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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of giant cell arteritis involving the aorta and several large arteries identified by integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) obtained in a patient with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). A 63-year-old man with anemia and a high ESR noted on a regular medical examination was transferred to our department. The patient complained of only a low-grade general weakness for several months; there were no specific symptoms or signs. A PET was recommended. The image showed strong (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake at the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, thoraco-lumbar aorta, brachial artery, and the carotid artery wall, bilaterally. Suspicious for large-vessel vasculitis, a temporal artery biopsy was performed, which confirmed giant cell arteritis. After treatment with prednisolone, the high ESR and anemia resolved, and (18)F-FDG uptake decreased on follow-up integrated PET/CT.
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PMID:A case of silent giant cell arteritis involving the entire aorta, carotid artery and brachial artery screened by integrated PET/CT. 1734 46

We observed a 42-year-old woman presenting with severe dysphagia secondary to paralysis of the lower cranial nerves and right phrenic nerve involvement, followed by respiratory failure. An EMG confirmed bilateral denervation of the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th cranial nerves and right phrenic nerve. Videolaryngoscopy showed bilateral vocal fold immobility. Anemia, elevated ESR, microhematuria and C-ANCA (PR-3) antibodies were detected. Brain MRI and CSF were normal. A chest CT showed bilateral, irregular pulmonary lesions. An 18F-FDG total body scan showed diffuse hypermetabolic regions in both pulmonary bases, in the mediastinic region and in the rhinopharynx, raising the suspicion of a neoplastic process. A transthoracic biopsy disclosed nodular granulomatous aggregates with multinucleated giant cells, supporting the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. Immunosuppressive therapy achieved complete clinical resolution and cleared the pulmonary lesions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with neurogenic dysphagia due to lower cranial nerve palsy.
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PMID:Severe dysphagia in lower cranial nerve involvement as the initial symptom of Wegener's granulomatosis. 1765 54

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) accounts for 20% to 30% of childhood RMS and is associated with a prognosis worse than embryonal RMS. Disseminated RMS can present with extensive bone marrow involvement. Assessing the extent of the tumor is critical, because therapy and prognosis depend on the degree to which the mass has spread beyond the primary site. The value of F-18 FDG PET in patients with RMS has been reported in some series but none specifically involving bone marrow. Children have a highly cellular hematopoietic bone marrow and differentiation of a highly cellular marrow from neoplastic infiltration may be difficult. Various other conditions associated with diffuse FDG uptake in the bone marrow include marrow hyperplasia resulting from hemolytic/iron-deficiency/blood-loss anemia, after chemotherapy with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant erythropoietin treatment, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and myelodysplasia. It is therefore important to consider the above differential diagnoses in mind when evaluating cases of unexpected marrow uptake in F-18 FDG PET studies. We report here a case of RMS with diffuse bone marrow involvement detected on F-18 FDG PET wherein FDG PET was useful in determining the true extent (primary and metastases) of RMS before definitive therapy and the valuable adjunct role it has with structural imaging in management.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma with widespread bone marrow infiltration: beneficial management role of F-18 FDG PET. 1788 59

Relationship between haemoglobin levels and tumour oxygenation has been already reported. The purpose of this work was to compare in human malignant glioma-bearing mice the sensitivity of two well established techniques of tumour hypoxia assessment, especially their ability to detect expected weak variations of tumour oxygenation status associated to haemoglobin level modifications. The relationship between tumour hypoxia and glucose metabolism was also investigated. Experiments were performed on a human malignant glioma (GBM Nan1) xenografted into nude mice. Twenty-four hours after tumour implantation, animals were randomized into three groups: 'Anaemia' for mice subjected to repeated blood samplings, 'Control', and 'rHuEPO' for mice receiving recombinant human erythropoietin. Once the tumours reached a volume of 300+/-100 mm(3), tumour hypoxia was assessed both using the pO(2)-Histograph, Eppendorftrade mark and the pimonidazole binding assay. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by (18)F-FDG autoradiography and compared with the pimonidazole binding distribution pattern. Repeated blood samplings significantly reduced mean haemoglobin levels (10.9+/-2.0 g/dl), inducing chronic anaemia in mice, while daily administration of rHuEPO led to increase of haemoglobin levels (15.8+/-2.0 g/dl). Oxygenation status evaluated by a microelectrode was worsened in anaemic mice (mean pO(2) in tumour = 6.9+/-0.8 mmHg) and improved in rHuEPO-treated animals (mean pO(2)in tumour = 11.4+/-1.2 mmHg). No correlation was observed between the oxygen-sensitive probe and pimonidazole labelling results: both techniques give different but complementary information about tumour hypoxia. Areas of high pimonidazole binding and areas of high (18)F-FDG uptake superimposed well. Present results confirm that modification of haemoglobin levels leads to alteration of tumour oxygenation status. These variations were detectable using the oxygen-sensitive electrode but not the pimonidazole binding assay. The strong correlation between pimonidazole labelling and (18)F-FDG uptake suggests a positive relationship between hypoxia and increased glucose metabolism in this tumour model.
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PMID:Measurement of hypoxia using invasive oxygen-sensitive electrode, pimonidazole binding and 18F-FDG uptake in anaemic or erythropoietin-treated mice bearing human glioma xenografts. 1809 44

A 70-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with high fever about 5 days before this writing, along with anemia and hyperglycemia. Upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopy revealed type 1 gastric cancer in the greater curvature. CT and MRI showed multiple liver metastasis in the right lobe. Distal partial gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy and cannulation of hepatic artery was performed. The pathological findings revealed moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, T2, N0, H1, M0, stage IV. The postoperative chemotherapy with S-1 (80 mg/day) was administered for 4 weeks followed by 1 week rest and CDDP (50 mg) administered once every 4 weeks by arterial infusion. Two months after operation the tumor marker values have become normal, and CT can hardly detect the metastatic liver tumors. At 8 months after operation, CT and MRI revealed complete disappearance of these tumors. Then, 12 months after operation, FDG-PET revealed no accumulation. Now, at 18 months, the CR stage has been maintained. Combined use of peroral S-1 and CDDP by arterial infusion is effective for multiple liver metastasis after gastrectomy in gastric cancer.
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PMID:[A case of complete response treated by gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy and combined chemotherapy of peroral S-1 and CDDP by arterial infusion for gastric cancer with multiple liver metastasis]. 1834 5

Multicentric Castleman[']s disease (MCD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that presents with fevers, anaemia and multifocal lymphadenopathy and nowadays is most commonly diagnosed in individuals infected with HIV-1. CT scan findings are not sufficiently reliable to establish a diagnosis of MCD which requires histological confirmation. Newer imaging techniques have therefore been studied in patients with HIV-associated MCD in an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy. Preliminary findings suggest that FDG PET-CT may assist in the monitoring of disease activity in MCD along with familiar clinical and laboratory tools and the more recently introduced plasma HHV8 DNA viral load measurement.
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PMID:Imaging in multicentric Castleman's disease. 1903 98

We report the case of a 74-year-old man with metastatic melanoma of the small bowel. Melanoma metastasizing to the small bowel is a rare but well described presentation of the disease, detected clinically in only 2% to 5% of these patients. Its presentation is similar to other gastrointestinal tract tumors, with symptoms of abdominal pain or anemia prevailing. Recent studies have implicated the chemokine receptor CCR9 and its ligand CCL25 as signals that allow malignant melanoma cells to preferentially metastasize to the small bowel. Common imaging modalities used to detect these small bowel lesions include contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans and upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow-through. Given the low sensitivity of these modalities, newer helical CT scanners, 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/CT, and capsule endoscopy are now being recommended to replace the older imaging techniques. Current treatment modalities include surgical resection, which has been shown to increase overall survival, and adjuvant immunotherapy, whose efficacy is currently being questioned. A review of the current literature describing this rare occurrence is included to compare with our patient's presentation, diagnosis, and management.
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PMID:A patient with metastatic melanoma of the small bowel. 1928 29

A 76-year-old man presented with fever of unknown origin and renal dysfunction. Laboratory examination revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, and elevations of C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, creatinine and ferritin. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging showed FDG accumulation in the renal cortex and spleen. Based on the imaging study, renal biopsy was performed and histological diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) was made. Renal impairment due to IVLBCL is uncommon and is often difficult to diagnose early. FDG-PET/CT may be a useful tool for the early diagnosis of IVLBCL.
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PMID:[Usefulness of FDG-PET/CT for the diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma presenting with fever of unknown origin and renal dysfunction]. 1957 11

For the patients under long-term tube feeding, copper deficiency is known to be a cause of neutropenia and/or anemia. It is recognized as reversible myelodysplasia, since the condition improves by giving a copper supplementation. Myelodysplasia caused by copper deficiency is difficult to be diagnosed because it is not so common, and often it takes a long time to reach correct diagnosis. We reported usefulness of FDG-PET for the diagnosis of myelodysplasia caused by copper deficiency in early stage. The case was 46 y.o. male patient in vegetative state for 2 years after traumatic brain injury. Laboratory examination revealed slight leukopenia. PET/CT demonstrated high and diffuse FDG accumulation mainly in the vertebral bone marrow. Based on the lower levels of serum copper and ceruloprasmin, the patient was diagnosed as copper deficiency. After treatment of copper supplementation, FDG accumulation of the bone marrow disappeared, and the serum copper level has normalized. From the FDG-PET findings, even in the early stage of copper deficiency, high glucose metabolism of bone marrow was shown.
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PMID:[Usefulness of FDG-PET for the diagnosis of copper deficiency at an early stage: a case report]. 1959 8

A 72-year-old man presented to our hospital with fatigue and anemia. Chest CT showed multiple nodular shadows. We first suspected lung cancer and multiple metastatic lesions because some nodules had spiculation. However, PET-CT revealed the small intestine, thyroid and rib as well as these nodules to be positive for FDG uptake, suggesting malignant lymphoma and lung involvement. For diagnosis, lung biopsy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed. Pathologic examination of the lung biopsy specimen showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We diagnosed secondary pulmonary malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[A case of secondary pulmonary malignant lymphoma with multiple pulmonary nodules and spiculation]. 2217 94


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