Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemodilution decreases blood viscosity and circulatory input impedance and thus reduces afterload. Its use in treatment of LV power failure has been advocated, but the safe limits of isovolemic hemodilution are not known. Compensation of the reduced O2-capacity of the blood was therefore studied with normal and impaired coronary reserve. In 20 dogs the LAD was stenosed to a degree just not affecting the supplied region and central and coronary hemodynamics were studied. Regional myocardial function was assessed by ultrasound transit time between transducers implanted in the LV wall. Lowering the hematocrit to 15% by isovolumic exchange of blood for Dextran 60 increased CVP (18%), PAP (47%), LAP (64%), LVedP (46%), CO (67%), and flow to the intact area (LCA: 211%). Flow in the stenosed LAD increased slightly. Enddiastolic length (EDL) of LAD dependent muscle segments rose to 120% and their contraction amplitude deltaL was decreased by 46%. Whereas non-ischemic segments showed compensatory rise in deltaL (38%) at almost constant EDL (+9%). After release of the LAD stenosis EDL and deltaL returned to normal. During progressive anemia myocardial O2-demand is not adequately met if coronary reserve capacity is depleted. Reversion of hypokinesia after removal of the stenosis shows unimpaired myocardial function at a hematocrit as low as 15% provided the coronary circulation is intact.
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PMID:The effect of hemodilution on regional myocardial function in the presence of coronary stenosis. 90 78

A description is given of an outbreak of equine infectious anaemia (E.I.A.) in Campania [at Naples and Aversa (Caserta)]; it was diagnosed by clinical, pathological and serological examinations (Coggins test). Using the serum of 45 horses with E.I.A. and 11 healthy horses (controls), numerous investigations were carried out on: enzymes, intrinsic coagulation factors, lipids and other substances. The results obtained were very interesting and show that in this disease there are significant increases in many enzymes (LDH, LAP, gamma-GT, CPK, PK and ALD) and copper. Insignificant increases were found in other enzymes (SDH, GLDH, MDH, ICDH, AIP, lysozyme, cholinesterase, GOT and GPT) and also intrinsic coagulation factors, lipid substances (total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides) and glucose. LDH-1-isoenzyme remains unchanged, whilst AcP decreases slightly.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on equine infectious anaemia. 101 May 2

Leukocytosis, mild anemia, thrombocytosis, and panhyperplasia in the marrow characterize the early stages of most of the CMPD, whereas extramedullary hematopoiesis (such as in the spleen or liver), peripheral cytopenias (anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia), and myelofibrosis, with or without osteosclerosis, reflect the changes seen in the later stages. Transitions among the different CMPD and termination in acute leukemia or marrow failure also are common. CML often is characterized by leukocytosis and the presence of the entire spectrum of granulocytes (mature and immature) in the blood and marrow, reduced LAP, hypercellularity with prominent granulocytic hyperplasia in the marrow, Ph chromosome, and bcr-abl gene rearrangement. Typical features of AMM include leukoerythroblastosis, teardrop poikilocytosis, anemia, increased or normal LAP, prominent megakaryocytic hyperplasia in the marrow, dyshematopoiesis, and hyperplastic or fibrotic/sclerotic marrow.
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PMID:Myeloproliferative disorders. Classification and diagnostic features with special emphasis on chronic myelogenous leukemia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. 227 76

The marmoset, a small non-human primate, has rarely been used in toxicological studies. A short-term toxicity study was performed on common marmosets (BW = 330 +/- 32 g). Fifteen male marmosets received oral administration of DAB at a dose level of 56 mg/kg/day and 4 control animals received corn oil alone for a period of 15 days. Hematological, biochemical, histopathological and bone marrow examinations were carried out on the 5th, 10th and 15th day of treatment. Body weight decreased continuously and two animals died on day 10. Decreases in RBC, Hb and Ht and increases in MCV and WBC were observed. Uric acid and glucose were increased and AlP and LAP were decreased. Aldolase, GOT and GPT were increased by day 10, and thereafter recovery of aldolase to the control level and decreases of GOT and GPT were observed. Relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal were increased. Histologically, C-cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and slight changes of the liver were noted. Marrow total cell counts were not changed, but the G/E ratio was reduced. Thus, macrocytic anemia, an increase of marrow erythroblasts due to anemia and changes of biochemical parameters indicating liver injury were observed in marmosets; these findings were similar to those in rats in the previous experiments.
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PMID:Short-term toxicity study of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in marmosets. 310 51

A clinicopathological study was carried out to address the currently still controversial issues of: 1) thrombocythaemias in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs); 2) Initial, prefibrotic idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF); 3) discrimination of spurious polycythaemic states or polyglobuly (PG) from polycythaemia vera (PV); 4) unclassifiable MPDs. Based on a synoptical approach which implicates a comparative evaluation of laboratory data and histopathology of the bone marrow, the discriminating efficiency of both diagnostic tools has been emphasized. An elaborate evaluation of histotopography and cytological appearance of megakaryopoiesis is an invaluable aid to distinguish the different subtypes of MPDs which may eventually present with a significant elevation of the platelet count. Prefibrotic IMF is not only associated with a certain set of clinical symptoms (minimal to slight anaemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytosis), but should also be characterized by specific alterations of bone marrow morphology. Moreover, follow-up studies are in keeping with the finding that these patients evolve into typical IMF regarding laboratory parameters and ensuing myelofibrosis. Smokers polycythaemia--PG may be separated from early PV by the significant raise in the red cell mass and also by a few, easily determinable clinical parameters (i.e. EPO level, thrombocytosis, LAP). Both conditions can be distinguished by regarding bone marrow features (megakaryopoiesis, interstitial changes) which exert a distinctive impact. According to our experience the majority of patients categorized as unclassifiable MPDs include cases in which clinical or morphological data are inadequate to permit a more precise diagnosis. Only in a small proportion not a failing methodology, but initial stages of the disease process requires sequential examinations to reach a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinicopathology and histochemistry on bone marrow biopsies in chronic myeloproliferative disorders--a clue to diagnosis and classification. 1131 59

Diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia (ET) has been usually established by regarding the criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Accordingly, a retrospective clinicopathological study was performed on 120 patients with a follow-up ranging between 5 and 13 years and repeated bone marrow trephine examinations. Following the new WHO classification, at presentation patients revealed three distinctive patterns of bone marrow (BM) features: (true) ET in 43 patients, prefibrotic idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) in 50 patients, and early IMF in 27 patients. Heterogeneity of morphological features was associated with correspondingly expressed laboratory data. Contrasting initial and early IMF, patients with true ET displayed an about 80% probability to lack splenomegaly, anemia, and increase in the LDH and LAP values and also failed to show any myeloblasts or erythroblasts on the peripheral blood films. Follow-up examinations including sequential BM biopsies (mean interval 39 +/- 31 months) disclosed that of the 43 patients with true ET only one developed an increase in reticulin. On the other hand, 65 of 77 patients with prefibrotic and early IMF evolved into overt myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis. Moreover, survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in our patients. A neglectable proportion of life loss according to a sex- and age-matched general population was found in true ET (less than 11%) opposed to IMF without or mild fibrosis (range 21% to 32%).
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PMID:Follow-up examinations including sequential bone marrow biopsies in essential thrombocythemia (ET): a retrospective clinicopathological study of 120 patients. 1221 Aug 9