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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty gravidae in whom the serum zinc concentration was less than 11.5 mumol/1 were investigated. Haemoglobin, serum vitamin B-12, serum folate, serum copper, and bone marrow smears were assessed. Thirteen showed haemoglobin concentrations below 110 g/1 and in 7 of them the cause of this anaemia was not found. Histological investigations indicated increased intramedullary cell destruction. Eight women selected at random were referred for further investigation including tests of renal and hepatic function, serum protein analyses, tests of haemolysis, and estimation of zinc and oestriol excretion in urine. The low serum zinc concentrations received no probable explanation other than zinc deficiency. Seven gravidae were treated with 90 mg Zn2+ daily as zinc sulphate by mouth during the latter part of pregnancy. Zinc excretion in urine was low and increased significantly (p less than 0.005) after one week's therapy. The serum zinc also increased (p less than 0.05). Zinc therapy gave no reticulocytosis within 8-12 days. Three women reported spontaneously an improvement in sense of taste. Five of 20 gravidae had dysmature infants. Heavy bleeding occurred at delivery in 6 cases, possibly secondary to impaired uterine contractility. Seven women who received zinc therapy had all normal deliveries, but labour was prolonged in one. No side effects of zinc therapy were noted except for nausea in one case. Further trials of zinc supplementation in larger series of women with low serum zinc concentrations during pregnancy seem to be justified.
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PMID:Low serum zinc concentrations in pregnancy, results of investigations and treatment. 106 49

Thirty-three gravidae with anemia in spite of iron and vitamin supplementation were examined, and 31 were found to have low or very low serum zinc concentrations with regard to the week of gestation. Twenty-three of the 33 showed no bone marrow haemosiderin or only traces. Thirty showed moderate or great increase in intracellular cell debris in the bone marrow macrophages, indicating an increase in intramedullary cell destruction. Two women showed low serum vitamin B-12 or folate concentrations and they also showed lowest zinc concentrations recorded in the series. Twelve of the 33 women gave birth to mature infants by normal delivery; 21 developed complications during labour or gave birth to immature, dysmature, or, in one case, malformed infants and/or were not delivered at normal term. Low serum zinc in pregnant women increases maternal morbidity and involves a higher risk to the fetus. It is suggested that an aetiological relationship exists between low serum zinc concentrations and refractory anaemia of pregnancy resulting in increased intramedullary cell destruction. This effect might be aggravated by iron deficiency.
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PMID:Refractory anaemia of pregnancy as an expression of zinc deficiency. 106 50

One hundred forty patients were followed for a mean 24.2 months after gastric bypass. Postop multivitamin (MV) prophylaxis was recommended for all patients and 90 of 140 patients (64 percent) were regularly compliant. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B-12 or folate were recognized in 88 of 140 patients (63 percent). Thirty of 45 patients (67 percent) with iron deficiency developed anemia. Forty-three of the 52 patients who did not have deficiencies were regularly taking MV vs 47 of 88 patients who developed deficiencies (P less than 0.001). MV prophylaxis was successful in preventing folate (P less than or equal to 0.05) and vitamin B-12 deficiencies (P less than or equal to 0.02) but did not prevent development of iron deficiency or subsequent anemia. There was no correlation between taking prescribed supplements and resolution of either iron deficiency of anemia. B-12 and folate supplements corrected deficiencies in 73 percent of cases. We conclude that oral MV prophylaxis is useful in preventing folate and B-12 deficiency after gastric bypass. Additional prophylactic iron supplements should be provided for women to prevent iron deficiency and associated anemia.
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PMID:Multivitamin prophylaxis in prevention of post-gastric bypass vitamin and mineral deficiencies. 175 27

One hundred eighty-four premature infants, < 1800 g at birth and < 36 wk gestation, were entered into a study investigating the role of additional folate and vitamin B-12 supplementation of the anemia of prematurity. All patients initially received vitamin E and iron in accordance with accepted standards. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups to receive orally 0.1 mg folate/d for 4 mo, 100 micrograms vitamin B-12 intramuscularly monthly for 4 mo, both supplements, or neither. All other activities including parenteral nutrition were carried out according to established practices, irrespective of study group. By 10-12 wk, infants treated with vitamin B-12 alone or combined with folate had higher hemoglobin values than the untreated (P < 0.0005) or solely folate-treated (P < 0.01) groups. These findings held true irrespective of wide variations in treatment and feeding practices. The only uncontrolled hematologic nutritional factor, selenium, showed a similar pattern of decline for 10-12 wk in all study patients, whether or not they received additional vitamin supplements.
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PMID:Premature infants require additional folate and vitamin B-12 to reduce the severity of the anemia of prematurity. 798 36

To determine the prevalence and causes of anemia in rural Mexico, blood samples and longitudinal dietary data were collected from 187 women, some pregnant and then lactating, and from 72 men. Blood was used to measure anemia, mean cell volume, and plasma ferritin, folate and vitamin B-12. Anemia was found in 33% of the men, 54% of nonpregnant, nonlactating women, 35% of pregnant women and 41% of lactating women, and varied by season. Low iron stores (ferritin) accompanied anemia in only 8% of men compared with 38-67% of women. Low meat intake and poor dietary iron bioavailability were associated with anemia in women. There were no cases of low plasma folate. Low plasma vitamin B-12 was common in all groups, and the incidence increased from 15% at 7 mo of pregnancy to 30% at 7 mo of lactation. Vitamin B-12 was lower in the plasma and milk of anemic lactating women than in plasma and milk of non-anemic lactating women and was classified as deficient in 62% of breast milk samples.
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PMID:Iron, vitamin B-12 and folate status in Mexico: associated factors in men and women and during pregnancy and lactation. 806 68

The treatment of anemia in patients with renal failure has been dramatically changed with the development of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO). This review discusses the pathogenesis of the anemia renal failure and the biology of erythropoietin. Causes of poor response to r-HuEPO therapy are outlined, and the importance of adequate available iron is highlighted. Parameters used to measure iron adequacy include serum iron levels, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels. Other nutritional deficiencies, such as folic acid and vitamin B-12, can also impair r-HuEPO response. Clearly, the advent of r-HuEPO treatment for patients with renal failure and anemia has brought another dimension to the care of these patients. Optimal nutrition management is critical for the success of this new agent.
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PMID:Nutritional implications of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in renal disease. 807 84

When one stops eating vitamin B-12 (cobalamins), one passes through four stages of negative cobalamin balance: serum depletion [low holotranscobalamin II, ie, low vitamin B-12 on transcobalamin II (TCII)], cell depletion (decreasing holohaptocorrin and low red cell vitamin B-12 concentrations), biochemical deficiency (slowed DNA synthesis, elevated serum homocysteine and methylmalonate concentrations), and, finally, clinical deficiency (anemia). Serum vitamin B-12 is on two proteins: the circulating vitamin B-12 delivery protein, TCII, and the circulating vitamin B-12 storage protein, haptocorrin. Because TCII is depleted of vitamin B-12 within days after absorption stops, the best screening test for early negative vitamin B-12 balance is a measurement of vitamin B-12 on TCII (holoTCII). HoloTCII falls below the bottom of its normal range long before total serum vitamin B-12 (which is mainly vitamin B-12 on haptocorrin) falls below the bottom of its normal range.
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PMID:Staging vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) status in vegetarians. 817 25

Anthropometry and body-composition measures, hematologic and biochemical measures of nutritional status, and helminthic infection were studied in the population of elderly persons (> or = 60 y of age) in a rural village in Guatemala that was 65% Mayan (indigenous) and 35% ladino (European). The population had low levels of literacy and formal education. The elderly persons were much shorter and lighter than reference populations. Anemia was present in 18% of the population, and riboflavin and vitamin B-12 deficiencies were detected in 70% and 38%, respectively. Both anthropometric and biochemical-hematologic variables were lower, on average, in the Mayan descendants than in the ladinos. When grouped by body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), greater BMI signified higher values for almost all biochemical-hematologic measures. Sixty-five percent of the sampled population had mild-to-moderate Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. The lifestyle in rural Guatemala is evolving, and the present findings provide insights into the evolution of nutritional status in the growing number of elderly in the countryside.
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PMID:Nutritional status indicators and their interactions in rural Guatemalan elderly: a study in San Pedro Ayampuc. 932 52

Gastrectomized rats develop anemia and osteopenia, and ingestion of fructooligosaccharides leads to an increase in iron absorption and promotes recovery from anemia in iron-deficient rats. Laparotomized (sham-operated control) rats and totally gastrectomized (Billoth II) rats, in groups of 14 each, were fed a control diet without fructooligosaccharides or a diet containing fructooligosaccharides (75 g/kg of diet) for 6 wk. All rats received an intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12 every 2 wk. Tail blood was collected every week for determination of hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed and the femur and tibia were collected for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and BMD of both femurs and tibias were significantly lower in gastrectomized rats fed the control diet than in the other three groups. Dietary fructooligosaccharides prevented anemia and osteopenia in totally gastrectomized rats.
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PMID:Dietary fructooligosaccharides prevent postgastrectomy anemia and osteopenia in rats. 948 53

Folate deficiency is associated with anemia, birth defects, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if a moderate folate deficiency during controlled changes in folate intake would affect chromosomal damage in lymphocytes and buccal cells. A study of nine healthy postmenopausal women volunteers (age 49-63 years) was carried out in a metabolic unit (baseline week with folate intake of 195 microg/day, five-week depletion at 56 microg/day, and gradual repletion including four weeks at 111 microg/day, 11 days at 286 microg/day and 9 days at 516 microg/day). Plasma folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine were measured weekly. Cytogenetic damage was assessed by scoring micronucleus (MN) frequency in lymphocytes and buccal cells three times: (1) at the beginning of the study, (2) at the end of depletion, and (3) after repletion. The MN frequency increased in binucleated lymphocytes, as well as in all lymphocytes, after depletion (p=0.037), and later decreased following repletion (p=0. 028). Both kinetochore-positive and kinetochore-negative MN were increased after depletion (p=0.015 and 0.028), but after repletion only the change in kinetochore-positive MN was statistically significant (p=0.048). The main variables affecting MN were: (1) vitamin B-12 level, (2) plasma folate level, and (3) baseline frequency of MN. The MN frequency in exfoliated buccal cells was decreased after dietary supplementation of 516 microg/day folate (p=0.010). Thus, low folate, without clinical symptoms of anemia, results in higher levels of cytogenetic damage in both the blood and oral cavity of postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Micronuclei in lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells of postmenopausal women with dietary changes in folate. 973 36


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