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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After a chronic phase, the average duration of which in this series was 38 months, the acute phase of myeloid leukemia was very short, not exceeding 7 months. The clinical signs which suggest an acute exacerbation are, in order of importance, increase in the volume of the spleen, changes in general health, fever. The blood signs, which are often found later than the clinical signs, are increased white cell count, anemia and marrow leukoblastosis higher than 20%. The laboratory criteria of acute exacerbation are of lesser importance. Chemotherapy gives very poor results at this stage.
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PMID:[Acute transformation in 45 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia]. 17 89

The data on 31 patients who fit into the clinical spectrum of subacute myeloid leukemia have been reviewed. The majority of patients were male with a median age of 61 years. The interval from onset of symptoms to actual diagnosis was extremely variable, with a mean of 16 months and a median of six months. Most patients presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia, although the white blood cell count varied from striking leukopenia to marked leukocytosis. Examination of the bone marrow invariably revealed abnormalities of all cell lines with megaloblastoid erythrogenesis and dysplastic megakaryocytopoiesis. Although the white cell line showed prominence of immature forms, there was more maturation than is seen in acute myeloid leukemia. Survival from diagnosis was variable, from less than one month to greater than 68 months, with a median of only six months. Anemia and hepatosplenomegaly were prognosticators of a poor outlook; patients with hepatosplenomegaly in association with either leukocytosis or thrombocytopenia had a particularly poor outlook, with a median survival of only one and a half months. Approximately half the patients received chemotherapy with no demonstrated effect on survival.
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PMID:Subacute myeloid leukemia: a clinical review. 28 73

We have reviewed the clinical presentation of pneumonia to the Goroka paediatric ward. In comparison to survivors, children dying from pneumonia more often (p less than 0.05) had malnutrition (weight-for-age under 80%), anaemia (haemoglobin under 9g%), and a marked leucocytosis (total white cell count over 30,000 cells per c.m.m.). Children dying from pneumonia had been ill for longer and had been given more antibiotics prior to admission. There was no significant difference between children dying from pneumonia and survivors in age distribution, pulse rate, incidence of cardiac failure or duration of stay in hospital. 70% of the children dying from pneumonia at Goroka Hospital are infants under 12 months of age. Pneumococcal vaccine gives a poor antibody response in infants, and overseas studies using lung aspiration suggest that Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus might be causative organisms as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae. A study to determine the aetiology of pneumonia in Highlands children is required to enable a rational choice of routine antibiotic therapy and to plan further research on vaccination against pneumonia.
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PMID:Childhood pneumonia at Goroka Hospital. 29 32

Calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense TREU 112 had, at the onset of anemia, a very low total white cell count and neutropenia but with chronicity there was lymphocytosis. Infected calves had a marked reduction in granulocyte mobilization for the first 14 weeks of infection and there was reduced ability to mount an inflammatory response during the onset of anemia. Bone marrow aspiration biopsies showed marked erythroid hyperplasia in response to the anemia with a relative and likely absolute reduction in myeloid precursors and marrow granulocyte reserves.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of Trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. III. Neutropenia and myeloid response. 38 Jan 20

Considerable evidence suggests that insufficient EP production and the presence of a toxic factor inhibiting erythropoiesis are two major factors responsible for the production of anemia in patients with CRF. The toxic factor can be detected in a number of tissue culture systems. In order to evaluate its mechanism of action in a proliferation-dependent system, we studied the formation of erythroid colonies in plasma clots containing normal serum and CRF serum, using normal mouse marrow cells as the target organ. Fewer colonies were found in cultures containing uremic serum. This effect was greater as the concentration of serum was increased. No differences were found in the size or morphology of colonies formed. Addition of urea and creatinine to normal sera did not affect their ability to support colony growth. Uremic sera had no effect on white cell colony growth in the plasma clot system. We conclude that materials inhibitory to erythroid proliferation are present in CRF serum.
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PMID:The effect of serum from patients with chronic renal failure on erythroid colony growth in vitro. 68 22

Since macrocytosis was observed in a high percentage of our renal transplant patients, a follow-up study was carried out on 36 patients with determination of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). These parameters were determined monthly for periods of up to two years (16 cases) following transplantation. There was a rise in both MCV and MCH within one month. Macrooperative MCHC, however, remained normal. Anaemia was absent or mild. The bone marrow showed striking megaloblastic changes with nuclear-cytoplasmatic dissociation in both red and white cell precursors. Vitamin B 12 absorption tests were normal in all 8 patients investigated. Macrocytosis was not detectable in two patients with a low serum iron concentration. Macrocytosis disappeared in 4 patients with chronic rejection when progressive renal failure developed. It is concluded that azathioprine therapy induces macrocytosis in renal transplant patients provided renal function is satisfactory.
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PMID:[Macrocytosis in renal transplant patients (author's transl)]. 79 85

Splenectomy was performed in 7 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment who had disabling anemia. All patients had a short 51Cr red cell survival time and an increased splenic uptake of red cells verified by external counting and computer-aided scintigraphy. The need for blood-transfusions was eliminated in all except one. In all patients the hemoglobin concentration rose after splenectomy. This was probably an effect of a reduced plasma volume and the removal of a large pool of non-circulating red cells. No consistent changes in the red blood cell survival time or the red cell volume were observed. The white cell and the platelet counts in the blood rose to twice the preoperative value. No adverse effect of the splenectomy was observed.
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PMID:Effect of splenectomy on anemia in patients on regular dialysis treatment. 127 33

The usual first-line treatment for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness is melarsoprol, but when that fails the outlook has hitherto been grim. The polyamine synthesis inhibitor eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine, DFMO) has emerged as an alternative therapy. 207 patients with late-stage T b gambiense sleeping sickness were treated in rural Zaire with three different regimens of DFMO in an open-trial design. During treatment, trypanosomes disappeared from the CSF of all 87 patients in whom parasites had been seen before DFMO administration, and there was a sharp fall in CSF white cell count from a mean of 186/microliters to 21/microliters. 152 patients have been followed for at least a year after DFMO treatment, and only 13 (9%) have relapsed. Treatment failures were more common in children less than 12 years, among patients treated with oral DFMO only, and among patients who received DFMO as the initial treatment of their recently diagnosed trypanosomiasis. Toxicity was acceptable. Only 4 patients died during or shortly after treatment. Bone marrow suppression resulting in anaemia (43%) or leucopenia (53%) was common but bore little consequence. This open trial shows that DFMO is as active as and possibly less toxic than melarsoprol. For economic and logistic reasons DFMO may not be the first-choice therapy in rural Africa but for the vast majority of patients who relapse after melarsoprol DFMO will be curative.
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PMID:Efficacy and toxicity of eflornithine for treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. 135 19

A retrospective analysis of the clinical and haematological characteristics of patients diagnosed as having juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia between 1971 and 1986 was carried out. Thirty-three children were identified who were between the ages of 18 weeks and 8.8 years at diagnosis. The disease was more frequent in boys than girls (23:10). The most common presenting symptoms were skin rash (58%) and bleeding manifestations (45%). All patients had some degree of splenomegaly and in 88% this was more than 3 centimetres below the costal margin. Hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy were also frequent findings. Anaemia was common and leucocytosis an invariable finding with a white cell count above 50 x 10(9) 1-1 in 42%. Monocytosis was found in 78%. Haemoglobin F measurements were available in 31 children and above 10% in 22 (67%). No child had the Philadelphia chromosome or monosomy 7. Thirty children were treated with chemotherapy, with a variable degree of symptomatic improvement. Twenty-nine patients had died with a median survival time of 5 months. The commonest cause of death was complications of bone marrow failure and no child developed acute leukaemia. Presenting characteristics associated with a longer survival period were age less than 6 months (P = 0.02), female sex (P = 0.02), HbF less than 10% (P = 0.0004) and the absence of bleeding manifestations (P = 0.03). We conclude that the prognosis for children aged over 6 months, with a raised HbF level is very poor, and that, in the absence of possible bone marrow transplantation, consideration should be given to novel treatment approaches for these patients.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 138 Feb 83

The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) studied the response rate and toxicity of piroxantrone (150 mg/m2 q 21 days) in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among 32 eligible patients, there were no partial nor complete responses. There were two mixed responses. Significant white cell toxicity, anemia, nausea, and vomiting were observed. Mild or moderate degrees of fever, malaise, and stomatitis occurred. No significant cardiac toxicity was noted. Piroxantrone does not have significant activity as a single agent in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of piroxantrone in renal cell carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group Study. 150 Feb 67


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