Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-five patients (35 females and 20 males) were studied by noninvasive means 3.5-8.6 years after isolated mitral valve replacement with Models 103 and 104 Beall prostheses. History and physical exams by three physicians, complete hemograms, SMA 18, iron excretion rates, and coagulation profiles were performed. Additionally, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, phonocardiograms, cardiac series, and high-speed cinefluorography of the prostheses were obtained. Valve wear was assessed by the disc/cage ratio measured from a "three-legged view" with magnification. At a mean duration of 5.85 years after operation, the entire group had a mean disc/cage ratio of operation, the entire group had a mean disc/cage ratio of 0.906 +/- 0.031 vs a normal value of 0.944 +/- 0.014. The group was mildly anemic and had a urinary iron loss that was 40 times normal. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration was more than five times normal. The coagulation profiles were abnormal with respect to the bleeding and stypven times, antiheparin activity, fibrin degradation products, and megathrombocyte index. These abnormalities were unrelated to sex, degree of valve wear, and history of thromboembolism. Males were less anemic and had higher urine iron losses than females. Nine patients with severe valve wear (disc/cage ratio less than or equal to 0.87) were significantly more anemic with large urine iron losses and had elevated total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and LDH concentrations (ninefold), when compared to nine patients with minimal wear (disc/cage ratio greater than or equal to 0.925). It is emphasized that the findings of a significant anemia, an LDH concentration greater than 1500 mU/ml, and a disc/cage ratio of less than 0.87 in a patient with an isolated Beall mitral valve prosthesis are indicators for the need to replace the prosthesis in the near future. Re-replacement is urged before significant clinical deterioration.
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PMID:Quantification of wear, hemolysis and coagulation deficits in patients with Beall mitral valves. 88 18

Young rhesus macaques housed in outdoor corn cribs and fed a commercially prepared primate diet became weak, depressed, were reluctant to move, and expressed locomotor abnormalities. Thirteen severely affected animals were hospitalized for evaluation. Physical examination disclosed swellings and instabilities involving the ends of long bones. Radiography confirmed physeal fractures in 11 of 13 animals. Affected bones included the distal femur, proximal humerus, distal tibia/fibula, and distal radius/ulna. Other, less obvious changes were noted on radiographs. Anemia was a consistent finding. Ascorbic acid deficiency was suspected and therapy was initiated that consisted of vitamin supplements, diet change, cage rest, and support bandages. Feed samples were submitted to a laboratory for analysis and were confirmed deficient in vitamin C. Follow-up radiographs showed large calcifying subperiosteal hematomas in epiphyseometaphyseal regions, consistent with a diagnosis of scurvy. Twelve of 13 animals recovered clinically. Subsequent radiographs documented improvement of initially severe angular deformities associated with displaced fractures.
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PMID:Skeletal lesions and anemia associated with ascorbic acid deficiency in juvenile rhesus macaques. 132 Jan 53

Seven strains of mice were closely observed during the development of amyloidosis in the absence of experimental manipulation except for alteration in group and cage sizes. Amyloid development was greatest in the strains showing the most evident effects of wounding from fighting activity. In groups fighting extensively, up to a 100% incidence of generalized amyloidosis was reached in submissive mice. Groups of female mice did not fight and only developed amyloidosis in association with infection. The occurrence of amyloidosis correlates with the chronic anemia and splenomegaly long known to attend submissive social standing within groups of male mice. Dominant mice were uniformly spared wounding, anemia, splenomegaly and amyloidosis as were singly caged mice. Amyloidosis appearing in the absence of experimental manipulation is a sequel of social submissiveness and consequent wounds.
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PMID:Social interaction and wounding in the genesis of "spontaneous" murine amyloidosis. 506 9

Esophagogastrostomy is a satisfactory method of restoring continuity of the esophagus with minimal long-term effects on growth and development. Anemia or reflux oesophagitis is not a complication of the operation provided the anastomosis is high in the thoracic cage, i.e., above the level of the aortic arch. Postural gastritis secondary to regurgitation of bile was not seen in our patients. The mortality of the operation is high (33%) but this is due to the small number of patients in whom it is indicated. This contrasts markedly with the results in adults where the mortality in large series has fallen to low levels (13%). Thus, esophagogastrostomy should retain a place in selected patients for the primary treatment of esophageal atresia and the high esophageal stricture.
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PMID:Observations on the role of esophagogastrostomy in infancy and childhood with particular reference to the long-term results and operative mortality. 738 64

Chronic anemia associated with cancer often causes poor quality of life and is often exacerbated by intensive treatment. In recent controlled trials, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) proved to be well tolerated and effective in amelioration and reduction of transfusion requirements of cancer-associated anemia. Double-blind placebo-controlled trials of rhEpo in patients undergoing allogenic, but not autologous, bone marrow transplantation showed significant acceleration of the reconstitution of erythropoiesis. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum erythropoietin levels of 100 mU/mL or greater and an increase in hemoglobin by at least 0.5 g/dL was a probable response; conversely, a serum ferritin level of 400 ng/mL or greater after 2 weeks indicated a poor response to rhEpo therapy. Further studies are needed to define patient populations in whom cost-effective rhEpo therapy is justified.
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PMID:Management of chemotherapy-induced anemia. 757 78

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) in patients with cancer-related anaemia. Thirty-six ambulatory patients who had malignant neoplasms and haemoglobin (Hb) values of < 11 g/dl (Pretoria is 1,310 m above sea level) entered the study. Patients with renal insufficiency or anaemia caused by bleeding or haemolysis, and patients with iron deficiency or megaloblastic anaemia, were not entered in the study. 22 IU/kg rh-EPO was given subcutaneously 3 times/week. The dose was escalated if Hb values did not rise after 4 weeks. All 36 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Side effects ascribed to rh-EPO were pain or discomfort at the site of injection (12 patients), heart palpitations (3 patients), skin rash (2 patients) and hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and myalgia in 1 patient each. Thirty of the 36 patients who entered the study were evaluable for response. There were 16 females and 14 males among the evaluable patients. Median age was 64.5 years. Response, defined as an increase of Hb of at least 2 g/dl or to 12.5 g/dl, for at least 1 month, was documented in 12 patients. This was accompanied by an improvement in performance status and occurred within 1 month in 5 of the 12 patients who responded. rh-EPO has a limited but measurable therapeutic value for patients with cancer-associated anaemia.
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PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of cancer-related anaemia. 797 Apr 93

The anemia of malignancy is common and is related to several etiologic factors, a major one being relative erythropoietin (Epo) deficiency. Blood transfusions, the traditional therapy, provides a quick solution but is associated with complications. This was the rationale for recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo) in the treatment of anemia of cancer. Over the past few years, about 20 publications have reported the results of rHuEpo in the treatment of cancer-associated anemia in more than 850 patients with a variety of malignancies. In general, more than half of the patients responded with a significant increase in their hemoglobin level, a decrease in blood transfusion requirements, and an improved performance status and quality of life. About 4 weeks are required till the onset of effect. The hormone is well tolerated with minimal adverse effects and subcutaneous injections appear to be the preferred method of administration. Additional studies will hopefully answer several questions including optimal dosage and duration of treatment, Epo resistance, and the possibility of predicting the response.
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PMID:Anemia of cancer: pathogenesis and treatment with recombinant erythropoietin. 900 54

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has now been approved for the treatment of renal anemia, anemia of prematurity, cancer-associated anemia, AIDS-associated anemia and as concomitant treatment for patients with or without autologous blood donation awaiting elective surgery. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview, based on the results of controlled studies, of the anticipated safety profile of rhEPO in various indications and to assess whether treatment with rhEPO influences the incidences of certain adverse events in these indications. The anticipated adverse events differ from indication to indication and generally reflect the corresponding underlying illness. With most indications, no relevant differences in the incidences of adverse events are observed between rhEPO and placebo-control/patients. Only in the rhEPO therapy of renal anemia is an increased incidence of hypertensive events observed in the rhEPO groups, a finding that is not reproduced with the other indications. The controlled studies forming the basis of this review provide no evidence of a relevant increase in the risk of thromboembolic events during rhEPO therapy. Overall, it may be stated that rhEPO treatment, where strictly indicated, is a safe form of therapy. As with any other treatment, the risk of side effects in certain predisposed patients must also be weighed against the desired clinical benefits.
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PMID:The safety of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in clinical use: a review of controlled studies. 985 32

Erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are currently licensed for use in cancer patients and play a significant role in the management of anemia and neutropenia following myeloblative chemotherapy. EPO was the first recombinant hematopoietic growth factor to be used clinically after a number of clinical trials which demonstrated its effectiveness in treating mild to moderate cancer-associated anemia with or without concomitant chemotherapy (particulary cisplatin). An extensive research has been made for the improvement of the quality of life with EPO therapy, however, when formally assessed, variable effects of this important treatment have been observed. Recently, EPO has been shown to significantly accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) resulting in reduced infection rates. Both, G-CSF and GM-CSF have been shown, in numerous trials, to shorten the period of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, with reduction in attendant morbidity and to mobilize PBSC. In addition, administration of both cytokines after PBSCT significantly reduced the use of antibiotics and duration of hospitalization suggesting an economic benefit. The narrower therapeutic window of GM-CSF at higher doses accounts for the fact that it is used much less frequently than G-CSF. To date, none of the growth factors used clinically has been shown to stimulate thrombopoiesis. Although thrombopoietin (TPO) has been found to induce megakaryocyte differentiation in vitro, it is unlikely to enter routine clinical use for treatment of post-chemotherapy thrombocytopenia, since results of clinical trials are not very encouraging, mainly because TPO is difficult to schedule and platelet aggregation may occur. Recently, innovative chimeric growth factor receptor agonists have been synthesized. Synthokine (SC-55494) (a high-affinity human IL-3 receptor ligand analog), myelopoietin (MPO) (activates human IL-3 and G-CSF receptors) and promegapoietin (PMP) (stimulates the human IL-3 and c-mpl receptors) were found to be multilineage hematopoietic growth factors and are currently undergoing clinical trials. Preliminary results suggest that these compounds may have a major impact on the management of myeloablative chemotherapy because of their ability to enhance platelet recovery in addition to their neutrophil restorative activity.
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PMID:Human hematopoietic growth factors: old lessons and new perspectives. 1132 88

Neoheterobothrium hirame is a large, blood-feeding gill-worm infecting the highly prized olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Japan. There is strong evidence that this worm is the primary cause of anaemia, a common and serious condition causing losses among both wild and cultured olive flounders. N. hirame was first detected in Japanese waters less than a decade ago, and its population then proliferated and spread throughout most of Japan, except Hokkaido. In neighbouring Korea, olive flounder is the most important species of cultured marine fish, and production currently exceeds that in Japan. However, until now, there have been no reports of any monogeneans or anaemia among olive flounders in Korea. Our survey conducted in 2000 of 100 cultured individuals from 4 provinces revealed 2 immature specimens of N. hirame: 1 from a land-based pond-culture system in southern Cheju Island (off the SW coast of Korea) and the other from a floating net cage near Yosu (in the mid-S part of the peninsula). The geographic range of this pathogen may have been enlarged as a result of introduction(s) of infected broodstock from Japan, but this seems unlikely. (The raising of this species in hatcheries developed in Korea in 1985, 7 years before the earliest detection of the worm in Japan.) Low numbers of flounders were also clearly anaemic. This, and the current rarity of N. hirame in Korean farms, appears to favour the hypothesis of a more recent, natural dispersal of the worm, during migrations of infected flounder across the narrow and shallow Tsushima and Korea Straits. Regardless of route of entry, we expect this pathogen will have an impact on Korean flounder fisheries equally serious to that being experienced in Japan.
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PMID:Spread of Neoheterobothrium hirame (Monogenea), a serious pest of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, to Korea. 1155 30


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