells.
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PMID:Variable phenotypic expression of an X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. 19 60

An experimental model system is presented for the investigation in humans of the role of hematopoietic stromal elements in the regulation of hematopoiesis as well as in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis in myeloproliferative disorders. The model is based on the simultaneous application of three experimental techniques: (1) growth of bone-marrow derived fibroblastic colonies in vitro, (2) cytogenetic demonstration of marker chromosomes associated with hematopoietic malignancies, and (3) the transplantation of isolated stromal elements into athymic (nude) mice. Using this model, we describe the induction of mesenchymal tumors in nude mice by Ph1 negative fibroblasts obtained from the bone marrow of a patient with a Ph1 positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Mesenchymal tumors also were induced in nude mice with bone marrow-derived fibroblasts from a patient with aplastic anemia, who was successfully treated with bone marrow transplantation, and from a normal human volunteer. Morphologic, cytogenetic and electron microscopic studies of bone marrow mesenchymal elements in culture and of tumors induced in nude mice from the CML patient indicate the cells composing the tumor are of human origin and are negative for the Ph1 chromosome. The results provide the first in vivo morphological and cytogenetic support using human materials, of the hypothesized relationship of progenitors of in vitro fibroblastic colonies to marrow stromal elements.
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PMID:Production of mesenchymal tumors in nude mice by Ph1 negative fibroblasts obtained from a Ph 1 positive CML patient: a preliminary report. 27 72

In the short space of the last 10 years, marrow transplantation has become a reasonable treatment option for persons with severe aplastic anemia. It has not as yet convincingly established itself in the treatment of leukemia and other malignancies but shows promise with new approaches. Many of the immunologic problems generic to bone marrow transplantation have been identified, and solutions are actively being pursued in the clinic and at the laboratory bench. As solutions to some of the present-day obstacles to the full therapeutic potential of bone marrow transplantation are met, we should see, in the next 10 years, a wider application of this therapy to various hematologic and malignant disorders.
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation--present status. 37 28

One hundred consecutive patients with hemoglobin concentration less than 3.5 g/dL (hematocrit reading, less than 10%) were admitted to the University of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq, during a 30-month period. Twenty-eight patients had aplastic anemia, 27 had leukemia or other hemopoietic malignancies, 16 had chronic renal failure, eight had iron-deficiency anemia, eight had hemolytic anemia, seven had thalassemia major, and six had other conditions. Twenty-three patients died within seven days of admission, mostly due to the underlying disease or complications thereof. Heart failure developed in ten patients, and five had retinal exudates and hemorrhages attributed to severe anemia. Arrhythmias and ECG abnormalities were noted in 20 of 68 patients. Blood transfusion was instituted in all but three patients, whose anemia was corrected with specific therapy without blood transfusion. The tolerance of the 100 patients to such severe anemia was remarkable.
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PMID:Severe anemia. Clinical observations in 100 patients with very low hemoglobin levels. 47 23

Forty-two arteriovenous grafts were placed to provide vascular access in 40 patients with poor or sclerosed superficial veins. Thirty-nine patients had malignant disease and required chemotherapy, while one patient with aplastic anemia needed frequent transfusions. Thirty-two grafts were placed in the arm (27 straight and 5 loop), and ten in the leg (femoral-femoral loop). Thirty-seven shunts consisted of 6 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and five were 6 mm Dacron((R)). The straight brachial artery to axillary vein PTFE graft was preferred, while the PTFE femoral loop graft was a satisfactory alternative. The loop arm graft was associated with a high complication rate and is no longer used. Local anesthesia was employed in all cases except for a 3-year-old child. There was no operative mortality and no severe morbidity, despite subsequent myelosuppression by chemotherapeutic agents injected via these grafts. Thirty patients are alive, while ten died of their malignancy. Twenty-six grafts are functional and have been in place an average 4.4 months (range: 1 to 14 mo.). Acceptance by patients and particularly by personnel in the out-patient chemotherapy unit has been enthusiastic. Vascular access grafts can be inserted safely and provide a convenient route for drawing blood samples, and for administering chemotherapy and intermittent intravenous therapy in selected patients with neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Vascular access grafts for chemotherapy. Use in forty patients at M. D. Anderson Hospital. 50 72

Several forms of drug-induced anemia are discussed. Anemia resulting from toxic effects on the marrow may occur after large doses or long treatment courses of alkylating agents, the plant alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, and antibiotics used in cancer chemotherapy. A lesion of the stem cells in bone marrow is thought to be caused. Aplastic anemia has been produced by chloramphenicol in a small percentage of cases. This has led to its disuse except when no suitable alternative is available or where the mortality of the disease being treated is high. Some nonnarcotic analgesics, e.g., amidopyrine, have caused agranulocytosis. Gold injections have also been implicated. Insecticides or an inhaled agent such as benzine or a glue solvent may cause hypoplastic anemia. A list is given of drugs that have been reported as having caused aplastic anemia. Chromosomal changes have rarely been reported. An alleric mechanism is sometimes responsible for drug-induced aplastic anemia. There may be individual variations in ability to metabolize a drug. Treatment of drug-induced aplastic anemia requires transfusions. Bone marrow transplants have also been used. Antibiotic therapy is needed. Oral contraceptives may be of value if there is menorrhagia. Megaoloblastic anemia may be due to defective metabolism of folate. Anticonvulsant drugs may also cause megaloblastic anemia, especially primidone. Giving folic acid with these drugs may prevent this development. Oral contraceptives have been reported to cause folate depletion but megaloblastic anemia has not been shown to follow. Alimentary bleeding with peptic ulcer or following drug use may cause anemia. Sideroblastic anemia may be a congenital abnormality of iron metabolism or an acquired form induced by drugs or lead poisoning. Pyridoxine therapy is used. Drug-induced leukemia may follow use of radioactive compounds or may develop in patients with a drug-induced aplastic anemia.
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PMID:Drug-induced anaemias. 78 36

This report summarizes the experience with 25 patients who received a second marrow transplant. The marrow donor for the first transplant was an identical twin in four cases and a sibling matched at the major histocompatibility complex in 21 instances. The donor for the second transplant was the same as the first except for three patients whose second donor was another matched sibling. Nine patients with aplastic anemia rejected their first graft. Four of these patients were prepared for the second graft with a regimen of procarbazine and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by cyclophosphamide or total body irradiation and were successfully regrafted. One rejected the second graft, two died of septicemia and one is alive and well 10 months after the second graft. Twelve patients with hematologic malignancy had a recurrence of disease after the first transplant. Despite preparation for the second graft with a variety of intensive chemotherapeutic regimens, the five patients who did not succumb to infection showed an early recurrence of disease. Four patients with hematologic malignancy had a failure of the first graft for unknown reasons, possibly related to the administration of ATG or methotrexate. One patient prepared for the second graft with procarbazine and ATG showed evidence of engraftment but died of infection. Two out of three patients given no additional preparation were successfully grafted. One died of recurrent central nervous system leukemia after 18 months and one is alive and well 26 months after the second graft.
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PMID:Experience with second marrow transplants. 78 96


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